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aka chromatic aberration, is a common problem in lenses which occurs when colors are incorrectly refracted (bent) by the lens, resulting in a mismatch at the focal point where the colors do not combine as they should.

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entails conversion of a continuous gradation of tone to several regions of fewer tones, with abrupt changes from one tone to another. This was originally done with photographic processes to create posters.

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In signal processing and related disciplines, aliasing is an effect that causes different signals to become indistinguishable (or aliases of one another) when sampled. It also refers to the distortion or artifact that results when the signal reconstructed from samples is different from the original continuous signal.

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A compression artifact is the fuzz or distortion in a compressed image or sequence of video images. When a photo is compressed into a JPEG format, some data is lost, which is why this type of compression is called lossy compression.

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Barrel lens distortion is an effect associated with wide-angle lenses and, in particular, zoom wide-angles. This effect causes the image to spherize, which means that the edges of the photo look curved and bowed to the human eye. It almost appears as though the photo image has been wrapped around a curved surface.

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Advanced Photo System type-C (APS-C) is an image sensor format approximately equivalent in size to the Advanced Photo System "classic" negatives of 25.1×16.7 mm, an aspect ratio of 3:2.

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The number of pixels on the 18.1MP 1D X's sensor that lie within an APS-H sized box are only about 11MP, or 30% less resolution than with the 16.1MP 1D mkIV. The 1.3x crop factor is linear. Resolution is based on area. A full frame sensor has 1.67 times the area of an APS-H sensor.

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A full-frame camera uses a sensor that's the same size as a single frame of traditional 35mm film, measuring 36 x 24mm. The more popular APS-C sensor size found in most DSLRs and mirrorless cameras measures 22 x 15mm. This means a full-frame sensor has more than 2.5 times the surface area of an APS-C sensor.

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An image sensor is an electronic device that converts an optical image into an electronic signal. It is used in digital cameras and imaging devices to convert the light received on the camera or imaging device lens into a digital image

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In digital photography, the crop factor, format factor or focal length multiplier of an image sensor format is the ratio of the dimensions of a camera's imaging area compared to a reference format; most often, this term is applied to digital cameras, relative to 35 mm film format as a reference

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an early 20th-century style and movement in art, especially painting, in which perspective with a single viewpoint was abandoned and use was made of simple geometric shapes, interlocking planes, and, later, collage.

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an avant-garde movement in music characterized by the repetition of very short phrases that change gradually, producing a hypnotic effect.

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art based on modern popular culture and the mass media, especially as a critical or ironic comment on traditional fine art values.

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new and unusual or experimental ideas, especially in the arts, or the people introducing them.

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a 20th-century avant-garde movement in art and literature that sought to release the creative potential of the unconscious mind, for example by the irrational juxtaposition of images.

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large-scale interference patterns that can be produced when an opaque ruled pattern with transparent gaps is overlaid on another similar pattern.

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the action of taking something for one's own use, typically without the owner's permission.

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the repeated exposure of a photographic plate or film to light, often producing ghost images.

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a painting or drawing of an arrangement of objects, typically including fruit and flowers and objects contrasting with these in texture, such as bowls and glassware.

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means taking photos for commercial use.
business, sales, and money

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a group of binary digits or bits (usually eight) operated on as a unit.

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a unit of memory or data equal to 1,024 (2¹⁰) bytes.

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a unit of information equal to 2²⁰ bytes or, loosely, one million bytes.

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a unit of information equal to one billion (10⁹) or, strictly, 2³⁰ bytes.

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unit of information equal to one million million (10¹²) or strictly, 2⁴⁰ bytes.

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a diagram consisting of rectangles whose area is proportional to the frequency of a variable and whose width is equal to the class interval.

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loosely used term applied to an array of concepts and attitudes that reject prior definitions of art and question art in general.

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a collection or gathering of things

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In photography and optics, a neutral-density filter, or ND filter, is a filter that reduces or modifies the intensity of all wavelengths, or colors, of light equally, giving no changes in hue of color rendition. It can be a colorless or grey filter.

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is intentionally processing film in the wrong chemicals, creating interesting and unpredictable color shifts and increased contrast.

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Honeycomb grid (light modifier) The honeycomb grid is a tight structure of a similar shape to the honeycomb made by honey bees. It's affixed to the front of a studio strobe. Or it can be fixed to an off-camera flash. The light shines through the grid and creates a tight beam of light.

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Umbrellas are used primarily as diffusers in photography. They are used either to diffuse light by reflective diffusion, or shoot-through diffusion. Reflective diffusion: A flash light is fired directly into the underside of a black umbrella with a white or silver lining.

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A beauty dish is a photographic lighting device that uses a parabolic reflector to distribute light towards a focal point. The light created is between that of a direct flash and a softbox, giving the image a wrapped, contrasted look, which adds a more dramatic effect.

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In photography, a snoot is a tube or similar object that fits over a studio light or portable flash and allows the photographer to control the direction and radius of the light beam. These may be conical, cylindrical, or rectangular in shape. Snoots can isolate a subject when using a flash.

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A soft box is a type of photographic lighting device, one of a number of photographic soft light devices. All the various soft light types create even and diffused light by transmitting light through some scattering material, or by reflecting light off a second surface to diffuse the light.

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A monolight is a self-contained photographic flash lighting unit usually found in a studio. Each monolight has its own independent power source. It does not depend on a centralized power supply as a "pack and head" system does.

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Catch light or catchlight is a light source that causes a specular highlight in a subject's eye in an image.

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In image editing, a curve is a remapping of image tonality, specified as a function from input level to output level, used as a way to emphasize colours or other elements in a picture. Curves can usually be applied to all channels together in an image, or to each channel individually.

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Levels is a tool in Photoshop and other image editing programs which can move and stretch the brightness levels of an image histogram. It has the power to adjust brightness, contrast, and tonal range by specifying the location of complete black, complete white, and midtones in a histogram.

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A ring light is a simple lighting tool that is commonly used for beauty shots, portraits, and macro photography.

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Tilt–shift photography is the use of camera movements that change the orientation and/or position of the lens with respect to the film or image sensor on cameras.

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SOOC means “straight-out-of-camera” and denotes *ZERO* computer photoshop.

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or amphitype, also known as a collodion positive in the UK, is a positive photograph on glass made by a variant of the wet plate collodion process. Like a print on paper, it is viewed by reflected light.

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Polaroid transfer is a photographic image-transfer process, or print making technique, which uses instant film. ... The process gains its common name from the Polaroid brand film, when Fuji brand film is used the process may be called Fuji transfer.

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Photogravure is an intaglio printmaking or photo-mechanical process whereby a copper plate is grained (adding a pattern to the plate) and then coated with a light-sensitive gelatin tissue which had been exposed to a film positive, and then etched, resulting in a high quality intaglio plate that can reproduce detailed ...

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Cyanotype is a photographic printing process that produces a cyan-blue print. Engineers used the process well into the 20th century as a simple and low-cost process to produce copies of drawings, referred to as blueprints.

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The chlorophyll process is an organic alternative photography process akin to the anthotype process. However, instead of printing on the crushed extract of fruit or plant matter, the prints are bleached by sunlight directly onto the surface of leaves using a positive.

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technique that produces a sense of drama to a portrait. This form of lighting is when half of the subject's face is lit, while the other half is left dark.

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a portrait lighting pattern where the subject is lit from about 45 degrees in front of them and above. This creates a nose shadow that "loops" down at an angle onto their cheek. It is a slightly directional lighting pattern

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a lighting technique that is used in studio portrait photography. It can be achieved using one light and a reflector, or two lights, and is popular because it is capable of producing images which appear both natural and compelling with a minimum of equipment.

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a portrait lighting pattern where the key light is placed above and directly centered with a subject's face. This creates a shadow under the nose that resembles a butterfly. It's also known as 'Paramount lighting', named for classic Hollywood glamour photography.

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Short lighting, by definition, refers to when the main light illuminates the side of the face that is turned away from the camera. This lets light fall on the narrow side of the face leaving a shadow on the broad side of the face, which is facing the camera.

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a portrait lighting pattern where the portion of the subject's face that is turned toward the camera is lit most brightly. ... Broad lighting is typically less flattering than short lighting as it widens the look of the face.