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Nur Hafizah 1180835 (Gas Power Cycle- MindMap)

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Qalbi (updated poster)

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NORHANA SSS3052 Poster Template (LATEST)

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To overcome the water contamination, there are technologies that have been employed which are, physical, chemical and biological process (Vahid, M., 2017). From these three methods non- of the method were successfully remove the contaminant (Vahid, M., 2017). 1970s, scientist had found that TiO₂ can be used to overcome the contamination of water (Kazuhito Hazhimoto et al., 2005). TiO2 are getting broader. In previous study, there are many researchers tried to come out with the best method to enhance the efficiency to treat organic wastewater. One of the best ways to remove contaminant is by photocatalytic process. Photocatalytic will generate hydroxyl free radical which has the strongest oxidizing agents.

The study of TiO2 are continue. It is because when the best result of TiO2 are develop, the photocatalytic degradation of organic wastewater become more efficient. In this study, the size of TiO2 are very important. The best size of TiO2 is in nano size. Sol- gel process is the most ideal method to get the nano size TiO₂. Next, the energy band gap for TiO2 is 3.2 eV (Vahid, M., 2017). To reduce the band gap, some impurities of metal oxide need to add to the crystalline structure of TiO2. In this proposal, the suitable metal oxide for TiO2 is Fe.

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As stated earlier, a number of methods for the synthesis of Cu-doped ZnO nanoparticles have been used but precipitation by reflux method is chosen in this study because it offers several advantages which include simple equipment, easy to handle process and low cost method. It also do not require a complex process or demand of very high power synthesis conditions in temperature or pressure which can affect the production of nanoparticles. Additionally, Cu-doped ZnO is said to be a good candidate in the application of photocatalytic activity however factor like temperature and concentration of reactants could affect its effectiveness as a photo catalyst.According to Goswami (2018), the previous research study more concern on the concentration of dopant material using reflux method without further performing annealing process in the application of photocatalytic activity but in the work done by Attia (2019), it was reported that Cu-doped ZnO exhibited higher photocatalytic activity when annealing with various temperature above 100°C. Therefore, Cu doped ZnO nanoparticle will be annealed after undergo reflux precipitation with temperatures ranging from 300 °C to 600°C in order to observe the effect of annealing temperature on structural and optical properties. In nut shell, although there are many reports for the ZnO, it is still a rare work to focus on the synthesizing of Cu-doped ZnO nanoparticle using precipitation by reflux method with different annealing temperature to study the effect on photocatalytic activity. This problem becomes concerns to discuss.

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From the previous researchers, natural dyes of dye sensitized solar cell were tested individually for their efficiency performance. The DSSC performance may vary due to the type of pigments tested. Besides, most of the researchers only focusing on the effect of the single dye to the system but cocktail of two dyes from different pigments rarely been focused on. (Ogomo et al., 2010) said that by mixing two or more natural dyes together, able to improve the range of absorption of light in the visible region and thus improving the overall efficiency of DSSC. At the same time, the extraction yield of natural pigments from plant tissues are also depends on various extraction conditions, especially light, solvent type, temperature and pH of extracts (Al-Alwani et al.,2015). Organic solvent types that commonly used in previous experiment are ethanol, soxhlet hot organic solvent and heating in water. So, in this research, attempts have been made to observed the reaction of the performance of natural sensitizers by making cocktails of two natural dyes of ‘Daun Pandan’ and ‘Bunga Telang’ using a variety of solvents for the extraction of dye molecules. This cocktail will be tested in three different solvents which are ethanol, methanol and ethyl ether. So, this research significantly can show and figure out the effect of this cocktail as natural photosensitizers towards DSSC system. It might be able to prove the quality of natural dyes sensitizers instead of common chemical sensitizers used in DSSC.

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In the previous works, some experiments have been done about the synthesis of ZnO by using sol-gel method  but the difference is that experiment is for synthesizing nanoparticles. Oxides of nano particle size in nanometer range have been paid more attention for their unique properties (Abdullah, K.A et al, 2017).  In a less explored approach, hydrogels have been used as dispersants of nanomaterials, allowing a larger exposure of the surface of the nanomaterial and thus a better performance in its applications. The method that was chosen is sol-gel method because of its insurance of highly pure and uniform structured ZnO but with different temperature.

In the previous research by Khan and his companions in 2013, the gels are dehydrated at temperature as high as 8000°C and finally densified at temperature greater than 8000°C to obtain metal oxide nanoparticles. This temperature is very high and need to be conducted very carefully. There is no research that has been done to synthesis ZnO hydrogel by using sol gel method by varying the temperature.  So, a research need to be conducted to find a working temperature to synthesis zinc oxide hydrogel by using sol-gel method to study the optical and chemical properties. This is also can be done to study the effect on energy storage applications.

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Previous researches had prepared the ZnO nanoparticles by various method of preparation such as sol-gel, precipitation, epoxide gelation sol–gel method and sol-gel spin coating technique to deposit ZnO thin films on glass substrate. These methods prepared the ZnO nanoparticles by using modified and various sol gel methods and are been widely used to synthesize ZnO nanopowders but ZnO hydrogel is rarely produce by using different pH value. In 2010, a research of synthesizing ZnO nanoparticles by using sol gel centrifugation with different pH value had been conducted. But there is no continuation of research about the effect of the pH value to the energy storage application. So, in this research, the ZnO hydrogel will be synthesized with different pH value of solution under the proper sol-gel preparation method ranging between 9 and 11 in order to study the structural and optical properties and the effect on energy storage application.

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Norhana-General Tittle (Synthesis of Fe- doped TiO2 by sol- gel method to enhance photocatalytic degradation MB and MO)

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Norhana-General Tittle (Synthesis of Fe- doped TiO2 by sol- gel method to enhance photocatalytic degradation MB and MO)

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1. Introduction (done)
1.1 background (done)
1.2 objectives(done)
1.3 problem statements(done)
1.4 scopes of the study(done)
1.5 significances of study(done)

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Ezzatul- Synthesis of ZnO Hydrogel by using proper sol-gel method

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Ezzatul- Synthesis of ZnO Hydrogel by using proper sol-gel method

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1. introduction (done)
1.1 background (done)
1.2 objectives (done)
1.3 problem statements (done)
1.4 scope of study (done)
1.5 significance of study (done)

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Aimi- Synthesis of ZnO Hydrogel by Using Proper Sol-gel Method

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Aimi- Synthesis of ZnO Hydrogel by Using Proper Sol-gel Method

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1. Introduction
1.1 background (DONE)
1.2 objectives(DONE)
1.3 problem statements (DONE)
1.4 scopes of the study(DONE)
1.5 significances of study  (DONE)

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Najihah- Synthesis of Cu-doped ZnO nanoparticles by reflux precipitation method

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Najihah- Synthesis of Cu-doped ZnO nanoparticles by reflux precipitation method

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1. Introduction
1.1 background (DONE)
1.2 objectives(DONE)
1.3 problem statements (DONE)
1.4 scopes of the study(DONE)
1.5 significances of study (DONE)

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Qalbi - Cocktail  dyes of Pandanus Amaryllifolius (Daun Pandan) and Clitoria Ternatea (Bunga Telang) in  DSSC 

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Qalbi - Cocktail  dyes of Pandanus Amaryllifolius (Daun Pandan) and Clitoria Ternatea (Bunga Telang) in  DSSC 

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1. Introduction (DONE)
1.1 background (DONE)
1.2 objectives (DONE)
1.3 problem statements (DONE)
1.4 scopes of the study (DONE)
1.5 significances of study (DONE)

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1. Introduction
1.1 background
1.2 objectives
1.3 problem statements
1.4 scopes of the study
1.5 significances of study