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"World History Medieval to Early Times" History Book

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Not only were the Legislative and the Executive Branch's similar from Rome and today but the Judicial Branch as well. Rome also had a court in which their would be a judge who would tell, based off evidence whether someone would be declared innocent or guilty. Under Roman Law they would state that a person would be innocent until proven guilty, similar to today's world.

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The Legislative Branch from today and the Romans were also similar, like the Executive Branch, both having similar abilities. The Legislative Branch was made up of two groups of representatives, the senate and the council. Both of these groups would invent laws that could later be accepted and enforced for Rome.

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The Executive Branch of Government was actually very similar to today's form of government, both having "presidents" but in a little bit of a different way. Rome had 2 consuls (or presidents) that were also elected, like how it is today, but only by richest in Rome. They would basically run the government, and have control of the army. During war, one of the consuls be chosen as a dictator for the time-being as to not slow down time on what to do. This dictator would have to give up his dictatorship after 6 months, and go back to the system of 2 consuls.
http://www.livius.org/articles/concept/consul/

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There are many different types of sculptures,  one being busts. Busts were the most popular type of sculptures. Busts are sculptures only taken of the head of the subject. Most of the time wealthy Romans would have busts of their ancestors, and was a way to show off their lineage.
https://www.ducksters.com/history/art/ancient_roman_art.php

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Not only did the Romans create paintings, but sculptures. However, sculptures from Rome were influenced a lot from Greece, with most of them literally being copies of Greek Sculptures. Popular subjects for sculptures included gods, goddesses, philosophers, famous athletes, and successful generals.
https://www.ducksters.com/history/art/ancient_roman_art.php

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Romans had really admired Greek arts and when they conquered Greece, their art influenced Roman's Art. They also got influenced by others, like the Egyptians. Their art were of two types Frescos and Mosaics. Frescoes were directly painted onto walls. Most of them were destroyed, but some still exist in the city of Pompeii. Mosaics were pictures made from colored tiles. They could both be art on a wall or a floor decoration. Mosaics have managed to survive longer than their Fresco counterparts.

https://www.ducksters.com/history/art/ancient_roman_art.php

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They used arches a lot, as arches could support a lot of weight, and that is why they were almost used all the time. The Roman Arch was one of Rome's best innovations, making better roads, aqueducts, and bigger buildings. Was a very important architecture discovery, as it was a simple structure, but could do a lot of things.
https://study.com/academy/lesson/the-roman-arch-definition-construction-history.html
https://www.ancient.eu/Roman_Architecture/

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Similarly, like how the Romans used Columns columns were also used a lot, even in places not necessary.  The Romans had made their buildings much more grander, than what the Greeks could do. They used them a lot because the Romans had liked open spaces, and they could hold a lot of weight, even though they were such a simple structure.
https://www.ancient.eu/Roman_Architecture/

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Finally they made tunnels,  which were hard to create, not only because it was a long process of excavation taking up to one year,  but because surveyors had look and make sure the ends of the tunnels met. One specific type of tunnel being the Qanat tunnel, adopted by the Etruscans (they had ruled Rome as kings for some time). They were constructed with vertical shafts, dug at 35.5 meter intervals.
https://www.ancient.eu/Roman_Engineering/
https://www.ancient.eu/article/882/roman-tunnels/

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Not only did they just make roads and stadiums, but more. The Romans had also even introduced including aqueducts, made from human-made channels. They were meant to always give a constant flow of water, by making it run through the channel at a slight angle down and into a city. Was a big system of pipes, ditches, canals, and tunnels, to maneuver the water to the city.
https://www.ancient.eu/Roman_Engineering/
http://www.crystalinks.com/romeaqueducts.html

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They also made durable roads that they were famous for. Always, all their roads would always lead to Rome from where they conquered. The Romans had used them mostly for travel, trade, and to hold the Empire together. They would dig a trench for where the road would go and lay it with big stones. Next they would put big stones, cement, and sand, and then another layer of cement mixed with broken tiles. On top of that they put paving stones, cut to fit tightly together. Kerb stones were put to the left and right as a channel for water to run down.
https://www.ancient.eu/Roman_Engineering/
https://www.teachingideas.co.uk/romans/roman-roads

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The bridges made by these people were pretty impressive and made out of stone, one being 135 meters. The earliest bridges were formed by the Greeks, but the Romans revolutionized them by introducing arches to the mix. This design of Arch Bridges made bridges were extremely strong being able to hold a lot of weight.
http://www.historyofbridges.com/bridges-history/ancient-bridges/
https://www.ancient.eu/Roman_Engineering/

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The Romans had made many works of architecture, even though some of the concepts were taken from the Greeks, but here is an example of what they did not take from the Greeks, domes. Domes were round ceilings and evolved from the Roman Arch, made by Byzantine architects.  Requires heavy walls to hold the heavy structure up though.
https://www.ancient.eu/Roman_Architecture/
https://www.britannica.com/technology/dome-architecture

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The Romans had made pretty durable structures that have lasted even until today. Some things they had introduced were roads, bridges, aqueducts, and tunnels. Stadiums were introduced by the Greeks, but the Romans added their own touch to them. One famous stadium that the Romans made was the Colosseum. The history of the Stadium starts with the Greeks, but there is a famous stadium that the Romans made, which was the Colosseum. The Romans made their adjustments with the Colosseum, making it an ellipse shape, with 50,000 seats and 80 entrances, and was 157 feet.
https://www.ancient.eu/Roman_Engineering/
https://www.si.com/extra-mustard/2015/02/02/history-stadium-design-arenas