# data[].attributes.body
-overall population rose from about 5 million to 19 million from 1800-1860

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- over 88,000 miles of surfaced roads
- canals
-railroads connected distant parts of U.S

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-mostly determined by cities
-religious protestant farmers
-emphasis on education and religion

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-shipping,textiles, lumber, furs, & mining
-subsistence farming

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-centers of commerce
-1800: 5% of population lived in cities
-1850: 15% of population lived in cities

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-rocky, and hilly
-infertile land
-forests, fast rivers

# data[].attributes.body
-warm, humid summers
-cold, snowy winters