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where r u?

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IMOGEN

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Oooooooooooooo hello

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And pattern screens

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Can 1 of u guys reasesrch the number pin

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The computer system would split the face up into visible landmarks. For example, the width of your nose, the distance between your eyes and the depth of your eye sockets. These would all come together to create a persons face print. But, this means that the scanner would only identify the face if it were in the same position as before. Because are faces are never static, it would be hard to get a perfect like in two different photos. There are 4 main problems people face when creating a facial Recognition photo. These are known as     A-Pie. Ageing, pose, illumination and emotion. Now there is a 3D facial recognition system called deep face.  This has adapted the systems, so the scanners can take a 2d picture of your face and turn it into a 3D. This means that photos can be rotated, so that 2 faces can be compared and matched even if they are in different positions from each other. This takes care of the pose. Ageing is also not a problem anymore, as scanners can now identify faces using the rigid edges of the face, e.g Bone and tissue. Rigid edges of the face, may include your nose, chin and eye sockets. These parts of your face have been said to not change very much as you age.

Computers now use a teaching technique called deep learning. The systems use use algorithm to identify matches and compare faces. Every time the computer gets a correct or incorrect match, it remembers, and builds connections. This means the more times it is used, the more accurate the system gets at its job.

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the odds of someone else’s finger working on your Touch ID are 1 in 50,000 with a single finger

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Th odds of guessing a typical 4 digit password are q in 10,000

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Most facial Recognition scanners have a 97.35% accuracy rating. That’s 0.28% less than the accuracy of a human. Computers at normally more accurate than humans, but not in this case. Humans have a very unique way of identifying people. Unlike e.g dogs which use smell as a guide. We have evolved to remember and identify people we meet.Humans have a whole part of the brain dedicated to recognising faces/people. This is called the fusiform face area.

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Passwords facts

66% of people online utilize (make use of) only 1 or 2 passwords for all of their accounts.

The average internet user has 25 online accounts, 6.5 passwords and waits an average of 3.1 months before changing passwords.

A computer loaded with the latest virtualization software and high powered graphics cards can now crack an eight-character password in 5 1/2 hours.

People usually change their passwords on an average of 2.5 – 3 years.

40% of users don’t make complex passwords, and fail to change them on a regular basis

60% of users visit 5-20 websites that require passwords.

37% of users have to request a password reset at least once a month

90% of employee passwords are crackable within 6 hours

There are three types of password attacks:

1. Brute Force Attack

A hacker uses a computer program or script to try to log in with possible password combinations, usually starting with the easiest-to-guess passwords.q

2. Dictionary Attack

A hacker uses a program or script to try to login by cycling through combinations of common words.

3. Key Logger Attack

A hacker uses a program to track all of a user’s keystrokes, So everything the user has typed including their login IDs and passwords have been recorded

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Touch ID is a fingerprint scanner that sits under the home button. The home button it’s self is made from laser cut sapphire crystal. The button is surrounded by a steel detection ring which can find out if your trying to log in or launch Siri instead. The sensor itself is thinner than a human hair and can scan your fingerprint at 500 pixels per inch in any direction. Once the scanner has scanned your fingerprint it incripts it into the Apple A7 processor inside the phone. The sensor is 170 microns thin. Has 500 ppi resolution. Has a 360 degrees readability. When scanner, it scans the sub-epidermal skin layers in your finger.

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this video is rly helpful for facial Recognition

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Is she with u

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https://m.youtube.com/watch?v=1aHub80AHFk

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1 in 1million people can get away with having the same face as you on a facial Recognition scan ( iPhone X)

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Kk

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Look up how passwords have developed and faults that they have

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What should I do.

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Dilara: fun facts

Emma P: PowerPoint

Juju: write about Touch ID and other passwords & go to art museum

Imogen: hardware model

Emma S: research/ finish booklet

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Are all passwords words?
Some people argue that passwords should be called passphrases as not all passwords are words. Some are numbers some are numbers and letter and some even use your face and fingers.

The creation of passwords can be considered a myth as no one knows where the idea of passwords came from. Although the first computer password was created around 1961 we don’t know if this really was the first ever password.

Ancient Egyptians used passwords to enter the pyramids and place treasure to make sure that no one entered who shouldn’t.

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The first experiments with semi-automated computer-based facial recognition were made during the mid-1960s by Woodrow Wilson Bledsoe, a pioneer of artificial intelligence, who devised a system for noting key facial landmarks on each picture (for example, the width of the mouth or between eyes).23 Nov 2014

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Are passwords useless?

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If you're like most people, you're annoyed by passwords. You've got dozens to remember - some of them tortuously complex - and on any given day, as you read e-mails, send tweets, and order groceries online, you're bound to forget one, or at least mistype it. You may even be one of those unfortunate people who've had a password stolen, thanks to the dodgy security on the machines that store them.

But who's to blame? Who invented the computer password?

Like the invention of the wheel or the story of the doorknob, the password's creation is shrouded in the mists of history. Romans used them. Shakespeare kicks off Hamlet with one - "Long live the King" - when Bernardo must prove he's a loyal soldier of the King of Denmark. But where did the first computer password show up?

It probably arrived at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology in the mid-1960s, when researchers at the university built a massive time-sharing computer called CTSS. The punchline is that even then, passwords didn't protect users as well as they could have. Technology changes. But, then again, it doesn't.

Nearly all of the computer historians contacted by Wired in the past few weeks said that the first password must have come from MIT's Compatible Time-Sharing System. In geek circles, it's famous. CTSS pioneered many of the building blocks of computing as we know it today: things like e-mail, virtual machines, instant messaging, and file sharing.

Fernando Corbató - the man who shepherded the CTSS project back in the mid-1960s - is a little reluctant to take credit. "Surely there must be some antecedents for this mechanism," he told us, before questioning whether the CTSS was beaten to the punch by IBM's $30 million Sabre ticketing system, a contraption built in 1960, back when $30 million could buy you a handful of jetliners. But when we contacted IBM, it wasn't sure.

According to Corbató, even though the MIT computer hackers were breaking new ground with much of what they did, passwords were pretty much a no-brainer. "The key problem was that we were setting up multiple terminals which were to be used by multiple persons but with each person having his own private set of files," he told Wired. "Putting a password on for each individual user as a lock seemed like a very straightforward solution."

Back in the '60s, there were other options, according to Fred Schneider, a computer science professor at Cornell University. The CTSS guys could have gone for knowledge-based authentication, where instead of a password, the computer asks you for something that other people probably don't know - your mother's maiden name, for example.

But in the early days of computing, passwords were surely smaller and easier to store than the alternative, Schneider says. A knowledge-based system "would have required storing a fair bit of information about a person, and nobody wanted to devote many machine resources to this authentication stuff."

The irony is that the MIT researchers who pioneered the passwords didn't really care much about security. CTSS may also have been the first system to experience a data breach. One day in 1966, a software bug jumbled up the system's welcome message and its master password file so that anyone who logged in was presented with the entire list of CTSS passwords. But that's not the good story.

Twenty-five years after the fact, Allan Scherr, a Ph.D. researcher at MIT in the early '60s, came clean about the earliest documented case of password theft.

In the spring of 1962, Scherr was looking for a way to bump up his usage time on CTSS. He had been allotted four hours per week, but it wasn't nearly enough time to run the detailed performance simulations he'd designed for the new computer system. So he simply printed out all of the passwords stored on the system.

"There was a way to request files to be printed offline by submitting a punched card," he remembered in a pamphlet written last year to commemorate the invention of the CTSS. "Late one Friday night, I submitted a request to print the password files and very early Saturday morning went to the file cabinet where printouts were placed and took the listing."

To spread the guilt around, Scherr then handed the passwords over to other users. One of them - J.C.R. Licklieder - promptly started logging into the account of the computer lab's director Robert Fano, and leaving "taunting messages" behind.

Scherr left MIT in May 1965 to take a job at IBM, but 25 years later he confessed to Professor Fano in person. "He assured me that my Ph.D. would not be revoked."

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The World's First Computer Password? It Was Useless Too

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If you're like most people, you're annoyed by passwords. You've got dozens to remember -- some of them tortuously complex -- and on any given day, as you read e-mails, send tweets, and order groceries online, you're bound to forget one, or at least mistype it.

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The acquisition led commentators to expect a fingerprint reading feature. Following leaks and speculation in early September, the iPhone 5S was unveiled on September 10, 2013, was the first phone on a major US carrier since the Atrix to feature the technology.

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The first computer password was developed in 1961 at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, for use with the Compatible Time-Sharing System (CTSS), which gave rise to many of the basic computing functions we use today.30 Dec 2013

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The iPhone X has a weakness for identical twins.

It can’t really tell the difference.

It's the first Apple device to include Face ID, a face-mapping technology that can be used unlock the phone, verify Apple Pay, and essentially replaces the fingerprint scanner (or Touch ID).

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There have been worrying reports of this sort of thing working with other facial ID sensors. They appear secure, but all you really need to do is hold up another phone with a picture of the owner on it, and the facial recognition technology will think the person is actually there.

But Apple says that the way the facial recognition works ensures that it would spot a flat version of a face instantly.

And even attempting to make a mask of someone's face won't work, according to the company. It checked, it said, by getting creepily realistic masks that are used in Hollywood studios and teaching the iPhone X not to recognise them.

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The chain is pretty clever. A highly scratch-resistant sapphire glass lens protects the assembly and focuses the sensor, while a color-matched steel ring surrounds it, waiting to detect your finger. When that's triggered, the capacitive Touch ID sensor activates and takes what's effectively a high-resolution snapshot of your fingerprint. The fingerprint is compared against what's stored in the secure enclave on the Apple A7 chipset, and if the unique characteristics in the arches, loops, or whorls match, you're instantly authenticated and your iPhone 5s will unlock or your iTunes purchase will be authorized.

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Whenever you look at your phone, the "flood illuminator" spots your face and alerts the phone that's something's going on. It then gets to work doing a number of things: taking an infrared photo, and sending out a network of thousands of dots that arrange themselves over your face and can be seen by a built-in camera. All of that data is then sent to the iPhone X's new chip which compares it to the information it has about your face; if it's close enough, the phone will unlock.

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The technology that enables Face ID is some of the most advanced hardware and software that we’ve ever created. The TrueDepth camera captures accurate face data by projecting and analyzing over 30,000 invisible dots to create a depth map of your face and also captures an infrared image of your face. A portion of the A11 Bionic chip's neural engine — protected within the Secure Enclave — transforms the depth map and infrared image into a mathematical representation and compares that representation to the enrolled facial data.

Face ID automatically adapts to changes in your appearance, such as wearing cosmetic makeup or growing facial hair. If there is a more significant change in your appearance, like shaving a full beard, Face ID confirms your identity by using your passcode before it updates your face data. Face ID is designed to work with hats, scarves, glasses, contact lenses, and many sunglasses. Furthermore, it's designed to work indoors, outdoors, and even in total darkness.