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After the election, many people in the South were talking about seceding. Finally, delegates in South Carolina did a vote and had voted to secede. Later on, them and 6 other states had seceded and formed the Confederate States of America.
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The election of Abraham Lincoln is considered to be really odd. This would be because he won with his opposition divided in 3 ways, with only 40% of the vote, and he wasn't even on the ballot in 10 Southern states. It also sent an important message that basically said that the South was now in the minority.
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Yet again, John Brown does another extreme action, this time being a raid on a federal arsenal. This ends with many of his men dying or being captured, with him being accused, convicted, then hung for treason in the end. However, he left a message that frightened Southerners, saying something like "this problem will only be solved with bloodshed."
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In 1858, republicans had nominated Lincoln for senator of Illinois, however, he had an opponent by the name of Stephen Douglas. They had many debates, eventually resulting in Lincoln losing, but becoming nationally known, and putting the moral issue of slavery into the spotlight.
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The Dred-Scott Decision was a decision by the Supreme Court where a Missouri slave that was brought to Wisconsin, a free territory, sued for his freedom in court. However, the decision was not in Scott's favor, as it made African-Americans never be able to be citizens and also abolished the Missouri Compromise for being unconstitutional.
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Charles Sumner, a senator, spoke out against Stephen Douglas and Southerners, saying that Douglas plotted with the South in the Nebraska-Kansas Act. He also spoke against one senator, of South Carolina, named Andrew P. Butler, and, in turn, a relative of Butler savagely beat Sumner in Congress with a metal tipped cane.
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After the Nebraska-Kansas  Act of 1854, there were, yet again, more problems between the North and South, very much concerning Kansas. This problem was that slavery supporters raided Lawrence, Kansas and destroyed some property, also looting as well, and, in response, John Brown went to a slavery town with others, hacking 5 people to death with swords.
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This act was passed by Stephen Douglass, and the Southerners would only accept it on certain terms, very impacting terms. These terms were for the 36°30' line to be abolished, and to create two new states: Kansas and Nebraska.
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The fugitive slave act was passed through the Compromise of 1850. This act stated that any fugitive slave in the North could be captured and returned to the South, but, as usual, Northerners didn't like this law and chose not to follow it.
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Again, there is more tension over the topic of California's potential statehood, but Henry Clay has an idea: to propose a compromise that will have qualities that both the North and the South will like. However, he needs the support of Daniel Webster to get it passed. Daniel Webster supports this compromise and Congress debates over it for nine hard months, until it is finally passed.
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All while Congress was still going on about slavery in the territory gained from Mexico, California was wanting to join the United States as a free state, which would throw off the balance of free and slave states, and also enrage the South. This, once again, caused a deadlock in Congress and the Southerners yet again spoke of seceding and the Northerners kept saying "slavery's a crime against humanity!"
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Also around the time of the Missouri Compromise's unraveling, there was a "gag rule" that kept slavery issues out of Congress for a bit. However, this peace was only temporary, eventually giving away and leading to, yet again, arguments over slavery in the United States.

(Image is of David Wilmot, Pennsylvania representative at the time and also anti-slavery.)
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Around the same time of the Missouri Compromise's unraveling, there was also an argument over fugitive slaves, for example, "You Northerners just been stealin' my slaves! I say, I say you Northerners are just thieves! Thieves I say!" After a little while, these slaveholders demanded that a law be passed so that they could recapture their slaves from the North.
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The Missouri Compromise, though seeming like a good idea at the time it was created, the 36°30' line , the most controversial part of the compromise, caused many problems. It led to many arguments over that boundary and eventually another argument over whether or not California should be entered as a free state in 1849.
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In 1820, the question of Missouri becoming either a slave or free state had come again, causing many problems within the United States. Eventually, a compromise was reached after many arguments over whether it should be a slave or free state, describing that Missouri would be entered as a slave state and Maine would be entered as a free state to maintain balance, also creating a line at 36°30' permitting slavery below the line but not above, except for in Missouri.
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