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Severe combined immunodeficiency , or SCID, was first reported in 1950 in Switzerland by Glanzmann and Riniker when they studied Swiss children with the disease that died extremely prematurely, at age 1-2.

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SCID is a genetic disease caused by genetic abnormality in the white blood cells (lymphocytes) or T cells. And genetic abnormality in the lymphocytes that reside solely in born marrow, or B cells. SCID is the term referred to when both T and B cells abnormal and compromise the immune system, making the person afflicted more susceptible to infection. SCID can be mild to life threatening, and if not treated and managed properly can reduce life expectancy significantly.

In simpler terms:
it prevents your immune system to properly function making you more susceptible to becoming sick, and the effects of a common sickness could be deadly because your immune system would be compromised.

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Eight or more ear infections

Two or more cases of pneumonia

Infections that do not resolve with antibiotic treatment for two or more months

Failure to gain weight or grow normally

Infections that require intravenous antibiotic treatment

Deep-seated infections, such as pneumonia that affects an entire lung or an abscess in the liver

Persistent thrush in the mouth or throat

A family history of immune deficiency or infant deaths due to infections

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Most notoriously, those who suffer from SCID have to live in a completely sterile environment. Coining the alternative name of Bubble Boy disease because of the need to be enclosed in an environment for the entirety of their lives to survive

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The only known cure for SCID at the moment is a bone marrow transplant. Gene therapy is also an option, but not as accessible as getting a bone marrow transplant

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Yes there are prenatal screenings to determine if your child will have SCID. The testing is comprised of a blood test that stains fetal blood with a panel of monoclonal antibodies. This stained blood can then be compared to the blood of a normal fetus. A doctor can then look for a lack of T cells in the fetus to determine if it is positive for ADA SCID, identifying the lineage of the T cells examined.

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A type of SCID that is linked solely to the X chromosome, causing this form of SCID to be sex-linked. XSCID is defined by the mutated gene that causes SCID (the gene that would normally produce an receptor for activation signals on immune cells) is located on the X chromosome.

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First reported in 1972, ADA-SCID was studied by analyzing the molecular defect that causes an ADA deficiency. An ADA deficiency is caused by genetic sequences that encode human ADA are isolated.

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Linch, D C, et al. Clinical and Experimental Immunology, U.S. National Library of Medicine, May 1984, www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1536238/.

“Severe Combined Immunodeficiency.” Edited by Stephen J. McGeady, KidsHealth, The Nemours Foundation, Sept. 2012, kidshealth.org/en/parents/severe-immunodeficiency.html.

“Severe Combined Immunodeficiency | AAAAI.” The American Academy of Allergy, Asthma & Immunology, www.aaaai.org/conditions-and-treatments/primary-immunodeficiency-disease/severe-combined-immunodeficiency.

ThingLink. “Severe Combined Immunodeficiency Genetic Disorder by Marsela Leverone.”ThingLink, www.thinglink.com/scene/628996726249750528.