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Courtship is defined as a set of behaviors in which an animal tries to attract a mate to reproduce with. Displays of this nature are performed by animals seeking mainly to attract a partner, but it can sometimes act as a means to warn off rivals. Courtship could be simple, involving miniscule effort, or it could be a highly complex series of actions involving multiple individuals. But one thing that all forms of courtmanship have in common is the utilization of communication. Communication comes in a variety of forms such as visual,  auditory, or chemical.

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These behaviors often shown by animals include specific movements (dances), vocalizations, mechanical sound production, or displays of beauty, strength, generosity, and skill. In addition, certain organisms only reproduce in specific locations, like how salmone swim huge distances back to their birthplace to lay their eggs. Seasons or the time of the year also impact the courtship process. Some species will only reproduce once in their lifetime. This is called semelparity. Other animals practice iteroparity, meaning they reproduce multiple times in their lives. Not to mention, some organisms can have more than one partner. Animal are monogamous if they only have one partner, and are polygamous if they have more than one.

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The theory of sexual selection, proposed by Charles Darwin, states that certain evolutionary adaptations are solely designed to help individuals outcompete others for mates. Females tend to choose mates that display ability to pass on genes that will lead to ideal offspring and further the population as a whole. Thus, females determine what alleles can be inherited, as well as the genetic diversity present in their population. Picking more advanced mates gives their offspring the advantage of having those traits that ensure survival. Natural selection is  process where organisms better adapted or with advantageous traits tend to survive and produce more offspring. It is the main concept that brings about evolution. Adaptation is a result of natural selection, and courtship essentially is a form of selection. Individuals that have the best courtship ritual are chosen, while those with lesser displays do not reproduce.

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Social behaviors are beneficial and necessary. It is required to:
1. Maximize an individual's and population's fitness
2. Maintain survival
3. Adapt to changes within an environment
4. Procreate
Without social behaviors organisms would not be able to create the complex relationships scientists have observed. Even humans still present these same social behaviors like courtship. Without intsitcal behaviors such as reproducing, humans would not be able to act as a functional society. So why would the same concepts humans take for granted be rendered irrelevant with less developed animals? In summary social behaviors are key in the sense that this type of behavior is the main force that keeps repopulating the next generation and actually allows organisms to exist.

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The mating rituals of peacocks are marked by flashy displays of their tail feathers. Fun fact, males peacocks have the visually stunning appearances for the purpose of attracting females. Female peacocks lack color and are the sole selectors of their mates. The peacocks show off their appearances during the breeding season to show their sexual and physical fitness. Females having a preference for males with large, colorful tail feathers is a prime example of natural selection. By being attracted to the stronger individuals in a group, natural selection takes course and preserves the superior strengths possessed by the mates.

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Many individual courtship displays involve elaborate movements. For example, male jumping spiders perform mesmerizing swaying and zigzag movements as part of their courtship rituals. The more unique and memorable the dance is, the greater the chance of being selected.

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Courtship display videos, news and facts. (2014, October). Retrieved from http://www.bbc.co.uk/nature/adaptations/Courtship_display.

Semelparity and Iteroparity. (2010). Retrieved from https://www.nature.com/scitable/knowledge/library/semelparity-and-iteroparity-13260334.

Understanding Evolution- Sexual Selection. (n.d.). Retrieved from https://evolution.berkeley.edu/evolibrary/article/evo_28.