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Do you think in Australia the 'post' in 'post multiculturalism implies a continuation or a retreat from it? Do you think individual political parties have a different version of 'post-multiculturalism'?

How does multiculturalism interact with the segregation of church and state in government policies?

"The fragmenting forces of multiculturalism leading to the emergence of parallel lives." How do we see this in Australia?

The discussion of women's rights in multicultural debates is one facet. Which other groupings of people rights are also invovled in critiques of multiculturalism?

Peter Dutton recently came out saying Australia should take in more white South African Farmers. What does this represent in discussions of refugees, post-multiculturalism and multiculturalism?

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Does the shift from multiculturalism to interculturalism actually reduce negative opinions around immigration from citizens, separation, and racism in the society?

What are some possible plans to encourage the contacts between people from different cultural backgrounds in Australia?

Ayumi Kamijo

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Do you perceive the term 'post' in post-multiculturalism as the continuation of multiculturalism or a retreat from it? Why?

Is the focus on gender inequality and religion within traditional minorities affecting multiculturalism? (e.g. possibly suggesting that minority cultures are oppressive and coercive)

The increased emphasis on social coercion is arguably creating a perception of immigrants as a threat to national security and values, what multiculturalism policies could be implemented to curb this perception?

Michael N

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Discussion questions (priya

Did multiculturalism policies serve to control/alienate minority groups and regulate diversity in western liberal countries? Does this indicate that cultural diversity should be a ground-up initiative rather than than a TOP-down policy approach in this post-multiculturalism age?

Does interculturalism promote values that are more inclusive than multiculturalism? How does interculturalism navigate notions of national identity?

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Why are states failing to help migrants from Islamic nations adapt to a new country's culture?

What assumptions can be made about countries that have previously displayed a failed multiculturalist theory?

Should citizens be more willing to adapt to a new migrant's culture? Should we inherit their cultural differences to combine into a uniform culture?

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Q 1. What are the ways of resolving new forms of racism paradoxes?
Q 2. What are the examples of differences between multiculturalism models from country to country?
Q 3. What are the "racist practices beyond issues of race"? Could France's ban of hijab be the example?
Q 4. Why the currently dominant in certain country culture should be equalized with other cultures? What could be the potential consequinces?
Q 5. In the gender equality obsession aspect, why is it wrong to admit that some cultures incline women to be disadvantaged, e. g. Islamic culture?

- Irina Telipko

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1. Will intercultural policy succeed in managing differences and conflicts between existing and new cultures in society?
2. How is the role of global economic in encouraging or discouraging multiculturalism?

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Zapata-Barerro (2017) states that " The golden rule of intercultural citizenship is that through contacts people socialize in diversity and develop feelings of membership" - which is crucial for building trust and solidarity, which in turn develops social cohesion through a culture of diversity. Given the rise of populist nationalism, particularly in European states, interculturalist policies face greater political barriers. Is the ICP really a politically-viable policy option right now in Europe? If a concerted effort for this policy is to be attempted, and fail, will this have a disparaging impact on its future prospects of being applied in Europe or in other western states?

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-          Are critics of multiculturalism concerned about specific types of multiculturalism or are they concerned with all types of multiculturalism?

-          Why is there a presumption in Western countries that it is only Muslim groups that have problems with integration?

-          Is multiculturalism inherently more harmful or more beneficial to societies?

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Interculturalism is built on contact and communication, and it is assumed that all groups are working towards similar goals, but in the case when they aren't and groups are openly hostile towards each other or are distrustful - what can be done through increased contact? How are relationships mended? It seems simply increased contact might be too naive a policy direction to go down

Edward Stott

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The dichotomy between rights and duties is an interesting one - with the current debate centred around rights (the right to wear a burqa for example), has there been enough focus on the duties of an arriving individual to the host country? at what point do these duties become potentially overly-nationalistic or an infringement of their human rights?

Edward Stott

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In the first reading, there's an emphasis on religion being the new emphasis in multiculturalism. To what extent are migrants from other religions consulted in the process of developing policy regarding multiculturalism? Can it be altered/assessed to be more effective? 

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In the first reading, there's an emphasis on religion being the new emphasis in multiculturalism. To what extent are migrants from other religions consulted in the process of developing policy regarding multiculturalism? Can it be altered/assessed to be more effective? 

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Martin Isidro

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According to Gozdecka et al., all societies are shifting from multiculturalism to post-multiculturalism, which reaffirms mono-culturalism. If so, why did post-culticulturalism emerge? Did it emerge because of economic downturn? Or did it emerge because multiculturalism is inherently problematic and it induces people from different cultures to against each other? Is multiculturalism really achievable?

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Can the court system, and the totality of relevant jurisprudence, of a migrant receiving nation truly be criticised as contributing to a post-multicultural atmosphere? If a case is presented to a court whose result rests upon deference to 'constitutional traditions', what is the alternative outcome to be desired? Would not a legal ruling which showed disinterest in a nation's moral and legal character so as to find in favour of a migrant's claim also contribute to multicultural resentment, thereby defeating the purpose of the whole exercise outlined by Gozdecka et al (2014)?

-Matthew Bennett

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What exactly is multiculturalism as practiced in Australia?                     Is it a concrete concept of different cultures and backgrounds living together cohesively, or simply a way of describing our diverse society?   

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What exactly is multiculturalism as practiced in Australia?                     Is it a concrete concept of different cultures and backgrounds living together cohesively, or simply a way of describing our diverse society?   

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Miki

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What are the main differences between multiculturalism, post-multiculturalism and interculturalism? Historically, what were the benefits and driving forces behind multiculturalism, and why do researchers believe it is no longer working in Western societies? How do nationalism and xenophobia contribute to this issue?