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When someone loses a case, they may appeal that decision in a criminal case.

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A mistake by the judge as to the applicable law in a case. If the error was minor, the decision will not be reversed.

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The fair administration of justice.
Ensures that police, lawyers, judges, and jurors must follow the same basic procedures regardless of the defendant.

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One party presents arguments asking the court to revise the decision of the trial court. There will be no jury or witnesses, only lawyers appear before the judge.

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Majority Opinion-
States the decision of the court.

Dissenting Opinion-
A document issued by judges who disagree with the majority opinion.
Concurring Opinion-
A document issued by judges who agree with the majority opinion, but for different reasons than those used to support the majority opinion.

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A legal principle created by an appellate court decision that lower court judges must follow when deciding similar cases.

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A Latin term meaning “let the decision stand”; refers to the principle that courts should follow precedent.

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Able to overrule one of their earlier precedents.

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-Interpret and apply state laws
-Criminal, family, contract, and juvenile
-Cases with many-but not all-federal laws can be tried in state

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-Interpret/ apply local laws
-littering or parking violations

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Each state has its own court system.
General Jurisdiction-

Courts that are able to hear a wide variety of cases that deal with state or local law, the state constitution, or federal law or the federal constitution.

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Minor Courts- Specific types of legal issues
General Trial Courts- Wide variety of cases
Appeal Courts- For when someone wants to appeal a case

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-Supreme Court
Limited Jurisdiction-
Courts that generally hear cases that raise questions about a federal law or the federal constitution.

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The divisions under the United States Federal Courts system, grouped into 12 regional circuits, each of which has a federal court of appeals, also called a U.S. Circuit Court.

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-About 852 judges
-Appointed by the president and confirmed by Senate
-Constitution protects the independence of these court judges