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Behind the wall on the East German side was a so-called “Death Strip” a gauntlet of soft sand to show footprints, floodlights, vicious dogs, trip-wire machine guns and patrolling soldiers with orders to shoot escapees on sight.

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The construction of the Berlin Wall did stop the flood of refugees from East to West, and it did defuse the crisis over Berlin.Over time, East German officials replaced the makeshift wall with one that was sturdier and more difficult to scale. A 12-foot-tall, 4-foot-wide mass of reinforced concrete was topped with an enormous pipe that made climbing over nearly impossible.

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The Berlin Wall was made in august 13, 1961 during the early years of the cold war, West Berlin was a geographical loophole through which thousands of East Germans fled to the democratic West.

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In just two weeks, the East German army, police force and volunteer construction workers had completed a makeshift barbed wire and concrete block wall the Berlin Wall that divided one side of the city from the other.

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The Berlin Wall was actually two walls...

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The Berlin Wall was actually two walls...

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The 27-mile portion of the barrier separating Berlin into east and west consisted of two concrete walls between which was a “death strip” up to 160 yards wide that contained hundreds of watchtowers, miles of anti-vehicle trenches, guard dog runs, floodlights and trip-wire machine guns.

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On August 13, 1961, the Communist government of the German Democratic Republic began to build a barbed wire and concrete between East and West Berlin. The official purpose of this Berlin Wall was to keep Western people from entering East Germany.

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After a decade of relative calm tensions flared again in 1958. For the next three years, the Soviets emboldened by the successful launch of the Sputnik satellite the year before and embarrassed by the seemingly endless flow of refugees from east to west nearly 3 million since the end of the blockade, many of them young skilled workers such as doctors, teachers and engineers blustered and made threats, while the Allies resisted.

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As World War 2 came to an end in 1945, a pair of Allied peace conferences at Yalta and Potsdam determined the fate of Germany’s territories. They split the defeated nation into four allied occupation zones.The eastern part of the country went to the Soviet Union, while the western part went to the United States, Great Britain and eventually France.