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Dr Emily Porter of NUI Galway describes how she and her fellow researchers are working on a device that could improve the lives of 200m people worldwide.

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Dr Emily Porter of NUI Galway describes how she and her fellow researchers are working on a device that could improve the lives of 200m people worldwide.

The west coast of Ireland is a hotbed of medtech research and the Translational Medical Device Lab at the Lambe Institute of Translational Research, NUI Galway is among those leading the charge.

One of those working there is Dr Emily Porter who, since 2015, has been a postdoctoral researcher with the lab and whose current research interests include novel electromagnetic-based technologies for therapeutics and diagnostics.

She received her bachelor's, master's and PhD in electrical engineering from McGill University in Montreal, Canada in 2009, 2010 and 2015, respectively.

Her PhD research involved bringing a breast health monitoring device through inception to the first clinical trials in the world for such a device.

Since 2010, Porter has published almost 70 papers, garnering her more than 400 citations and has been involved in a number of industrial and academic collaborations, including partnerships with the multinational Keysight Technologies.

What inspired you to become a researcher?

As a young child in Canada, I remember my dad - an engineering physicist - always working to fix or improve things. When I got older, we 'invented' things together, such as one time designing and building a special heater especially for warming up your mittens during the winter!

At the same time, my mum was a nurse in the technology-rich specialty of haemodialysis, a treatment which helps to clean the blood when the kidneys fail in this function.

From hearing about stories from the hospital, combined with my hands-on experimenting hobby, I thought the perfect field for me would merge both of these areas of expertise!

Can you tell us about the research you're currently working on?

One of the projects I'm working on at the moment is a multi-disciplinary collaboration between engineering, medicine and psychology.

Our fantastic team includes Dr Geraldine Leader (psychology), Dr Martin O'Halloran (engineering and medicine), Dr Adam Santorelli (postdoc in engineering), and Eoghan Dunne (PhD student in engineering) at NUI Galway.

Together, we are working on developing a discreet wearable bladder monitor that can provide an alert when the bladder is approaching full.

In this way, people with urinary incontinence - such as those with spinal injuries, the elderly or children with bedwetting difficulties - can proactively void their bladder before accidents occur.

This condition affects an incredible 200m people worldwide.

Funded by the charity Respect and the EU, this technology will significantly support and facilitate toilet training for children with autism and intellectual disabilities.

The bladder monitor that we are working on today will allow children to become independent faster, while maintaining their dignity and improving their self-confidence.

While most of the medical devices I've worked on would be used in a hospital or clinic, this one is unique as it could be used widely at home.

What commercial applications do you foresee for your research?

In the Translational Medical Device Lab, we try to focus on doing research on devices that have clear-cut clinical needs, while simultaneously meeting the requirements for commercialisation of the device, including a good-sized market, a strong demonstration of technical functionality, reasonable clinical burden of proof, and so on.

In order for medical devices to reach patients, we need them to be commercialised by industry. Therefore, it is important that we consider commercialisation needs early in the medical device development process. This ensures that we spend our time working on devices that have the most potential to reach patients.

What are some of the biggest challenges you face as a researcher in your field?

Working as a researcher in the medical device field, one of the biggest challenges is the multi-disciplinary nature of the task.

To identify a good idea for a medical device, we often need to work with doctors, clinicians, nurses, and patients. Then, in order to develop the device, we may need to work with electrical and mechanical engineers, along with experts in anatomy, biology, and physiology.

Bringing together experts from all of the right areas is a challenge, but it is also very needed and worthwhile - the more people who have input on the device, the more likely it is to succeed.

Are there any common misconceptions about this area of research?

I think most people don't realise how new widespread research into medical devices really is.

Throughout the 21st century, research on pharmaceuticals and drugs was exceedingly more common than research on medical devices. For example, the most recent imaging technique to be introduced in hospitals is magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) from the late 1970s!

It's only in recent years that the field of medical devices has really gotten exciting. That being said, I think medical device research is here to stay.

What are some of the areas of research you'd like to see tackled in the years ahead?

I am interested in 'theranostic' technologies, ie technologies that could diagnose and treat disease at the same time, or with the same device.

Today, if a patient sees a doctor and is told that they have cancer, it can be many weeks before treatment starts, creating an undue amount of stress for the patient.

Imagine if at the moment the cancer is diagnosed, the patient could be given an initial treatment using the same equipment as that which was used in the diagnosis. This would be a huge saving in terms of hospital costs, with fewer patient visits needed and therefore less doctor time spent, but it could also lead to better treatment outcomes and a boost in morale for patients.

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'It's only in recent years that medical devices have really gotten exciting'

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Dr Emily Porter of NUI Galway describes how she and her fellow researchers are working on a device that could improve the lives of 200m people worldwide. The west coast of Ireland is a hotbed of medtech research and the Translational Medical Device Lab at the Lambe Institute of Translational Research, NUI Galway is among those leading the charge.

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The partners are Japan, Canada, Russia, South Africa, the United Arab Emirates, Poland, Argentina and Romania.

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COPENHAGEN (Reuters) - The United States is leading an initiative with several other governments to promote nuclear power and encourage investment in new nuclear technologies.

The initiative, launched on Thursday by U.S. Deputy Secretary of Energy Dan Brouillette with international partners, aims to "highlight the value of nuclear energy as a clean reliable energy source".

The partners are Japan, Canada, Russia, South Africa, the United Arab Emirates, Poland, Argentina and Romania.

The U.S. nuclear industry is battling competition particularly from natural gas, while many national governments want to reduce their dependency on the energy source after the nuclear accident at Japan's Fukushima plant in 2011.

The group of nations aims to promote areas such as improved power system integration and the development of technologies like hybrid nuclear-renewable systems.

"Nuclear-renewable systems could link emission-free nuclear power plants with variable renewables like solar or wind farms and could allow nuclear power to backstop intermittent generation," Brouillette said during the launch at the Clean Energy Ministerial (CEM) in Copenhagen.

CEM is a global forum of 24 countries and the European Union which together account for 75 percent of global greenhouse gas emissions.

Brouillette said the initiative would also focus on the development of small modular reactors (SMR), which use existing or new nuclear technology scaled down to a fraction of the size of larger plants and would be able to produce around a tenth of the electricity created by large-scale projects.

Critics say SMR economies of scale will be limited because each reactor will need its own control and safety systems. They also point to the danger of spreading radioactive material more widely, increasing radiation and security risks.

The administration of President Donald Trump also launched an alliance with Norway and Saudi Arabia to boost public and private partnerships on carbon capture, utilization and storage (CCUS).

Earlier this month, Japan released a draft of an updated basic energy policy, leaving its ideal mix of power sources for 2030 in line with targets set three years ago, despite criticism that it placed too much emphasis on unpopular nuclear power.

To view a graphic on Nuclear power plants in the world , click: tmsnrt.rs/2sKlV1X

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U.S. and partners form international alliance to push nuclear power

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COPENHAGEN (Reuters) - The United States is leading an initiative with several other governments to promote nuclear power and encourage investment in new nuclear technologies. The initiative, launched on Thursday by U.S. Deputy Secretary of Energy Dan Brouillette with international partners, aims to "highlight the value of nuclear energy as a clean reliable energy source".

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Flow of technology increases because of the several ways it spreads

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Flow of technology increases because of the several ways it spreads

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Eg: News are spread by different ways of communication

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international alliance to stop child porn

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Illustration used for representation only

NEW DELHI: In a bid to crack down on online child sexual abuse material (CSAM), rape imagery and other offensive pornographic material, the government has decided to coordinate with various agencies and support efforts for an international alliance to ensure full protection to women and children from cyber crimes which know no boundaries.

After a meeting of stakeholders, women and child development minister Maneka Gandhi said it had been decided to build an international alliance "within three months" in view of rising complaints of cyber crime.

The minister shared that as per information shared by social media platform Facebook at the consultation, they have removed some 21 lakh offensive images from their platform.

WhatsApp turns out to be most common source of sharing such material. She has also asked micro-blogging site Twitter to prepare a list of words that are being used in tweets and falls in the category of offensive.

She also emphasised on an online central reporting mechanism and a mechanism for real time removal/blocking of offensive material. With the home ministry preparing to make functional its centralised portal and helpline to receive complaints of child pornography, rape/gangrape, she has also decided to get down to defining "pornography" with special focus on "child pornography".

"It is important to sign MoUs with agencies and alliances working to combat child sexual abuse material and pornography internationally," she said. The minister pointed out that the MHA has agreed to explore how these tie-ups can be done and CBI will be the pivotal agency in framing MoUs with the international agencies. Training workshops for analysts who will be scrutinitising complaints and the offensive content are also planned. The multi-stakeholder group will meet again in 45 days.

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India to build international alliance to curb child porn - Times of India

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Illustration used for representation only NEW DELHI: In a bid to crack down on online child sexual abuse material (CSAM), rape imagery and other offensive pornographic material, the government has decided to coordinate with various agencies and support efforts for an international alliance to ensure full protection to women and children from cyber crimes which know no boundaries.

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INTERNET ADDICTION – HOW MUCH IS TOO MUCH TIME ON THE INTERNET?

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INTERNET ADDICTION – HOW MUCH IS TOO MUCH TIME ON THE INTERNET?

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https://centerforparentingeducation.org/library-of-articles/kids-and-technology/how-much-time-internet-kids/

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Flow of technology has increased due to its benefits

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Flow of technology has increased due to its benefits

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Sundar Pichai lays down Google's AI policy; will work with governments, military but won't weaponise AI

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Sundar Pichai lays down Google's AI policy; will work with governments, military but won't weaponise AI

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https://www.businesstoday.in/technology/news/sundar-pichai-google-ai-policy-work-governments-military-weaponise-ai/story/278736.html

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How the growth of free  Wi-Fi is transforming life in Africa

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How the growth of free  Wi-Fi is transforming life in Africa

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Ruckus Wireless is calling 2014 the "watershed year" for Wi-Fi, with the company predicting the number of hotspots across the world will increase to 5.8 million by next year, an increase of 350 per cent from the number in 2011.

In Africa, the trend is towards providing citizens with free Wi-Fi in order to boost economic activity and education, in line with McKinsey's projection that if internet penetration grows in the same way as that of mobile phones on the continent, it could contribute as much as 10 per cent - $300 billion - of the continent's total GDP by 2025.

The provision of free Wi-Fi is becoming a continent-wide trend. In Kenya, the county of Nakuru is offering residents free access through a partnership between the State House Digital Team and the county government, at the reported cost of US$2 million.

Rwanda's Smart Kigali initiative provides designated free Wi-Fi hotspots around the capital. The Murtala Muhammad Airport Two (MMA2) in Lagos provides free access for passengers through a public-private partnership, while Nigerian operator Visafone has launched a free service for its customers in stores across the country.

However, South Africa is way ahead of the rest of providing free access to citizens, with both the public and private sectors assisting in rollouts across the country. Free hotspots are so widespread that a website has been set up to display all the free hotspots in the country.

The site currently lists more than 2,000 spots in 60 cities, in a country where universal access is a high-level concern and Wi-Fi plays a crucial role. Even the notoriously untechnical ruling party the African National Congress (ANC) thought to include free Wi-Fi access as a plank in its election manifesto, while local governments and private companies are initiating rollouts.

Better living through Wi-Fi

The reasons for these rollouts are clear, according to Alan Knott-Craig Jr, who runs Project Isizwe, a non-profit organisation that now has deployments in three South African municipalities, serving 20,000 people in Robertson, 20,000 in Atlantis, and 1.15 million in the City of Tshwane, with the latter also set to see the deployment of network capacity for a further 2 million users in its townships by May next year.

"The World Bank says that for every 10 per cent of broadband penetration a country's GDP grows by 1.28 per cent," Knott-Craig says. "More tangibly, free Wi-Fi in townships allows the unemployed to look for jobs online and email CVs. Without internet access how do people find out about jobs or submit CVs?

Education is obviously the other major benefit of free Wi-Fi, as kids and older students can study online, download textbooks, and generally access information about the world. How do you learn if your teachers are on strike and you have no internet access?"

After the initial high-profile rollout in Tshwane at the end of last year, Project Isizwe subsequently partnered with the Western Cape government to launch its free service in Robertson and Atlantis, part of a ZAR1.3 billion (US$122 million) plan to connect the whole of the province to free internet.

"Residents of Atlantis will now have an opportunity to connect to the internet to access a range of opportunities including finding jobs, start and expanding businesses and completing school projects," said Western Cape premier Helen Zille at the launch, while minister of economic opportunities Alan Winde said the project was an attempt to tackle the high cost of bandwidth, which had previously restricted internet access for many South Africans.

Knott-Craig believes government commitment to the rollout of free Wi-Fi is pivotal.

"Without government, it's impossible. The communities being covered have limited disposable income," he said. "Internet access should be classified as a basic service, along with water and electricity, and as with other utilities, everyone should be entitled to a free daily quota, paid for by government."

He said a number of different trends have resulted in the sudden surge in political support for free Wi-Fi hotspots.

"Smartphone penetration has passed the 50 per cent household mark, fibre networks are now nationwide, and Wi-Fi equipment prices have dropped dramatically," Knott-Craig said. "The result is that government funded Wi-Fi is economically feasible - no need to fund devices, lower bandwidth prices, low capex costs."

The private sector is also playing a role in South Africa, however. Internet service provider MWEB has been providing free Wi-Fi in various locations across Cape Town, as have local startups Skyrove and e-Mbizo, while Project Isizwe itself has partnered with classifieds platform Gumtree. Knott-Craig says internet break-out providers such as Neotel and local wireless internet service providers (WISPs) are the key participants.

"Neotel provides pricing at aggressive rates because they can see the potential for future business in the event government chooses to accelerate deployments," he said. "The WISPs are the implementation partners, and with their frugality the cost of deployment would simply be unfeasible for the government to fund."

Knott-Craig testifies to the increasing trends towards free Wi-Fi provision in South Africa through the ease with which his organisation is now able to obtain funding and partners in rolling out free hotspots across the country.

"Originally Isizwe was funded by myself and my partners, at risk, on the basis that we promised to deploy free Wi-Fi in townships at a certain price, and if it didn't meet the municipality's expectations they didn't have to refund us," he said.

"With the success of Western Cape and Phase 1 & 2 of Tshwane Free Wi-Fi, we are now fully funded by the respective public administrations. We've also been fortunate to find sponsors like Gumtree, that support our efforts to bridge the digital divide."
Image credit: Still from Project Isizwe video
This post is part of our contributor series. The views expressed are the author's own and not necessarily shared by TNW.

Read next: YouTube is considering offering an ad-free subscription package

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Free Wi-Fi is Transforming Life in Africa

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Ruckus Wireless is calling 2014 the "watershed year" for Wi-Fi, with the company predicting the number of hotspots across the world will increase to 5.8 million by next year, an increase of 350 per cent from the number in 2011.

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The World Wide Web arrives (1994)
Post moves into the digital age (1995 - 1999)
The emergence of social networking (2000 - 2004)
The smart phone revolution (2005 - 2009)
Using the internet for social good (2010 - 2014)

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Free trade agreement (argued whether it is good or bad)

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Vienna Says Will Grant Citizenship to Descendants of Austrian Holocaust Victims

Austrian government says 200,000 people would be eligible in plan aimed at building trust with Israel amid criticism of coalition partners' Nazi roots

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Agreement on the Prevention of Nuclear War

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Agreement on the Prevention of Nuclear War

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Created to reduce the danger of nuclear war between the United States and the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics.

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Latin American Free Trade Association

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China Outpaces US in Arms Supply to Pakistan

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China Outpaces US in Arms Supply to Pakistan

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From rifles to combat aircraft and warships, China has become the dominant supplier of weapons to Pakistan, Bangladesh and Myanmar, according to the latest report by the Stockholm International Peace Research Institute (SIPRI).

Titled "Trends in International Arms Transfer, 2017" the report reflects on the major change in the geopolitical sphere of South Asia. Weapons sales to Pakistan by the United States have dropped by 76 percent in the past five years, according to the report.

China has become the biggest supplier of arms to India's archrival neighbor, providing 35 percent of its arms to Pakistan from 2013 to 2017.

According to the report, the United States, Russia, Germany, France and China are currently importing 74 percent of the weapons around the globe, which makes them the largest arms importers globally.

The report said the United States was once the largest exporter of weapons to Pakistan. But recent tensions between the two countries have significantly affected arms sales, particularly from 2013 to 2017, when there has been a large decrease in arms transfers from the U.S. to Pakistan.

Relations between the U.S. and Pakistan deteriorated after a November 2011 incident in which 26 Pakistani troops were killed in NATO attacks on two military checkpoints. Pakistan retaliated by closing both of its borders into Afghanistan, effectively suspending NATO supply convoys through the country to its land-locked neighbor.

The Trump administration has accused Pakistan of supporting militant groups that launch attacks across the border into Afghanistan, accusations that Pakistan denies.

Pakistani officials say geopolitics demand that the country should not be relying on the U.S. only when it comes to security needs.

Talking to VOA, Pakistani professor Zafar Jaspal said Pakistan wants to be self-sufficient in making small weapons, and that's the country's foremost effort.

"Pakistan's reliance on just one country has not been a fruitful experience," Jaspal said. "Therefore, the shift in the foreign policy now demands that the weapon import of Pakistan should be multinational."

The SIPRI report said China provides 70 percent of weapons to Pakistan. The U.S. is the second-largest arms supplier with 12 percent, while Russia is third with 5.7 percent.

Jaspal said Pakistan is not only importing weapons from China, but the two countries are exchanging technology, as well.

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голос америки

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China Outpaces US in Arms Supply to Pakistan

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From rifles to combat aircraft and warships, China has become the dominant supplier of weapons to Pakistan, Bangladesh and Myanmar, according to the latest report by the Stockholm International Peace Research Institute (SIPRI). Titled "Trends in International Arms Transfer, 2017" the report reflects on the major change in the geopolitical sphere of South Asia.

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Changes in world politics and in technology have led to an explosive growth of international capital flows in recent years, particularly to the emerging market countries and to the nations of eastern and central Europe and the former Soviet Union.

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Exports & Imports in Peru  (2003 - 2018) 

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Exports & Imports in Peru  (2003 - 2018) 

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Of fruit and vegetables.

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Capital flows refer to the movement of money for the purpose of investment, trade or business production, including the flow of capital within corporations in the form of investment capital, capital spending on operations and research and development (R&D).

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TORONTO (Reuters) - Canada's retaliation against U.S. President Donald Trump's steel and aluminum tariffs includes proposed duties on maple syrup, a nod to a national symbol and a powerful industry in the French-speaking province of Quebec that could hurt producers in Maine.

While small in dollar value, the tariff shows how Canada's retaliation has turned a dispute over metals into a broader conflict, touching many sectors.

Quebec, Canada's second-largest province by population,

accounted for about 72 percent of the world's production in 2017, but U.S producers were eating into Canada's market share.

Vermont is the biggest syrup producer in the United States, but most of Canada's imports come from Maine, according to data from Statistics Canada.

"The government here is trying to have maximum political impact, so that members of Congress, whether senators or congress-people, put pressure on Trump to say look, this is hurting us," said Patrick Leblond, a trade expert at the University of Ottawa.

Canada last week proposed tariffs on goods ranging from ball point pens, to mattresses to toilet paper, after the United States said it would impose 25 percent and 10 percent duties on Canadian steel and aluminum.

The list also includes a 10 percent duty on maple sugar and syrup. In 2017, Canada imported C$16.9 million ($13.1 million)worth of those goods, three-quarters of which came from Maine.

Because Canadian trade data combines sugar and syrup, it is not clear what proportion of Maine's syrup was exported. The state produced about 3.5 million kilograms (7.7 million lbs) of syrup in 2017, according to the U.S. Department of Agriculture.

A Canadian government source, speaking broadly about how targets were chosen, said the government sought products that could be found easily outside the United States, and focused on final goods to avoid distorting supply chains.

With only four electoral votes, Maine does not have the political clout of large swing states targeted by the tariffs, like Florida. But one of the state's senators is Susan Collins, a Republican, who has repeatedly criticized Trump.

Lyle Merrifield, president of the Maine Maple Producers Association, said he does not expect the tariff to have a huge impact, but he criticized Trump's tariffs.

"I think it's unfortunate," he said. "I think it's a little ridiculous, really. I don't blame Canada for doing it back."

The Federation of Quebec Maple Syrup Producers controls the market, issuing quotas and maintaining a Global Strategic Maple Syrup Reserve, which stockpiles syrup to stabilize prices.

The industry directly supports about 10,000 full-time jobs in Quebec, which has a provincial election scheduled later this year.

Alexandre Moreau, who wrote a critical report about the quota system for the conservative institute earlier this year, said the tariff will help the Federation amid growing imports from the United States, where prices have dropped.

"It becomes cheaper and cheaper to import U.S. maple syrup," he said. "In the long run, it's kind of worrisome for Quebec producers."

($1 = 1.2933 Canadian dollars)

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With maple syrup tariff, Canada-U.S. trade dispute spills beyond...

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TORONTO (Reuters) - Canada's retaliation against U.S. President Donald Trump's steel and aluminum tariffs includes proposed duties on maple syrup, a nod to a national symbol and a powerful industry in the French-speaking province of Quebec that could hurt producers in Maine.

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what it is

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The majority of the East African country's population is subscribed to a mobile payment service, and the most popular choice is M-Pesa, which celebrates its 10th anniversary in March 2017.

M-Pesa -- "pesa" means "money" in Swahili -- has made a dramatic impact over this time.

The system was launched by Vodafone's Safaricom mobile operator in 2007 as a simple method of texting small payments between users. Today there are 30 million users in 10 countries and a range of services including international transfers, loans, and health provision. The system processed around 6 billion transactions in 2016 at a peak rate of 529 per second.

M-Pesa is also lauded for its social value; offering opportunities for small businesses, and playing a significant role in reducing poverty.

There have been bumps in the road -- the service was withdrawn from South Africa after poor performance -- but M-Pesa's first decade has been a success story.

New challenges

The next decade will bring new challenges for the mobile payment system.

Safaricom CEO Bob Collymore says it a priority to refine the user experience and offer new services.

"One of the big problems has been the relative clumsiness of using M-Pesa," he told CNN.

New streamlined solutions include a debit card that will allow users to tap and pay, and a new mobile app.

The service will face stronger competition in the coming years. The Kenya Bankers Association -- representing 46 banks -- is introducing its own mobile payment platform that will allow convenient transfers between accounts at different banks, and the group hopes this will eat into M-Pesa's market share.

"Given the economics of the product, I think you'll find customers moving over and preferring to use our product," says Habil Olaka, CEO of the Kenya Banker's Association.

Look after the pennies

The Safaricom CEO says he welcomes the banks' intervention as he believes it will drive innovation and benefit the consumer.

"We always used to say that cash is the enemy," says Collymore. "Holding cash doesn't make sense. As soon as you put it in the mattress, it loses value."

"We are not attacking the banks; we're working with the banks...If other people are finding solutions for problems, then that's also cool."

But financial analyst Aly-Khan Satchu of Rich Management believes that competitors will struggle to displace a service that has put down deep roots.

"Are the (banks) going to be able to dislodge M-Pesa? I'm not so sure. It's ubiquitous, it's everywhere," he says. "I think they're going to struggle."

Perhaps in recognition of this challenge, Olaka says the Bankers' Association will be targeting payments that exceed M-Pesa's maximum transaction of 70,000 Kenyan Shillings ($675).

Collymore is happy to maintain focus on the other end of the market. Micro-payments drove M-Pesa to a position of dominance and the CEO has faith that the same model can sustain success into a second decade.

"We target the one shilling," he says. "The banking sector across the world has always ignored the so-called base of the pyramid. We haven't because we understand that the base of the pyramid needs to be served and there's also commercial viability in doing that."

CNN's Anastasia Beltyukova contributed to this report.

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how m-pesa changed banking in africa - cnn

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M-Pesa: Kenya's mobile success story turns 10

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The majority of the East African country's population is subscribed to a mobile payment service, and the most popular choice is M-Pesa, which celebrates its 10th anniversary in March 2017. M-Pesa -- "pesa" means "money" in Swahili -- has made a dramatic impact over this time.

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TOPIC 4: RAPID AND WIDESPREAD DIFFUSION OF TECHNOLOGY

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TOPIC 4: RAPID AND WIDESPREAD DIFFUSION OF TECHNOLOGY