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Mycobacterium Tuberculosis image under the microscope.

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Sometimes the TB skin test is not accurate. Sometimes, it suggests that people have TB when they really don't. It can also indicate that people don't have TB when they really do.

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Tuberculosis is a bacterial disease. It mainly effects the lungs by the growth of the tubercles in the tissues, but if it worsens it can effect other parts of the body. It is estimated that two billion are infected with mycobacterium tuberculosis, which is the bacteria that causes the disease known as Tuberculosis. Tuberculosis along with HIV are two of the most deadly infectious diseases. This disease is most often abbreviated as TB.

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It is possible to have the bacteria (mycobacterium tuberculosis that causes TB in your system without knowing it or having the symptoms. There are two different categories of TB. They consist of latent TB and active TB. With the latent type, you will not experience symptoms and is not contagious at this point. It is important to treat it then so it does not form into active TB. Active TB is contagious and makes you very sick. It can occur right after you are exposed the bacteria or even years later.

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Coughing that lasts three or more weeks, coughing up blood, chest pain, chest pain with breathing, unintentional weight loss, fatigue, fever, night sweats, chills, and a loss of appetite are many symptoms associated with tuberculosis. It can begin to infect other parts of the body like the brain or kidneys. If infection occurs in the kidneys, there may be blood in the urine.

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Transmission of the disease has to be prevented. If someone has active TB, stay clear of them until they have taken medication for many months. Coughing etiquettes must also be put into effect. The BCG vaccination is also used to prevent it. The BCG vaccine has been shown to provide children with excellent protection against the disseminated forms of TB. However, protection against pulmonary TB in adults is variable. Since most transmission originates from adult cases of pulmonary TB, the BCG vaccine is generally used to protect children. This vaccination will result in a positive read during a TB skin test. Treating latent TB is also a great way to prevent TB. Stay at home, ventilate the room, cover your mouth, and wear a mask to avoid this disease.

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The bacteria that cause tuberculosis are spread from one person to another through tiny droplets released into the air via coughing, sneezing, speaking, laughs, spits, or sings. Anyone can get the disease if they come in contact with droplets from an infected person. This disease does not discriminate and it is contagious.

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There are medicines to treat tuberculosis. Treating TB takes much longer than treating other types of bacterial infections. With tuberculosis, you must take antibiotics for at least six to nine months. Isoniazid, Rifampin (Rifadin, Rimactane), Ethambutol (Myambutol), and Pyrazinamide are the most common medicines used to treat TB. Even after taking the medicine for a few weeks and the patient begins to feel better, it is important to continue taking the medicine until it is completely gone.

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This is a very common way to determine if someone has TB. The test is done by inserting 0.1mL of of liquid containing 5 TU (tuberculin units) PPD (purified protein derivative) into the top layers of skin of the forearm. It should be read from 48-72 hours later. If the skin is swollen, the test is positive. If the skin looks normal, the test is negative.

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This shows a chest x-ray of tuberculosis.