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The overall interest in astronomy stemmed from many of the Five Pillars: fasting during Ramadan, performing hajj, and praying toward Mecca. Muslims needed a correct lunar calendar to mark these religious events.

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The Armillary Sphere was a useful invention created by Muslims to be able to track the time of day and year. This machine would align its mechanical rings to the stars and was used to track and observe their locations in the sky.

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Muslim traders and sailors could additionally use the stars as a way to track locations and act as a map to travel to far cities. This investigation of stars was mainly used as a geographical tool to pinpoint Mecca.

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The Astrolabe was another useful tool to track the stars. It contained a fixed "plate" with a sketch of the constellations and a rotating "rete" to make measurements. Some of these tools could track the time of day, celestial events, and locations in relation to Mecca.

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Specific buildings to the designation of astronomy and science were created in the Muslim Empire. They were used as observation studios where scientists could use their tools to track the stars.