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A tariff is a kind of fax on goods a country import or exports

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A sum of money granted by the government or a public body ot assist an industry of business so that the price of a commodity or service may remain low or competitive. Also, is a parliamentary grant to the sovereign for state needs.

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Belief in the benefits of profitable trading (commercialism). The economic theory that trade generates wealth and is stimulated by the accumulation of profitable balances, which a government should encourage by means of protectionism.

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The doctrine that kings derive their right to rule directly from God and are not accountable to their subjects. Rebellion is the worst of political crimes. The doctrine of the divine right of kings was enunciated by the Stuarts in Britain in the 16th century.

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King of France from 1643 to 1715. His long reign was marked by the expansion of French influence in Europe and by the magnificence of his court and the Palace of Versailles. Was an important leader and King in France.

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A line of hereditary rulers of a country.

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Was signed in April 1598 by King Henry IV of France, granted the Calvinist Protestants of France. In the Edict Henry aimed primarily to promote civil unity.

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The Middle Passage was the stage of the triangular trade in which millions of Africans were forcibly transported to the New World as a part of the Atlantic slave trade. The Africans would be loaded onto ships and transported.

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Was an emperor of the Mali Empire during the 14th century. He became emperor in 1312. He was the first African ruler to be widely known throughout Europe and the Middle East, and is regarded as the richest person to have ever lived.

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A type of religious belief that focuses on the roles of the various gods and spirits in the natural world and in human events. Animist religions are polytheistic and have been practiced in almost every part of the world.

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A republic in West Africa.

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Any of several dipteran flies that occur in Africa south of the Sahara.

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A pattern of colonial commerce in which slaves were bought on the African Gold Coast with New England rum and then traded in the West Indies for sugar or molasses, which was bought back to New England to be manufactured into rum.

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Belief in the benefits of profitable trading. Sometimes refereed to as Commercialism.

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The Seven Years War was a global war fought between 1756 and 1763. It involved all five European great powers of the time plus many of the middle powers and spanned five continents, affecting Europe, the Americas, West Africa, India, and the Philippines.

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A natural object with which an individual, clan, or group identifies itself-used as a symbol of the group or clan's unity and helped define certain behaviors and the social relationships of a group.

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Was a Spanish conquistador and explorer who defeated the Aztecs and claimed Mexico for Spain. He set sail to the New World at the age of 19. Also explored central america.

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A payment by one ruler/nation to another in acknowledgement of submission, protection or respect/superiority.

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Named after Christopher Columbus. Was the widespread transfer of plants, animals, culture, human populations, technology, diseases, and ideas between the Americas, West Africa, and the old World in the 15th and 16th centuries.

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The Treaty of Tordesillas was a treaty between Portugal and Spain in 1494 in which they decided to divide all the land in the Americas between the two of them.

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Was a nobleman and a Portuguese explorer. He became the first European mariner to round the southern tip of Africa.

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A country or area under the full or partial political control of another country, typically a distant one, and occupied by settlers from that country.

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The council of the Roman Catholic Church that met between 1545 and 1563 at Trent in S Tyrol. Reacting against the protestants, it reaffirmed traditional Catholic beliefs and formulated the ideals of the Counter-Reformation.

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All events have been willed by God usually with reference eventual fate of the individual soul.

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A religious movement of the 16th century that began as an attempt to reform the Roman Catholic Church and resulted in the creation of Protestant churches.

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In the word of the Catholic Church. Reduces the punishment for sins.

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Italian statesman and political philosopher. He is best known work is The Prince which advises rulers that the acquisition and effective use of power may necessitate unethical methods.

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A renaissance cultural movement which turned away from mideval scholastic and revived interest in Ancient Greek and Roman thought.

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A machine for printing text or pictures from type or plates. Allowed people to communicate from around the world. This was a revolutionary invention that benefited everybody.

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Identification of one's own nation and support of it's interests, especially to the exclusion or detirement of the interests of other nations.

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Was a mid eval peasant who claiming to receive visions of God. Turned the tide of the 100 years war in favor of a French victory. She was canonized as a Roman Catholic saint.

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A large bow drawn by hand and shooting a feathered arrow. It was a weapon used before guns.

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A religious discipline.

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The use of toxins on biological origin or microorganisms as weapons of war.

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The transition of hunter-gatherer's to settled agricultural societies which occurred in the Middle East around 10,000 years ago, bringing about the domestication of animals and the cultivation of crops.

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Consisted of the creation of a European economy based on trade. This began in the 11th century and lasted until it was succeeded in the 18th century.

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An association of craftsmen or merchants often having considerable power.

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A system of land cultivation under which the common land is divided into 3 parts of which one or two in rotation lie fallow in each year and the rest are cultivated.

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A language or dialect spoken by ordinary people in a particular country or region.

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A university is an institution of education that requires you to learn. That study's different fields.

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The Renaissance was the period in Europe between the 14th and 17th centuries when there was a surge of interest in and production of art and literature. The word Renaissance means "rebirth".

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Was an organization established in Spain by Ferdinand & Isabella in Spain that lasted from 1478-1834. The inquisition had jurisdiction in Spain over baptized Christians. This Inquisition was created to help maintain a religious unity in Spain.

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This was English Reconquest, in Medieval Spain & Portugal. A series of campaigns by Christian states to recapture territory from the Muslims. Who had occupied most of the Iberian Peninsula in the early 8th Century.

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Was a military and political leader who as sultan (or leader) led Islamic forces during the Crusades.

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Was a pope from March 12 1088 to March to his death in 1099. He was a native of France. He was also a descendant of a noble family.

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To tithe is to make a contribution to your church or religious institution through some of your income. Kind of like a donation to your church.

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The action of officially excluding someone from participation in the sacraments and services of the Christian Church.

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Buying or selling of something spiritual or closely connected with the spiritual. Selling of church positions.

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A sudden, violent, and illegal seizure of power from a government.

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A member of the Turkish infantry forming the Sultan's guard between the 14th and 19th centuries.

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The most common form of plague in humans, characterized by fever, delirium, and the formation of buboes. Killed many people the source was rats.

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The breach between the Eastern and Western churches. During which rival popes reigned at Rome and Avignon.

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A military system that in which land was granted to farmers who in return would provide the Empire with loyal soldiers.

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Wasan incendiary weapon used by the Eastern Roman empire. Was first used by the Greeks besieged in Constantinople.

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The legal code of ancient Rome. The basis for many modern systems of civil law.

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The art and practice of conducting negotiations between nations.

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Was the capital of the Roman Empire. It was named by Constantine.

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Refers to the land routes connecting East Asia and Southeast Asia. Where it allowed trade to different locations.

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The unlawful use of violence and intimidation, especially against civilians, in the pursuit of political aims.

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Using short surprise attacks, withdrawing before the enemy can respond in force.

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Mongolian emperor whose empire stretched from the Black Sea to the Pacific Ocean.

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A clan is a group of people united by actual or perceived kinship and descent.

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A steppe is a dry, grassy plain. Steppas occur in temperate climates, which lie between the tropics and polar regions.

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A native or inhabitant of Mongolia.

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The way of life of many people on the outskirts of civilizations who occupy land that can be formed.

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A system of government in which most of the important decisions are made by state officials rather by elected officials.

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An explosive consisting of a mixture of saltpeter, sulfur, and charcoal.

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Is the system and technology of printing and typography that uses moveable components to reproduce the elements on paper.

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A group of people with somewhat different religious beliefs.

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A struggle or fight against the enemies of Islam.

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Islamic law or sharia law is a religious law forming part of the Islamic tradition.

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The Islamic sacred book believed to be the word of God as dictated to Muhammad by the archangel Gabriel and written down in Arabic.

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Was an arab religious, social, and political leader and founder of Islam.

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The faith, practice, and church order of the Roman Catholic Church.

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The act or process of surrounding and attacking a fortified place in such a way as to isolate it from help and supplies.

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A large building, typically of the medieval period, fortified against attack with thick walls, battlements, towers, and in many cases a moat.

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A man who served his sovereign or lord as a mounted soldier in armor.

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Was an economic and social system of medieval Europe.

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Is a person who is forced to work on a plot of land, especially during the medieval period when Europe practiced feudalism, when a few lords owned all the land and everyone else had to toil on it.

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Reputation or influence arising from success, achievement, rank, or other favorable attributes.

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Nobles were warriors that were high on the pyramid. Peasants worked for them.

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Was a European political system in which a lord owned all the land while vassals and serfs farmed it.

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The viking were people who lived in Northern Europe during the Middle Ages.

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The first emperor of the Holy Roman Empire.

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The Bishop of Rome as head of the Roman Catholic Church.

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The period of European history from the fall of the Roman Empire in the West (5th century) to the fall of Constantinople.

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Refers to any language used for communication between people who do not share a native language.

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To plunder especially after capture or to carry loot in.

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Is the long-term alteration of Earth's climate and weather patterns.

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An empire is a political construct in which one state dominates over another state, or a series of states.

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Means "Roman peace," refers to the time period from 27 B.C.E. to 180 C.E. in the Roman Empire.

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Is a quantitative measure of the rate at which the average price level of a basket of selected goods and services in an economy increases over a period of time.

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Were citizens soldiers of ancient Greek city-states who were primarily armed with spears and shields.

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A country that has the capacity to project dominating power and influence anywhere in the world, and sometimes, in more than one region of the globe at a time, and so may plausibly attain the status of global hegemony.

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Hired professional soldier who fights for any state or nation without regard to political interests or issues.

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Was an alliance of Greek city-states led by Athens and formed in 478 BCE to liberate eastern Greek cities from Persian rule and as a defence to possible revenge attacks from Persia following the Greek victories at Marathon, Salamis, and Plataea in the early 5th century BCE.

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A monarchy is a country that is ruled by a monarch, and monarchy is this system form of government.

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A colony is a group of people who settle in a new place but keep ties to their homeland.

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Arable Land is any land capable of being ploughed and used to grow crops.

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A form of government in which power is held by nobility