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This info was released on September 11th of 2019 and was revised in January of 2020. This article relates to and answers questions some questions about my topic and agrees with my claim. The author is Abigail Hess and was published by CBNC.com. This article has no spelling or grammar errors that I caught. This piece informed about what college students and athletes think about the discussion.

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This information was published on october 2001 and has not been revised.The article talks about how student athletes deserve compensation for their play in the college athlete arena. I saw no spelling or grammar errors in the information.This article also informed me about the history around college sports and the athletes thought on the topic.

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Chalk Talk--

I. Introduction

In 1998 the National Collegiate Athletic Association ("NCAA") signed a contract with CBS, giving the network exclusive television rights to the NCAA Division I Men's Basketball Championships for which the NCAA and its members will receive $1.7 billion.1 The member institutions of the NCAA are the various colleges and universities that operate athletic teams comprised of student-athletes. Coupled with the lucrative CBS contract, NCAA member institutions constantly enter into contracts with shoe, apparel and sports drink companies, along with various other corporate entities that pay large amounts in order to advertise within the sporting fields and arenas on college campuses.2 What's more, coaches of athletic teams, in addition to their six-figure salaries, sign personal contracts with these same companies in exchange for promising to outfit their players in the shoes and sportswear manufactured by these companies.3 When these financial figures are supplemented with regular and post season ticket sales, concession sales, local television and radio contracts, and increased endowments, colleges and universities profit handsomely from their participation in inter-collegiate athletics. In stark contrast to the lucrative salaries and financial benefits bestowed upon these colleges and universities and their coaches, however, the student-athletes who make this financial windfall possible receive absolutely no monetary compensation whatsoever.

Proponents of compensating student-athletes for their participation in these revenue-generating sports have been named "pay-for-play" advocates.4 Payfor-play advocates have for years argued that student-athletes are exploited by the universities for which they play in order to create a financial windfall for the universities. Opponents of the pay-for-play position point out that studentathletes often are provided athletic scholarships that pay for tuition, room and board and school supplies.5 However, despite the financial compensation universities provide to student-athletes in the form of athletic scholarships, student-athletes often do not have enough money to pay for other living expenses that are part of daily life as a college student. Specifically, NCAA regulations and the time demands of major collegiate athletic competition prevent student-- athletes from maintaining employment during the course of the academic year.6 As a result, financially destitute student-athletes who find themselves in emergency situations such as an auto accident or a death in the family often are unable properly to address the need or, in the alternative, are forced to violate NCAA rules in order to raise the money necessary to address the emergency.7 As a result of an NCAA rules violation, student-athletes often find themselves cast aside by both their university as well as the NCAA, which hides behind the "protection of amateur status" argument.

II. Students as Employees of the University

In order for student-athletes to receive additional compensation for their participation in inter-collegiate athletics, they must be recognized as employees of the university. Courts have, for the most part, addressed this question in the context of whether student-athletes are entitled to workers' compensation benefits resulting from injuries sustained during the course of play.

In general, courts have denied student-athletes workers' compensation benefits because of student-athletes' tax exempt status under state workers' compensation statutes.8 However, in the case of University of Denver v. Nemeth,9 the Supreme Court of Colorado held that a University of Denver football player who was injured during practice was an employee of the University, and therefore entitled to protection under workers' compensation statutes. The court's decision was based not on Nemeth's status as a player on the University's football team, but rather on Nemeth's job as a maintenance employee at the campus tennis center, which happened to be contingent on his playing football for the University. ...

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Foul! the Exploitation of the Student-Athlete: Student-Athletes Deserve Compensation for Their Play in the College Athletic Arena

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Chalk Talk-- I. Introduction In 1998 the National Collegiate Athletic Association ("NCAA") signed a contract with CBS, giving the network exclusive television rights to the NCAA Division I Men's Basketball Championships for which the NCAA and its members will receive $1.7 billion.1 The member institutions of the NCAA are the various colleges and universities that operate athletic teams comprised of student-athletes.

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This information was published in 2012, and has not been revised. This article visits both sides of the argument but favors the students being paid for playing. The author is Dennis A. Johnson and John Acquaviva, and was published by "Questia." This article has no spelling or grammar mistakes and was made to inform you about what coaches and players think about the problem.

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Introduction: History of the National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA)

The idea of paying college athletes to compete dates back to what is considered to be the first intercollegiate competition. In a regatta between Harvard and Yale Universities, Harvard used a coxswain who was not even a student enrolled at the Ivy League school (5). Much like today's universities whose appetites for appearances in corporate-sponsored "big money" football bowl events; Harvard may have used the non-student to please regatta sponsor Elkins Railroad (23).

In the late 1800's, football played by college teams was a brutal sport but enjoyed by many fans. However, from 1900 to 1905, there were 45 players who died playing the sport (22). This prompted President Theodore Roosevelt to summon the presidents of Harvard, Yale, and Princeton, and threaten them with a ban unless the sport was modified. As a result of that meeting, a group of 62 university presidents convened to form the Intercollegiate Athletic Association in 1906. This group evolved into the NCAA in 1910, but as a group it only possessed supervisory power (22).

College football became even more popular in the period of 1920-1940. This was a time when commercialism in the educational system was being questioned on a variety of levels. One such fundamental question was posed in 1929 by Howard Savage, a staff member of the Carnegie Foundation. He raised a question in an article entitled Athletics in American College (originally published in 1930 but reprinted in 1999) "whether an institution in the social order whose primary purpose is the development of the intellectual life can at the same time serve an agency to promote business, industry, journalism, and organized athletics on an extensive commercial basis? More importantly, the report asked "can it (the university) concentrate its attention on securing teams that win, without impairing the sincerity and vigor of its intellectual purpose" (9, p.495)? Savage also states that "alumni devices for recruiting winning teams constitutes the most disgraceful phase of recent intercollegiate athletics" (9, p. 495). In sum, the original 1929 report claimed that "big time" college sports were not educational, but were entirely financial and commercial.

Athletes during the early and mid-1900's were routinely recruited and paid to play; and there were several instances where individuals representing the schools were not enrolled as students. For example, there is one report of a Midwestern university using seven members of its team that included the town blacksmith, a lawyer, a livery man, and four railroad employees (5). Other athletes at colleges were given high paying jobs for which they did little or no work. In 1948, the NCAA adopted a "Sanity Code" that limited financial aid for athletes to tuition and fees, and required that aid otherwise be given based on need (5). In the early 1950's, with the threat of several southern schools bolting from the NCAA, the code was revised to allow athletic scholarships to cover tuition, fees, and a living stipend.

However, by the mid-1950's many schools were still struggling with the issue of offering athletic scholarships. Some university presidents ultimately decided to maintain the principles of amateurism and further serve the mission of higher education. Those were presidents of universities that today make up the Ivy League. They concluded that it was not in the best interest of their universities to award athletic scholarships, and have remained steadfast even today.

After passing Title IX in the mid 1970's, the NCAA absorbed the Association for Intercollegiate Athletics for Women (AIAW) and began to govern women's sport at the collegiate level. Over the past 50 years, the NCAA has also expanded into three divisions with a multitude of championship events on a yearly basis (20). There are more than 1,300 member institutions that represent an estimated 400,000 student athletes who participate in sport (21). ...

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Introduction: History of the National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) The idea of paying college athletes to compete dates back to what is considered to be the first intercollegiate competition. In a regatta between Harvard and Yale Universities, Harvard used a coxswain who was not even a student enrolled at the Ivy League school (5).