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Description of the different type of stress

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Description of the different type of stress

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Eustress
This stress (good) gives you fulfilment, and seeks out stressful challenges and helps increase intrensic motivation, which is benifical stress that helps an athlete to perform.

Distress
This stress (bad) is a more known stress which is extreme form of an anxiety nervousness apprehension or worry as a result of a perceived inability to meet demands.

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internal- this is the causes of stress that can be because of your own actions or because of how you are as yourself, a few example of this internal causes is, illness (a fever for example) worrying over someone or a certain situation, not getting enough sleep before a big game or day that requires you to be at your best and if you are over self critical after a match and constanly think about any mistakes you did in that match.
external- these causes of stress are often come from stuff that you cant have any or little control over. some exapmles are, the enviroment around you, so if its too busy or too noisey you can become stressed. another person being rude towards you for no reason. a family or a close friends death can seriouslly effect you in many ways and it can also cause you to become stressed out.
people- this is stress caused from the significant people in your everyday life and the people you often see everyday such as your brother. this category of cause can also include your familys health and finance.
occupational- this cause is from the job you do or the hobbies you do in your spare time such as footbsall. so your job could be stressing you out from having deadlines to do, also from being unemployed this can cause the same amount of stress. this can also include having a disagrement to your coach which leads to you not getting started the next few games.

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stage 1- this is a form of demand is put on the athlete from the sport in a particular situation, this could be taking a penalty in the last minutes of a football game.
stage 2- this is the athletes nervous system responses (fight or flight) so the athlete could either unconsiously choose to take the demand positive (challange) or negative (stress) if the demands seen to be too hard for the athlete then they could see it to be impossible and doesnt beleive in themselves that they can do it.
stage 3- at this stage the athletes arousal levels are increased so they will experience hightened arousal, cognitive and somatic anxiety, so hormones are going through the athetes body which is making him or her feeling anxoius and scared to take the peno.
stage 4- this is the outcome of the demand, so if the athlete seen it to be too hard they would have got stressed out about it which lead them to feel anxoius and scared to take it which then would lead the performer to not perform the demand as well as they could have and miss it.

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explanation of how stress effects performance. 

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explanation of how stress effects performance. 

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if an athelete is under alot of stress while playing or competing in their sport then it is very likely they will be going through cognitive and somatic symptoms, so there mind and body isnt fully focused in their game which could lead to bad passes and a loss of concentration while timing the runs, this would have a big effect on how the athlete plays such as they may look like a completly different player than they do when not under stress and focused on the game. also on the other hand if the performer is put under a demand of the game such as a freekick they may see it in a positive perception which they would see as a challange, this would release eustress and the performer would feel an increase of energy and motivation which could increase their performance and make them play to a better standard and score the free kick.

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Anxiety is a negative emotional state that is either associated with, feeling nervous, apprehensive or worried. and this can affect everyone.

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“A pattern of negative physiological states and physiological responses occurring in situations where people perceive threats to their well being which they may be unable to meet.” (Lararus and folkman- 1984)

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trait- this anxiety is an aspect of personality and a part of a persons behaviour, so a person will become more worried even in non treating situations, for example of this is getting worried if you leave the light on in the bathroom.
state- this anxiety isn't permanent but it ever changes your mood state in an emotional response to any given situation. there is two types of state anxiety, somatic(that you can feel in your body, e.g shaking.) and cognitive (that you can in your mind, e.g loss of concentration.

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there are many symptoms you may feel when you have anxiety, both somatic and cognitive effects. These symptoms change under how anxious you get and some people are known to have more of a reaction to certain symptoms.
somatic examples; sweating, high blood pressure, vomiting, pacing and yawning.
cognitive exapmles; indecision, confusion, irratable and loss of concentration.
behavoural examples; lethergic movement, avoidance of eye contact and contact to people.

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internal- this is effects that can change how you feel and act, this would change your behaviour. an example of this is you can lose concentrating, this would make you not focused so it would be harder to complete certain actions as well as you could have.
external- this is effects that can look while being anxious, this would change your appearance. an example of this is blushing, this causes your face to turn red which you could become embarrassed from this.
occupational- this is effects how you work, this is a main reason for anxiety due to all the deadlines and work to catch up on which can be dreadful. an example of this is unable to take instructions. so you may get told off for not completing instructions.
sports environment- this effects what you do in under a sports activity, this is a big reason for anxiety due to athletes are put under alot of pressure to perform week in week out. an example that could effect a person in a sports enviroment is an athlete could become feared to play which would knock their confidence thus their performance will drop.

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anxiety can occour from many things in everyday life, especially athletes due to the uncertainty of their career and future playing time. so they are put under so much pressure to impress their coaches and fans and to win the games. also in working for your job or college could cause anxiety aswell if put under alot of demand to get work done in too little time when their is a million other things going on in life.

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negative mental state- from athletes having a negative mental state it effects their performance badly. an example of how this works is if your team has a negative mind set on the other team before kick off -they think theyre going to loose the game- this will put doubt in their minds which will stop the team from trying to do nice passing in the final third of the pitch which could win them the game. however if the team has a good mental state then they will feel like there is a chance of winning the game and so they will have that little bit more confidence to try play the ball around.
loss of confidence- an athlete having a loss of confidence is a very negative thing in football, for example as a goalkeeper you will need to be there for your team to come out and attack the ball and to catch it, if the goal keeper doesnt have much confidence then he is more likly to second guess himself or herself and freeze on the way out to think if its the right thing, this allows their strickers time on the ball.
fear of failure-when athletes have a fear of failure their motivation could drop due to the belifs of not winning the game, this would then make the team not put as much effort into the performance. also it takes the fun out of the game because theres no hope in winning the game.

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this is the psychological state of alertness that prepares the body for action, it is more known as the flight or fight response of your body.

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this theory views the relationship between arousal and performance is linear, this means as the arousal levels increase so does performance as well, however if arousal levels decrease so will performance too. this means that the more alert you are under a specific sport then the better you will perform due to you can be more focused. an exapmle of this is the leicester squad in the 2015/2016 season when they wasnt the best of players but that little bit more drive lead them winning the leaugue.

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cognitive- these are mental symptoms that stress or anxiety cause the body to go through, examples of these are, fear, unease, difficulty in concentrating, a constant thread of negative thoughts and confusion. some people find that they don't feel all these symptoms when stressed out because they can feel one over powering them all so they only focus on one.
somatic- these symptoms physically effect your body and may be easy to detect than cognitive symptoms. examples of these are, aches such as headaches, shaking, sweating, increased heart rate, muscle aches and rapid breathing.
behavoural- these are symptoms that effect your behavouir during stress, examples of these are, social phobia- so you would try and avoid interaction towards people when stressed, fingernail bitting, chewing, smoking and an increase of how fast you speak.

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this theory is very different than the drive theory, this theory sugguets that only at optimal arousal levels performance levels will be at their highest, and it also suggest that when arousal is either too low or high then performance levels will drop. this could be because if arousal levels are too low it could mean that youre not as motivated to want to perform better, and when its too high it could mean you think youre better than you are and try and do more diffucult styles of passing such as 'no look pass'. an example of this theory is ibora when he had a good game one time and then everyone was talking about him which then lead him having increased arousal levels which then went to his head and now his performance has dropped and has been benched last game due to this.

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this theory suggests that performnce meseaurses with arousal to the zone of optimum function, but will decrease rapidly instead of not improving or steading out, the common point in which performance drops is when the athlete 'chokes' which means they have bottled it. the term 'choking' occours when both somatic and cognititve anxiety are at their highest levels. an example of this theory is france in the euros 2016 when they had the quality in depth to win the tournament but they didnt even get into the finals as their performance rapidly decreased which backs up the catastrophe theory.

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the thing that thay all have in common is they both only look at two things that depend on eachother, arousal levels and performance levels. the theories dont look at an other factors that my effect performance. however there is many differences between the theories. drive theory looks at no matter how much arousal levels you have it will increase performance even if its at its highest it can be, so theres no optimum zone that you play at your best. also inverted u theory suggests that theres an optimum arousal zone that will allow you perform to your best but if levels are too low then you wont play as well and also if theyre too high then you wont play to your best aswell, so this differs to drive theory due to being too aroused will cause to a dip in performance.
also catastrophe theory suggests that too much arousal results in a rapid drop of performance, this differs from the rest as too much arousal wont make you perform better but it will decrease your levels. and also there is no optimum zone.

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it can have a positive effect on performance due to it can give the athlete a sense of they can do it and motivation to strive to perform good in whatever sport theyre doing, so it can boost performance levels which is a positive.
however it can also effect performance negatively due to having too much arousal will cause the athlete to think they are too big time which could drop their performance as they could become lazy, or having too little arousal can have a negative effects due to it can cause a lack of confidence.
arousal has a big effect on how focused you are due to if you dont have much arousal then you wont be focused on wanting to perform, but ig you have alot of arousal then you could become over focused and only think about always improving which could lead to a disconnection to friends and could lead to over training.
from not being aroused then it could lead to a build up in anxiety due to you think you cant perform good enough which will drop levels of your actual performace. also being too aroused will increase arousal due to you may feel like you need to win everything and therefor be put under alot of pressures from the sport.

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drive theory- we can use the drive theory to see just how Leicester won the premire league as we are known to be a not very good side when put infront of expectations to win something, but from getting high levels of arousal from fans and coaches that lead them to perform at their best, however the season after it was like they wasnt as aroused in matches which then lead to a bad start with not many wins. this explains the drive theory as when the team was arsoused they was the best in the league and went onto win it, however when they wasnt asroused they looked like a completly different team with not many wins in the first half of the season. i would suggest to the coaches to deal with their arousal levels to show them a clip of what they look like on a bad game to what they look like on a good game , this would give them motivation as they know they can play really good football. to lower arousal for the team though i would increase the difficulty of training so they have to work harder.
inverted U theory- we can use this theory to see why ibora dropped his levels of performance for Leicester due to when he was getting alot of praise and well dones from the fans it all got to his head which increased his arousal levels and then made a drop or leveled out his performance levels, this is due to he might feel like he needs to keep impressing the fans and coaches but with his position he just needs to be solid and deceplined while defending. and when he came back from making alot of mistakes this lead his arousal levels to decrease out the 'optimum zone' which made him play not a solid as he can do. i would suggest to the coaches to go through what they expect from him in that game so he knows not to try and impress them and that could make mistakes happen, this would increase his arousal levels. to decrease his arousal levels i would put him in advanced training drills which puts a strain on him so he knows he needs to keep improving.
catastrophe theory- we can use this theory to see why France's international team suddenly dropped off in the Euros of 2016, everyone believed that from their quality they would go on to win the tournament and they believed it themselfs, this lead to the team getting over aroused which then lead to a rapid decrease on how they played as they didnt perform to their best in the crucial times which lead them getting knocked out, to lower their arousal levels their coaches should have made them watch games of other big teams to show how good they are and how good you need to play to beat them.