# data[].attributes.headline
With reference to source B, explain why rapport is important when conducting qualitative research (9)

# data[].attributes.subject
With reference to source B, explain why rapport is important when conducting qualitative research (9)

# data[].attributes.body
Qualitative data is data that is acquired by interpretivists, it is data that is in the form of words    and is much more detailed than quantitative as it is word based. facts and opinions are gathered from the participants. qualitative data can sometimes lack validity as it is mainly based upon opinions which may not necessarily be true. However it can prove to be high in reliability due to the amount of information that is sometimes presented.

One way in which validity can be increased is to built a strong rapport with the participants. To build a rapport means to build a strong relationship with the participants further enabling you to get more detailed information as they would feel more comfortable around you. From source B we can see that Andreas conducted a small scale study meaning that he needs to acquire much more data as there are very few participants. Building a strong rapport will ensure that the researcher can attain as much information as they can but also making sure that it is valid.

Also building a strong rapport will allow participants to open up more and five their real viewpoints of male body types and their fashion sense. This will be useful as he will be able to include it in his research findings and especially as it is qualitative data it will give a more in depth analysis making it more valid.

# data[].attributes.headline
GROUP 6: With reference to Source B, explain why rapport is important when conducting qualitative research

# data[].attributes.subject
GROUP 6: With reference to Source B, explain why rapport is important when conducting qualitative research

# data[].attributes.body
INTRO: Rapport means to build a relationship with the participant often to increase validity as they are more likely to  be open and the researcher can obtain a fuller picture from the participants point of view. This is favoured by interpretivists. Qualitative research is research based on qualitative methods for example, in the source, thirty open-ended questions were asked and there were also questions involving media.

Rapport is important when conducting qualitative research as qualitative research is very in-depth; full of meanings and definition. This is unlike qualitative data where numericals are used, focusing on patterns and trends. For example, in Source B, we can see that building a rapport is important as the sociologist expresses that it would have been "unlikely that as much natural data would have emerged in the research process." This shows that rapport is important.

Another reason interpretivists favour rapport, may be because they are then able to experience verstehen which allows them to be sympathetic and standin another person's shoes and see life from their point of view. For example, in the source the researcher could easily do this as the participants were of similar age and background as him and so the could relate to one another. This shows why rapport is important so a better understanding of the participants point of view can be considered.

# data[].attributes.body
 
more_vert
(GROUP 4) 9 MARKER:
(GROUP 4)                 9 MARKER:
Qualitative data is data acquired by interpretivists it is data in the form of words and is much detailed than quantitative as it is data in the form of words and is much detailed than quantitative - 
Group 5: Using Source B and your wider sociological knowledge... experience of men who have undergone upward social mobility (20 mark)
Group 5: Using Source B and your wider sociological knowledge... experience of men who have undergone upward social mobility (20 mark)
A combination of research methods is known as an ethnography, interpretivists prefer this approach as it provides qualitative data. 

In the source the researcher uses participant observations, this is when participants know that the researcher is present in the observation. This will allow them to obtain valid responses because the  researcher may develop a trusting relationship with the participant which increases rapport. For example in the source the  researcher was born in the same area as the participants and had a similar age to them, this allowed participants to gain a trusting and understanding relationship with the researcher. This will allow the participants to open up and give researchers rich and valid data.

Also in this source the researchers used semi structured interviews, these type of interviews uses both 
Group 2:
Group 2:
With reference to source A and other evidence, explain how sociologists might try to select a representative sample in order to carry out a social survey on poverty [12]

A representative sample is a small group which is typical of the wider population. One way to ensure a representative sample is by using a large sample. A large sample will allow the researcher to collect a multitude of people. This means that there will be a wider representation of people (e.g. ethnicity, age, social class, gender, locality etc) in the sample, therefore the sample will be typical of the wider population. 

Another way to get a representative sample is by carrying out stratified sampling. 
Group 1 - 12 Marker
Group 1 - 1

# data[].attributes.body
Source B, the Investigation that the researcher carried was on 42 men that were describes as 'the chnagers'

# data[].attributes.headline
GROUP 6: With reference to Source A, and other evidence, explain how sociologists might try to select a representative sample in order to carry out a social survey on poverty (12 marks)

# data[].attributes.subject
GROUP 6: With reference to Source A, and other evidence, explain how sociologists might try to select a representative sample in order to carry out a social survey on poverty (12 marks)

# data[].attributes.body
A representative sample is a sample that is typical and can represent the wider population as it has similar characteristics.

For example, sociologists could use purposive sampling. This is a non-random sampling technique which does not involve a sampling frame. This is when the sociologist goes out to find suitable participants with certain characteristics to take part in their study and be part of their sample. For example in Source A sociologists may have gone out to specifically look for pensioners to be part of the sample, to represent the wider population. The percentage of UK poverty rates for pensioners in 1994/5 was just below 30% but started declining in 2002/3 and continues to decline until 2005/6 which is around 17%.
This is one way sociologists may try to select a representative sample in order to carry out a social survey on poverty.

# data[].attributes.body
Source B uses ethnographic study to research men who have experienced upward social mobility and is favoured by interpretivists.
Adv: Can gain an in-depth

# data[].attributes.headline
GROUP 1: 9 MARKER          With reference to Source B, explain why rapport is important when conducting qualitative research [9]

# data[].attributes.subject
GROUP 1: 9 MARKER          With reference to Source B, explain why rapport is important when conducting qualitative research [9]

# data[].attributes.body
Rapport is the level of trust, comfortability and connection between a researcher and participant. It is important when conducting qualitative research because strong rapport will lead to an increase in the validity of the results and findings collected through the research as the participant is more likely to open up about their personal thoughts and experiences. In Source B, Glazitzoglu conducted semi-structured interviews on his participants and strong rapport would have been needed to ensure they spoke truthfully when being probed for deeper answers to increase the validity of his results.

Rapport is also important within qualitative research because it may be necessary when a researcher is investigating a sensitive topic. It is important to ensure the participant is comfortable speaking to the researcher. Glazitzoglu explored issues such as male body types men aspired to as well as their fashion preference which may be a sensitive topic for some if they are insecure about not conforming to societies expectations f how they should look/dress, or they have personal opinions that against the typical display of hegemonic behaviour society expects men to have. This also links to the concept of verstehen as strong rapport means the researcher would be able to empathise with men on such sensitive topics, therefore strong rapport is important.

# data[].attributes.headline
With reference to source A explain how sociologists might try to select a representative sample in order to carry out a social survey on poverty(12)

# data[].attributes.subject
With reference to source A explain how sociologists might try to select a representative sample in order to carry out a social survey on poverty(12)

# data[].attributes.body
A representative sample is a group which covers the wider population.

Some sociologists may decide to use quota sampling. This is where data is being gathered from a group chosen by a subgroup. One advantage of quota sampling is that it has the ability to make generalisations from a small representative group. This will make the research more valid as

# data[].attributes.body
Qualitative data is data acquired by interpretivists it is data in the form of words and is much detailed than quantitative as it is

# data[].attributes.headline
Group 5: Using Source B and your wider sociological knowledge... experience of men who have undergone upward social mobility (20 mark)

# data[].attributes.subject
Group 5: Using Source B and your wider sociological knowledge... experience of men who have undergone upward social mobility (20 mark)

# data[].attributes.body
A combination of research methods is known as an ethnography, interpretivists prefer this approach as it provides qualitative data.

In the source the researcher uses participant observations, this is when participants know that the researcher is present in the observation. This will allow them to obtain valid responses because the  researcher may develop a trusting relationship with the participant which increases rapport. For example in the source the  researcher was born in the same area as the participants and had a similar age to them, this allowed participants to gain a trusting and understanding relationship with the researcher. This will allow the participants to open up and give researchers rich and valid data.

Also in this source the researchers used semi structured interviews, these type of interviews uses both open and closed questions. However these types of interviews are time consuming. This is because when

# data[].attributes.body
With reference to source A and other evidence, explain how sociologists might try to select a representative sample in order to carry out a social survey on poverty [12]

A representative sample is a small group which is typical of the wider population. One way to ensure a representative sample is by using a large sample. A large sample will allow the researcher to collect a multitude of people. This means that there will be a wider representation of people (e.g. ethnicity, age, social class, gender, locality etc) in the sample, therefore the sample will be typical of the wider population.

Another way to get a representative sample is by carrying out stratified sampling. Stratified sampling is when sociologists match characteristics and catergorise them into groups depending on this.

# data[].attributes.body
In source A is looking at the poverty rates in the UK. From the source we find that researchers have used official statistics to gather information. The topic is sensationalized into 5 categories.
Sociologist are able to select a representative sample through having a big sample thus its more representative. Researchers might have used a census to develop a quantified graph. The bigger the sample the safer researchers can generalize.
Researchers can conduct stratified sampling through matching people with certain characteristics. The list of sample is divided into categories such as pensioners and proportion of each group is taken to conduct the research in.

Quota can be used to narrow down the list of names.   It allows the researchers to sample a subgroup that is of great interest to the study. If a study aims to investigate a trait or a characteristic of a certain subgroup, this type of sampling is the ideal technique.

In conclusion, as a result of these representative sample the findings can be generalized to the corresponding group in society.

# data[].attributes.body
In source B was looking into the experience of working class men who so went through upward social mobility. With discussing an individuals income it could be seen as quite personal, confidential information Therefore by building a rapport the researcher is able to collect richer, fuller and valid data as they are more likely to open up and be honest as trust is built. They don't feel the need to lie as they won't get judged.

lol help pleaseee

# data[].attributes.headline
Group 4                                                        With reference to Source A and any other evidence, explain how sociologists might try to select a representative sample in order to carry out a survey of social attitudes. (12 marks)

# data[].attributes.subject
Group 4                                                        With reference to Source A and any other evidence, explain how sociologists might try to select a representative sample in order to carry out a survey of social attitudes. (12 marks)

# data[].attributes.body
A representative sample is a sample which is typical and shares the same characteristics of the whole population.
Sociologists might try to select a representative sample in order to carry out a social survey on poverty by using Quota sampling.

One advantages of using a Quota is that the sample size is representative. This  is seen in Source  A where the study is based on poverty. Moreover, because the sample size is small it is less expensive in carrying out the research easily at it does not require money in doing so.
This therefore means that the data is generalisable.