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~ Laws written to separate blacks and whites in public areas ~

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American Nazis wanted to march through Skokie Illinois but the town said they needed insurance. Supreme Court ruled in favor of the Nazis, saying that many groups can not afford the insurance and should be able to express themselves ~

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~ false speech that damages a person's good name, character, or reputation ~

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~ speech threatening the government ~

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~ A Japanese man remained in California and violated Civilian Exclusion Order. The Court sided with the government and held that the need to protect against espionage outweighed man's rights ~

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~ no cruel and unusual punishment. no excessive bail required ~

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~ right to a trial by jury. Civil case ~

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~ right to a speedy trial. Jury trial for a criminal case ~

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~ protection against double jeopardy. No self-incrimination ~

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~ right of search and seizure regulated ~

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~ right to bear arms ~

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~ freedom of religion, speech, press, assembly, petition ~

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~ the 1971 supreme court decision that established that aid to church-related schools must have a secular legislative purpose, a primary effect that neither advances nor inhibits religion, and a not foster excessive government entanglement with religion ~

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~ a test the Supreme Court developed to determine if a law is discriminatory, which is applied to laws dealing with age, disability, income, and similar categories~

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~ 1973. 14th implies a right to privacy and this extends to a woman receiving an abortion within the first 3 months of pregnancy ~

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~ Banned discrimination and discrimination for jury selection. Later declared unconstitutional ~

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~ Declares that all persons born in the U.S. are citizens and are guaranteed equal protection of the laws

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~ a policy designed to redress past discrimination against women and minority groups through measures to improve their economic and educational opportunities ~

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~ nonverbal communication, such as burning a flag or wearing an armband ~

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~ Before questioning, police must inform suspect of his right to remain silent, and have a lawyer ~

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~ Accused have a right to a lawyer in all felony cases ~

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~ (1962) Regents Prayer is unconstitutional even if it is nondenominational ~

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~ (1979) In medical school students cannot be admitted by quota but race can be considered for admission. Important reverse discrimination ~

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~ (1954) Segregated schools are illegal and violate the 14th amendment ~

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~ (1896) Segregation does not violate the 14th amendment as long as facilities are equal. Made Jim Crow laws constitutional ~

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~ (1857) A negro slave was not a citizen and couldn't sue for his freedom ~

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~ Established the exclusionary rule was applicable to the states ~

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~ trustworthy facts sufficient for a reasonable person to believe that the suspect has committed or is committing a crime ~

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~ When a court stops speech or a printed story before it is made. This is unconstitutional ~

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~ written defamatory speech ~

~ spoken defamatory speech ~

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~ Southern method of excluding blacks from exercising suffrage by requiring that voters prove their ability to read and write~

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~ the Supreme Court has nationalized the Bill of Rights by making most of its provisions applicable to the states through the Fourteenth Amendment ~

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~ Congress may not prohibit the free exercise of religion ~

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~ prohibits states from denying equal protection under the law, and has been used to combat discrimination ~

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~ segregation "by fact" ~

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~ segregation by law ~

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~ characteristics used in applying a law, which a court will review subject to a strict observation ~

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~ conveying an idea or message through behavior ~

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~ being prosecuted twice for the same offense ~

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~ prohibits the national government and states from denying life, liberty, or property ~

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~ Supreme Court guideline that excludes the use of illegally obtained evidence in a criminal trial. ~

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~ prohibits Congress from establishing an official state religion. This is the basis for separation of church and state. ~