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How does one determine which is which?

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an original document or physical object that was written or created during the time of study

These sources were present during an experience or time period and offer an inside view of a particular event.

Examples:  objects, diaries, letters, documents, photographs, articles of clothing, or "first-hand" accounts (testimonies) of an event by an eye-witness.

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ORIGINAL DOCUMENTS (excerpts or translations acceptable):
Diaries, speeches, manuscripts, letters, interviews, news film footage, autobiographies, official records

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Citations are generated automatically from bibliographic data as a convenience, and may not be complete or accurate.

Chicago citation style:

Lincoln, Abraham. [Abraham Lincoln papers: Series 3. General Correspondence. 1837 to 1897: Abraham Lincoln, November 1863 Gettysburg Address: Nicolay Copy]. November, 1863. Manuscript/Mixed Material. Retrieved from the Library of Congress, https://www.loc.gov/item/mal4356500/. (Accessed December 02, 2017.)

APA citation style:

Lincoln, A. (1863) [Abraham Lincoln papers: Series 3. General Correspondence. 1837 to 1897: Abraham Lincoln, November 1863 Gettysburg Address: Nicolay Copy]. November. [Manuscript/Mixed Material] Retrieved from the Library of Congress, https://www.loc.gov/item/mal4356500/.

MLA citation style:

Lincoln, Abraham. [Abraham Lincoln papers: Series 3. General Correspondence. 1837 to 1897: Abraham Lincoln, November 1863 Gettysburg Address: Nicolay Copy]. November, 1863. Manuscript/Mixed Material. Retrieved from the Library of Congress, <https://www.loc.gov/item/mal4356500/>.

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Image 1 of Abraham Lincoln papers: Series 3. General Correspondence. 1837-1897: Abraham Lincoln, [November 1863] (Gettysburg Address: Nicolay Copy)

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Citations are generated automatically from bibliographic data as a convenience, and may not be complete or accurate. Lincoln, Abraham. [Abraham Lincoln papers: Series 3. General Correspondence. 1837 to 1897: Abraham Lincoln, November 1863 Gettysburg Address: Nicolay Copy]. November, 1863. Manuscript/Mixed Material. Retrieved from the Library of Congress, https://www.loc.gov/item/mal4356500/. (Accessed December 02, 2017.)

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CREATIVE WORKS:   Poetry, drama, novels, music, art

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The Beatles - The Beatles - I Want To Hold Your Hand (Live on The Ed Sullivan Show)

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RELICS or ARTIFACTS:   Pottery, tools, furniture, clothing, buildings

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Accounts of the past by people (text books, paintings, essays or reviews, etc.), about events after they happened - "second-hand" information.

may have pictures, quotes or graphics of primary sources in them.

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PUBLICATIONS: Textbooks, magazine articles, histories, criticisms, commentaries, encyclopedias

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How do Primary and Secondary Sources differ?

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How do Primary and Secondary Sources differ?

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While primary  sources are the original records created by firsthand witnesses of an event, secondary sources are documents, texts, images, and objects about an event created by someone who typically referenced the primary source for their information. An eyewitness account of an event is almost always a more accurate source of information than a secondary source - the account comes directly from someone who experienced the event.

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History is ....someone taking primary sources and playing detective.

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They look at evidence and...

Use it to tell a story of what might have happened

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Take 10 historians to the same archeological site, and they may come up with 10 different theories of what happened there, due to different perspectives, personal biases, and cultural differences.

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Primary Sources are evidence.

Historians are detectives

Secondary Sources are theories based on evidence.

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How do you see it?

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and draw your own conclusions

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Here's how you'll do it...

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Here's another method or strategy you can use... APPARTS

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Here's another method or strategy you can use... APPARTS

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A - Author

P - Place and Time

P - Prior Knowledge

A - Audience

R - Reason

T - The Main Idea

S - Significance

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Overview

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A - Author:

Who made/wrote this?

Do we have any way of knowing?

You should look closely at who authored or created the piece.

What do you know about the author that would affect the reliability of the document?

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P - Place and Time:

When and where was the source made or written, and how might this affect the meaning of the document?

If time and place is not given in the source, are there clues within the document or object that may reveal the time and place of origin?

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P - Prior Knowledge:

Based on the author and time and place of the source, what additional knowledge can you gain from this document?

What did you know about this before looking at it?

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A - Audience:

Who was the source created for, and how might this affect the reliability of the object or document?

Is it trying to convince somebody of something?

Can you trust it?

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R - Reason:

Why was this document produced at the time and place it was?

Is it trying to convince somebody of something?

To enforce laws?

To preach morals?

To entertain?

Note: Prior knowledge, time and place, author, audience are all a factor in order to determine reason.

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T - The Main Idea:

What is the point the source is trying to make?

What is it about and what happened here?

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S - Significance:

Why is this important?

What does it tell us about the people it was written for?

Their morals?

How they lived?

What they enjoyed?