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6th Amendment (Right to Speedy trial by Jury, Witnesses Counsel)

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6th Amendment (Right to Speedy trial by Jury, Witnesses Counsel)

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[In all criminal prosecutions, the accused shall enjoy the right to a speedy and public trial, by an impartial jury of the State and district wherein the crime shall have been committed, which district shall have been previously ascertained by law, and to be informed of the nature and cause of the accusation; to be confronted with the witnesses against him; to have compulsory process for obtaining witnesses in his favor, and to have the Assistance of Counsel for his defense]
The right to a speedy trial is necessary because over time evidence and persistence fades. This is unfair to someone who has not committed a crime. The defendant would end up spending more time in jail than they should, which is morally wrong for an innocent person.
Court Case: Gideon vs. Wainwright - Gideon argued that he had been denied a counsel to his appeal in the case he was fighting.

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[The right of the people to be secure in their persons, houses, papers, and effects, against unreasonable searches and seizures, shall not be violated no Warrants shall issue, but upon probable cause, supported by Oath or affirmation, and particularly describing the place to be searched, and the persons or things to be seized.]
Search and seizure without good reason ( a warrant) should be prohibited. If a police fixer has not been given a warrant they have no right to barge through a citizens belongings. This amendment is useful in the case of racial profiling because it is very real and wrong that innocent people get searched for "looking suspicious".
Court Case: Weeks vs. United States - Weeks had documents that he was hiding and fought back when the police found them by searching without a warrant.

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[Section 1. Neither slavery nor involuntary servitude, except as a punishment for crime whereof the party shall have been duly convicted, shall exist within the United States, or any place subject to their jurisdiction.]
This is amendment is important because slavery is very unjust as no group of people should be born into a life in which they're forced to do work that they do not want to do because of their skin color. This amendment may have upset some people, but there is much more value in people being born into happy lives, where they aren't forced into manual labor because of their skin, than slave owners making money off of their slaves.
Court Case: Jones vs. Alfred - This court case solidified the idea hat congress can regulate the sale of private property to prevent racial discrimination.

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22nd Amendment (Limit on Presidential terms)

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22nd Amendment (Limit on Presidential terms)

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[Section 1. No person shall be elected to the office of the President more than twice, and no person who has held the office of President, or acted as President, for more than two years of a term to which some other person was elected President shall be elected to the office of President more than once. But this Article shall not apply to any person holding the office of President when this Article was proposed by Congress, and shall not prevent any person who may be holding the office of President, or acting as President, during the term within which this Article becomes operative from holding the office of President or acting as President during the remainder of such term.]
This amendment is good because there needs to be a new face in office every eight years to keep both political parties happy. For example, radical democrats would start to revolt after Trump has been in office for over eight years.
Reason Behind it: The third election of FDR is what caused the 22nd amendment. The US realized that the rules set in place by George Washington should stay in place.

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8th Amendment (Excessive Fines, Cruel and Unusual Punishment)

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8th Amendment (Excessive Fines, Cruel and Unusual Punishment)

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[Excessive bail shall not be required, nor excessive fines imposed, nor cruel and unusual punishments inflicted.]
People should not have to suffer through pain that is not equivalent to the pain they caused. This would encourage many criminals  to commit harsher crimes. If the punishment for stealing a pencil is the same as murdering someone, why not murder the person you hate? This amendment stops that thought process.
Court Case: Roper vs. Simmons - This court case stated that it is unlawful to impose capital punishment for someone under 18.

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7th Amendment (Jury Trial in Civil Lawsuits)

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7th Amendment (Jury Trial in Civil Lawsuits)

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[In Suits at common law, where the value in controversy shall exceed twenty dollars, the right of trial by jury shall be preserved, and no fact tried by a jury, shall be otherwise reexamined in any Court of the United States, than according to the rules of the common law.]
Civil lawsuits deserve a jury because the decision should go through twenty brains instead of one. This helps in any circumstance where a judge would be biased to one side of the argument.
Court Case: Feltner vs, Columbia Pictures - Feltner requested a jury in his trial against Columbia Pictures for copyright and was awarded one.

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5th Amendment (Grand Jury, Double Jeopardy, Self Incrimination, Due Process,Takings)

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5th Amendment (Grand Jury, Double Jeopardy, Self Incrimination, Due Process,Takings)

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[The Fifth Amendment creates a number of rights relevant to both criminal and civil legal proceedings.  In criminal cases, the Fifth Amendment guarantees the right to a grand jury, forbids “double jeopardy,” and protects against self- incrimination.  It also requires that “due process of law” be part of any proceeding that denies a citizen “life, liberty or property” and requires the government to compensate citizens when it takes private property for public use.]
Citizens need due process to protect them from the government acting unjustly. It also ensures them "life, liberty, and property" which protects them from having their property and human rights infringed on by the government for no reason.
Court Case: Amanda vs. AZ - Made self incrinmination unconstitutional

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[No Soldier shall, in time of peace be quartered in any house, without the consent of the Owner, nor in time of war, but in a manner to be prescribed by law.]
To ensure the safety of the homeowner, this is important. Without this amendment, many innocent people could be killed just for having a soldier in their house that they weren't aware of.
Court Case: Mitchell vs. Henderson - The Mitchell family was being charged for allowing the police to use their home to gain "tactical advantage", but the police officers won because this was not a time of war and it was completely constitutional.

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[A well regulated Militia, being necessary to the security of a free State, the right of the people to keep and bear Arms, shall not be infringed.]
Citizens should be allowed to bear arms for personal safety. Guns do not kill people, people kill people. This amendment is useful because in situations where someone's life in jeopardy, and a firearm is needed, citizens need to have the ability to use them.
Court Case: District of Columbia vs. Heller - Ruled that the second amendment protects the right to possess a firearm unconnected to military service.

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[Congress shall make no law... abridging...the right of the people peaceably to assemble, and to petition the Government for a redress of grievances.]
This plays a big role in the life of an average American because many feel the need to express their feelings on current leaders of our country. Without this amendment, citizens would not feel the freedom they currently do while expressing their love or hate about current events with a formed group in a public setting.
Court Case: NAACP vs. Button - The court ruled the NAACP solicitation unconstitutional because the use litigation as form of expression

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[Congress shall make no law... abridging the freedom of speech, or of the press]
Freedom of press is important because the famous people/news anchorsof a country should be able to say what they want without feeling like they're going to be persecuted for their opinions. This is also important because major influencers need to be able to speak their mind in order to make a change they would like to see, this would not be possible if news companies couldn't publish the message.
Court Case: Brandenburg vs. Ohio - Ohio law violated Brandenburgs rights of speech and press by "inciting imminent lawless action" and infringed on his rights to speak on national TV.

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Congress shall make no law... abridging...the right of the people peaceably to assemble, and to petition the Government for a redress of grievances.
The people of a country need the freedom to assemble to make any public functions happen. The peaceful part is the most important, if this wasn't said then riots would break out all the time and groups would be uncontrollable.
Court Case: Edwards vs. South Carolina - South Carolina was declared unconstitutional for making peaceful protesters disperse.

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[Congress shall make no law... abridging the freedom of speech, or of the press.]
The people of a country should feel free to say whatever they please, as long as it doesn't harm one another. This amendment is important because individuality amongst people wouldn't be attainable if people couldn't discuss the way they feel, no matter the circumstances.
Court Case: Debs v. United States - Debs was found guilty for encouraging insubordination of the military while giving a speech, he was sentenced to 10 years.

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[Congress shall make no law respecting an establishment of religion.]
This amendment is important on a daily basis because religion is a huge part of what makes up each individual person and their value systems and routines. Religion is also something that has influenced so many cultures and backgrounds, for a country to have a say in what religion a group should be would be the same as removing their family history.
Court Case: Snyder vs. Phelps - Ruled that speech on a matter of public concern cannot be the basis of liability or emotional torment.