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A crest is the point on a wave with the maximum value or upward displacement within a cycle

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In science. Trough (economics), the lowest turning point of a business cycle.

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the oscillating, reciprocating, or other periodic motion of a rigid or elastic body or medium forced from a position or state of equilibrium. the analogous motion of the particles of a mass of air or the like

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A mechanical wave is a wave that is an oscillation of matter, and therefore transfers energy through a medium.

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transverse wave in Science. transverse wave. A wave that oscillates perpendicular to the axis along which the wave travels. Electromagnetic waves are transverse waves, since the electric and magnetic fields

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medium. (mē'dē-əm) Plural media. A substance, such as agar, in which bacteria or other microorganisms are grown for scientific purposes.

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Diffraction is defined as a process by which light waves break up into dark and light bands or into the colors of the spectrum.

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the fact or phenomenon of light, radio waves, etc., being deflected in passing obliquely through the interface between one medium and another or through a medium of varying density.

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reflection in Science. reflection. (rĭ-flěk'shən) The change in direction of a wave, such as a light or sound wave, away from a boundary the wave encounters.

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a wave vibrating in the direction of propagation.