# data[].attributes.headline
35// What is gene expression? What are the two stages of gene expression?

# data[].attributes.subject
35// What is gene expression? What are the two stages of gene expression?

# data[].attributes.body
The first stage is called the transcription. During transcription, an RNA copy of gene is made. During translation, the second stage of gene expression, three different kinds of RNA work together to assemble amino acids into a protein molecule.

# data[].attributes.headline
34// What are the three types of RNA? What is their basic function?

# data[].attributes.subject
34// What are the three types of RNA? What is their basic function?

# data[].attributes.body
1/ mRNA sends messages to the tRNA 2/ tRNA translates the messages 3/ rRNA bunds the two together

# data[].attributes.body
Ian Newland
Abel Hernandez

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33// What are the three basic differences between DNA and RNA? 

# data[].attributes.subject
33// What are the three basic differences between DNA and RNA? 

# data[].attributes.body
RNA is single stranded. DNA is double stranded, The sugar in RNA is ribose. The sugar in DNA is deoxyribose, RNA has uracil that pairs with adenine. DNA has thymine that pairs with adenine.

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32// Which nitrogen base is found in RNA, but not in DNA?

# data[].attributes.subject
32// Which nitrogen base is found in RNA, but not in DNA?

# data[].attributes.body
Uracil

# data[].attributes.body
Deoxyribose

# data[].attributes.body
Ribonucleic acid

# data[].attributes.headline
29//Three codons do not call for any amino acid. What role is played by these codons?

# data[].attributes.subject
29//Three codons do not call for any amino acid. What role is played by these codons?

# data[].attributes.body
Three codons are stop codons and act as signals from the end of a protein chain.

# data[].attributes.headline
28// Distinguish between a termination signal (terminator) and a stop codon.

# data[].attributes.subject
28// Distinguish between a termination signal (terminator) and a stop codon.

# data[].attributes.body
A terminator is the DNA sequence that signals the end of transcription, A stop codon signifies the end of the protein.

# data[].attributes.headline
27// What are the two types of mutations? define each.

# data[].attributes.subject
27// What are the two types of mutations? define each.

# data[].attributes.body
Gene mutations produce a change within a single gene. Chromosome mutations produce changes n the whole chromosome.

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26// what is the importance of mutations to life on earth?

# data[].attributes.subject
26// what is the importance of mutations to life on earth?

# data[].attributes.body
99 percent of mutations are harmful, 2 percent are lethal, less than 1 percent produce something better.

# data[].attributes.headline
25// Explain how a deletion or an addition of a nitrogen base might affect the protein being formed.

# data[].attributes.subject
25// Explain how a deletion or an addition of a nitrogen base might affect the protein being formed.

# data[].attributes.body
This can improperly group codons, and would alter the reading of the rest of the mRNA

# data[].attributes.headline
24// Explain how a substitution of one nitrogen base for a new nitrogen base might affect the protein being formed.

# data[].attributes.subject
24// Explain how a substitution of one nitrogen base for a new nitrogen base might affect the protein being formed.

# data[].attributes.body
The new nitrogen base would cause a new codon to form which could cause a different amino acid to end up on the protein chain.

# data[].attributes.headline
23// If a section along the DNA molecule had a nucleotide sequence of TACGCAATC, the complimentary section on the RNA molecule would be what?

# data[].attributes.subject
23// If a section along the DNA molecule had a nucleotide sequence of TACGCAATC, the complimentary section on the RNA molecule would be what?

# data[].attributes.body
AUGCUUAG

# data[].attributes.headline
22//When does a ribosome become functional?

# data[].attributes.subject
22//When does a ribosome become functional?

# data[].attributes.body
When the subunits attached to the mRNA

# data[].attributes.headline
21// Describe the structure of a ribosome

# data[].attributes.subject
21// Describe the structure of a ribosome

# data[].attributes.body
Ribosomes construct proteins, they are made up of rRNA and various proteins

# data[].attributes.headline
20//What might cause accidental damage or changes in existing DNA

# data[].attributes.subject
20//What might cause accidental damage or changes in existing DNA

# data[].attributes.body
Exposure to chemicals, radioactivity, X-rays, excessive exposure to ultraviolet light

# data[].attributes.headline
19// What is the advantage to the multiple sides of replication along the DNA molecule?

# data[].attributes.subject
19// What is the advantage to the multiple sides of replication along the DNA molecule?

# data[].attributes.body
DNA begins as origins of replication along and the DNA molecule speeds up the replication process

# data[].attributes.body
Deoxyribonucleic acid

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2//What two sides of the DNA molecule are held together across the center of the helix by what type of bond?

# data[].attributes.subject
2//What two sides of the DNA molecule are held together across the center of the helix by what type of bond?

# data[].attributes.body
Hydrogen Bond

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3//What is the name of the small repeating subunits that compose DNA and RNA?

# data[].attributes.subject
3//What is the name of the small repeating subunits that compose DNA and RNA?

# data[].attributes.body
Nucleotides

# data[].attributes.headline
4// What are the rungs of the DNA 'ladder' made of?

# data[].attributes.subject
4// What are the rungs of the DNA 'ladder' made of?

# data[].attributes.body
the 4 nitrogen bases
thymine, adenine, guanine, cytosines

# data[].attributes.headline
5//Inside the nucleus, the DNA is tightly wound around proteins called?

# data[].attributes.subject
5//Inside the nucleus, the DNA is tightly wound around proteins called?

# data[].attributes.body
Chromosomes

# data[].attributes.headline
6//Why did Watson and Crick refer to the DNA molecule as "double helix"?

# data[].attributes.subject
6//Why did Watson and Crick refer to the DNA molecule as "double helix"?

# data[].attributes.body
Because that's the shape of the molecule

# data[].attributes.headline
7//What is the name of the structure seen to the right?

# data[].attributes.subject
7//What is the name of the structure seen to the right?

# data[].attributes.body
butyric acid

# data[].attributes.headline
9//How did Chargaffs rules help Watson and crick develop their model of the DNA molecule?

# data[].attributes.subject
9//How did Chargaffs rules help Watson and crick develop their model of the DNA molecule?

# data[].attributes.body
His rules helped them see that adenine and thymine always pair up

# data[].attributes.headline
8//Label the three parts composing this structure

# data[].attributes.subject
8//Label the three parts composing this structure

# data[].attributes.body
From left to right; phosphate group, deoxyribose (sugar), nitrogen containing base

# data[].attributes.headline
11//The process of forming an exact copy of the DNA molecule is called what?

# data[].attributes.subject
11//The process of forming an exact copy of the DNA molecule is called what?

# data[].attributes.body
Replication

# data[].attributes.headline
12// What type of bond holds the nitrogen bases to one another across the middle of the helix?

# data[].attributes.subject
12// What type of bond holds the nitrogen bases to one another across the middle of the helix?

# data[].attributes.body
Hydrogen Bonds

# data[].attributes.headline
14//In what part of the cell does replication occur?

# data[].attributes.subject
14//In what part of the cell does replication occur?

# data[].attributes.body
In the S phase of Interphase

# data[].attributes.headline
10// What three critical things must genes be able to do?

# data[].attributes.subject
10// What three critical things must genes be able to do?

# data[].attributes.body
first genes have to carry information from one generation to the next. second they have to put that information to work by determining the heritable characteristics of organisms. third genes have to be easily copied, because all of a cells genetic information is replicated every time the cell divides.

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18// What is meant by "base-pairing" rules?

# data[].attributes.subject
18// What is meant by "base-pairing" rules?

# data[].attributes.body
The bases of the two DNA strands always pair up in he same way

# data[].attributes.headline
13// What type of bond connects one nucleotide to the next nucleotide?

# data[].attributes.subject
13// What type of bond connects one nucleotide to the next nucleotide?

# data[].attributes.body
Covalent Bonds

# data[].attributes.headline
15//When replication occurs, it takes place at multiple sites along the molecule called what

# data[].attributes.subject
15//When replication occurs, it takes place at multiple sites along the molecule called what

# data[].attributes.body
Origins of Replication

# data[].attributes.headline
17//Why is it so important that the DNA molecule is able to make copies of itself?

# data[].attributes.subject
17//Why is it so important that the DNA molecule is able to make copies of itself?

# data[].attributes.body
It is so important because DNA must copy itself in order to have enough DNA for the cell to divide

# data[].attributes.headline
16//What is the primary function of DNA?

# data[].attributes.subject
16//What is the primary function of DNA?

# data[].attributes.body
Store and transmit genetic information