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My role was a mixture between lighting, making sure the stage was well lit but no extreme lighting as hosts and guests need to be visible. As well as this i also worked on sound ensuring everyone's microphones were on and not over powering anyone else's. I also helped press record when the final product was being made. The lighting went well as we successfully planned out the lighting and which button or switched needed to be turned on or off and at what time. All together the teamwork could of been improved as there was a lot of disagreements which was quite time consuming.

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You have explained in some detail how multi camera productions operate with good use f terminology and illustrative examples

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Visual style discussed with some examples

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Visual style discussed with some examples

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examples from a show of what maintains audicn

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examples from a show of what maintains audicn

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BECTU stands for Broadcasting, Entertainment, Cinematograph and Theatre union. Newsround need to pay attention to BETCU as they supply their pay and contracts, they also provide training services to those who need it therefore without the BECTU they would have less staff members. BETCU also offer a wide range of network opportunities for those who are a member.

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PRS stands for Performing Right Society they have a big role in the music industry, it's their job to make sure music artists, songwriters and composers are paid when their music is played or performed in public.

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OFCOM stands for Office of communication, OFCOM revolves around the communication industry. They make sure people in the UK get the best of communication services and that they are protected from scams. Newsround need to follow OFCOM regulations as they ensure that it appeals to a range of interests and tastes. As well as this OFCOM ensure that the viewers of Newsround are protected by harmful or offensive footage or material.

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Newsround's production team have to follow the rules of:
. OFCOM
. PRS
. BECTU

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The only contributor during newsround was the host Whitney Henry however sometimes star guests participate for interviews such as Prince Harry and Whoopi Goldberg.

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What Video's or Stills would the production team need clearance for?

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What Video's or Stills would the production team need clearance for?

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During the episode of Newsround they show a clip of a Footballer being interviewed backstage, which is a private interview that only certain people can see, therefore they would have to get clearance for that clip as if they didn't they could be sued for showing private footage. As well as this they showed small clips of the previous Football match meaning they had to get clearance as they could be sued for Copyright. They also show a 23 second long clip of the Manager of Manchester City Pep Guardiola during a press Conference which they would need clearance for as it's limited footage and only News crews and Media industries are aloud in them. Further on in the episode Leah starts talking about NASA's latest product and shows images of the plans for it, they would need clearance for this because it's a newly projected project and NASA may not of been ready to release it yet.

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How do the production team get their jobs?

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How do the production team get their jobs?

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To be a Director they would have to have a Bachelor degree although it is not required, You also have to have a degree in one of the following Journalism, Film, Communication, Acting, Arts management or something similar to the Media industry. Directors have to have advanced knowledge and experience, they have to have skills in Communication, Leadership, Management, Business and Creativity as the Director has to focus on the artistic and dramatic aspects of productions. To be a Producer there are no set entry requirements however, experience in both Creative and Business sides of film, as well as a network or connections in the industry. The skills required to be a Producer are Creativity and Vison, Presentation and Negotiation, Leadership and Management ability, Planning and Organisation skills as well as Financial skills and the ability to work with a budget. Floor managers have to have a range of qualifications such as Drama and Theatre studies, Media studies, Photography, Film and Television. Many Floor Managers enter the industry without Degree's or HND and they work there way up from a junior role. In some circumstances practical experience is more important than qualifications. The skills required to be a Floor Manager are the ability to solve and avoid problems under pressure, a friendly and calm attitude, amazing communication skills to be able to receive, interpret and convey information accurately. As well as interpersonal skills in order to get the best out of different people and good organisational skills and the ability to multitask.

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Who's needed on Newsround's production team?

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Who's needed on Newsround's production team?

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On the production team they have a Producer, the producer takes care of supervising and controlling financial, administrative  and commercial aspects of producing a show, performance or Video and audio. However some producers take more executive jobs, which is things like pitching the idea to a TV network, although they tend to focus more on the business side of production such as budgets and contracts. Another member of the production team would be the Director, their job is to focus more on the artistic and dramatic aspects of a production. Directors also have the role of guiding the Technical crew and the casted crew or presenters, Directors choose the Cast members, production design and the creative aspects. The production team also include a floor manager, as a Floor Manager their job is to check the equipment before the show starts for example Microphones, Camera's and Earpieces. Floor Managers also have to replay commands from the Control room to the studio floor using a talk back device, they also have to manage the Audience as well as Staff discussing safety requirements with them and rules.

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How do the Technical team get their jobs?

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How do the Technical team get their jobs?

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One on the Technical teams is an Editor and to be an Editor you need a Bachelor's degree. Editors also have to have a degree in either Journalism, Communications, English or something similar. Editors are preferred to have a Entry level editorial experience and a range of skills such as Grammar, Creativity, Communication, and Working knowledge of publishing and communication tools. Another member of the technical team is the Vision mixer, to be a Vision Mixer you don't need specific qualifications however a Degree in some sort of Media or Drama related sector would be good. To become a Vision Mixer you need a wide range of knowledge  on Video engineering, Computer technology and ICT. Most Vision Mixers start of their jobs as Visual technicians or Graphic operators, doing an engineering course and getting a certificate programme in Digital technology are useful. Sound mixers are also apart of the Technical team, like a Vision mixer you don't need any set qualifications. Many Sound mixers start of being a Boom operator, a college degree or Tech diploma is not needed however you have to good basic understanding of the psychology of sound, as well as a good background of technical audio knowledge,

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Who's needed on Newsround's Technical team?

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Who's needed on Newsround's Technical team?

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On the Technical team they have a Vision Mixer, Vision mixers switch between a variety of different screens and camera angles to create special effects and a multi camera production. Vision Mixers are needed as they edit the show live by using different methods such as Cuts, Wipes and Frame manipulation, they join together different images using assets like camera's. Another member of the Technical production is a Sound Mixer, the Sound mixer supervises the whole crew from the Recordist to the Playback operator at times, Sound mixers have to focus on whether it's in a studio or not during the production, so they can alter the sound to match the location. The Editor is also apart of the Technical team, the Editor has a range of important roles that they have to do to ensure a smooth production for example they verify facts, statistics and dates using valuable sources before the Script is finalized. Editors also help to develop idea's for content and the storyline itself, as well as making them appeal to the target audience.

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Why are Risk assessments important to carry out?

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Why are Risk assessments important to carry out?

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Risk assessments are important to carry out before Tasks are started because they identify the hazards associated with the task or process at hand. They also identify those at risk and the people that maybe affected by the hazards for example students. Risk assessments are also important as they identify existing control procedures, It's very rare crew members will get injured so control procedures have to be ready just in case. Finally they're important because they help evaluate the risk altogether and make it a safer environment to work in.

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A risk assessment is a document that you do before carrying out a Task, Job or Process that you wish to do. They point out all health and safety hazards within the area of the task you have been set for example a Recording Studio.

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Why is a Recce important to do before filming in a location or studio?

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Why is a Recce important to do before filming in a location or studio?

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A Recce is very important to do before going to shoot in a location or studio, as they determine whether or not that specific spot is suitable enough to shoot in. They include necessary access to some facilities and assessments on any sound or lighting faults. They are also important as they can save film companies a lot of money and save budget cuts

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A Recce is a Pre- Filming visit to a certain Location to determine it's suitability for shooting.

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Dock 10 offers a variety of facilities for Staff and the Public such as:
.10 TV Studio's
. Green screen Studio
. Orchestral Studio
. Multi purpose Audio       Studio
. Broadcast space
. Event space
. Outdoor studio
. Remote gallery

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Dock 10 is the UK's number 1 TV facility. The Studio and the Post Production services produce and film popular TV shows such as The Voice and Match of the Day as well as, produce and film Commercials and Corporate video's for growing Brand's.

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Provision have a range of camera's that people are able to hire for example:
. Arri Alex SXT
. Amira
. Go Pro's
. Sony A7's
. Red Epic-

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A service which provides Audio and Visual Technology Dealer and Integrator. They specialize in presentation products and services for Education, Governments, Corporate and other markets. Most products are used in classrooms and conferences as they are things such as camera's.

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BBC is funded in a range of different ways, due to it being such a successful business. BBC air amazing programmes at affordable prices, things like The One Show are quite cheap to produce therefore the BBC increase their funding by airing this shows, as it gets thousands of views for a cheap price, as well as this it's free for the audience to view therefore bringing in more people. £3.9 million of the BBC funding comes from donations from individuals and companies such as, Gifts in kinds. Newsround however as it's apart of the BBC business is funded by the BBC itself, therefore depending on the amount of profit BBC makes on other shows determines whether or not Newsround continues airing.

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What are the constraints of filming at a festival

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What are the constraints of filming at a festival

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One constraint of filming at a festival is expenses, as festivals tend to be huge when they happen it means they're more things to cover and more coverage is needed. Therefore more camera's are need to make sure they have full coverage meaning the price of filming increases as more equipment and thought needs to be applied. Climate changes are also a constraint of filming a festival, many festivals are held outside such as Glastonbury festival. Due this filming could become harder as the original equipment required may not be waterproof or made for a certain climate, therefore other equipment would need to be involved. Health and safety is also a massive constraint for filming, as the festival would be crowded constantly and moving about or even having the equipment on site could be dangerous, towards others as some tend to come in large proportions.

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What techniques are used to keep the audience interested?

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What techniques are used to keep the audience interested?

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One technique is the vision mixing, this is the switching of camera's to show different point of views and parts in different angles and shots. This keeps the audience interested as it gives them a range of footage from the festival and allows them to learn more about it and be more involved in it by experiencing the different features of it. As well as this the number of performances is huge and varies between different music genres like electro and pop. This keeps the audience interested as there is something for everyone during the festival, due to this most people would want to wait till they have seen their favourite performer and music genre. The festival is full of different features such as music, performers, food and entertainment there are things for everyone to enjoy which keeps many people interested as they will see the wide range of activities and wish to join in or see what happens next.

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How is meaning communicated to the viewers?

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How is meaning communicated to the viewers?

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Extreme wide shots are used within the festival as they show the stage as a whole with some of the audience, showing a wider range of detail within the festival, it allows the audience to get a wider view of the festival and more footage of it. They also use extreme wide shots when showing the festival as a whole sometimes they tend to zoom over the audience of the festival and some of the stalls in one shot allowing the viewers to get an inside of the festival, as a whole instead of just the stage. During the festival they use a range of very wide shots which allow a wider view of the performer at the time, with some of the background in view however in less detail. This allows the audience to connect with the performer more and focus more on the performer than the rest of the crowd it gives the audience a moment to connect with the performer. Mid shots are also used within the festival, this allows the audience to view the performer only allowing them to get a closer understanding of the performers style ad representation. The vision mixers switch between different camera's depending on what they think is appropriate at that time, as well as allowing the audiences interest to stay throughout the festival and for them to get a close experience on the different features and assets of the festival.

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Camera's are placed around the festival to get full footage of the whole show. One area it covers is the main stage using Extreme wide shots or Very wide shots this camera would be located in the centre or on the left hand side. Another area covered is the audience itself using a range of Extreme Wide shots this camera would be located on a crane. Another area located is he performer themselves this would be covered by using a range of mid shots and Medium close up's depending on what the vision mixer wants to do, this camera would be located either on a crane closer to the stage of on a camera on the left and right side of the stage.

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Unlike X Factor and The Graham Norton the Glastonbury festival is held in Somerset on a massive patch of land. Due to this the main stage is massive so a large amount of people can gather around and watch it. As well as this there are a range of different stages at a smaller size jotted around the patch of land so people are spread out a bit more and not all gathered around one stage. As for the camera shots they use a range throughout the festival. They use a range of wide shots when focusing on the performance and the stage in one shot, they also use Mid shots to focus on the singer only in more detail. Extreme wide shots are also used when focusing on the audience and land as a whole in one shot, for this shot they tend to use a Crane as it gives them a better perspective. The Glastonbury stage is for the BBC audience to help make them feel like they're at the actual festival. The BBC use crowd shots to give the audience the view of what could be going on around them and their area for example this shot of the people attending the festival shows how popular the festival, and as you can see they're all jumping around and on each others shoulders showing that the festival is very entertaining and successful.

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In terms of Music genres there is a range of genres included within the festival, as there are different stages for different music types for example Pop, Rock, Dance and Alternative. The different music genres change each year as they have different line ups for artists for example this year DJ Kaylord and Jack Jones will make an appearance, however last year Adele and Coldplay made an appearance and they're both in different genre's. However in terms of it being on TV it would be in the Reality section as it's happening in the moment and it's something that people actually experience and not made up.

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The ticket format for Glastonbury is that you have to register online and then purchase them on the Glastonbury festival website. The Glastonbury festival lasts for 5 days in total, it is always held in England, Somerset. As the event is outside the stage is massive therefore people far back can also see it someway or another, as well as this place the audience stand goes very far back able to fit many people in to it. A range of different music genre's and acts are performed on the different stages they have, they have a massive main stage however, they also have smaller stages dotted around the area for the range of artists they have who perform.

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One limitation of using a TV studio is the paperwork and documents that follow with production such as Recce's, Risk assessment's and Health and Safety checks as they increase when you do them for a studio. Your space is limited as well in a studio due to Equipment, Machinery and Crew members therefore filming can only go up to a certain point for example things like Green screens and Windows can only get you to a certain point. Another limitation is due to such a small place and so much equipment and objects in the background, camera angles and shots are limited as you can't do thing like Extreme Wide shots can't be used due to the space.

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What techniques are used to keep the audience interested?

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What techniques are used to keep the audience interested?

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One technique is the Vision mixer, they control which camera to change to at what point this keeps the audience interested because they will want to know what's going to come on next. Graham Norton uses humour to keep the audience interested although it's a chat show and there purpose is to find out information on other subjects such as celebrities, Graham puts a comedic twist to his show which keeps his show light hearted, interesting and funny for the audience. Like all Multi camera production they use a range of camera shots and angles to keep the audience interested. The Graham Norton show is also quite fast pace so the same topic or person isn't being talked about or seen for a long period of time.

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How is meaning communicated to the viewers?

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How is meaning communicated to the viewers?

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Wide Shots are used to focus on the guests or the host in a wider frame however, also getting in the background a bit to get a better view of how the show is set. They also use a range of Very Wide shot to focus more on the background than the object, this allows the audience to keep interest in the show as the shots are always changing and it also, allows them to understand more on where it's set than the people on it. Medium close ups are also used when focusing on one person talking, this allows the audience connect in a personal way with that person on like a one to one basis. In a rare circumstance they use Mid shots but only when focusing on the host as this gives the audience a better interaction with the host and show itself. The Vision mixer switches between camera's throughout the production, this helps the audience keep interest so they're not looking at the same person or frame for to long. As you can see the cameras tend to do close ups of Graham Norton or the stars on that specific episode this is so the audience can see the reaction of the presenter when he says specific things that may cross the line or may be really funny so they can feel how he feels and find it funnier than it would be if the camera was on the guests when he says to. As well as this they also use close ups on the guests to show their reaction to certain topics or jokes giving the audience a better inside on the jokes and to give them the actually feel of what they're feeling.

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The Camera coverage spreads throughout the production to cover every area. An area it covers is the Interviewing area using either wide shots or very wide shots, this camera would be located in the front centre. Another area would be the Introduction area where he introduces the events taking place this episode and uses illustrative text, this camera would also be located at the front centre but can change to the front right or left depending on what angle you want him. There is also coverage of the whole stage including some camera's behind the scenes using either a crane camera or JIB, this camera would be placed more towards the audience on the right hand side. The Graham Norton show has plenty of coverage throughout the production so nothing is missed.

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The stage for the Graham Norton show is quite big for a studio, it allows a couch and desk with a TV in the back, a projector, performing stage and space to move around compared to other chat shows like Alan Carr it's big. Graham Norton only has a small desk with enough space to put drinks and documents on therefore providing him with more space. They use a range of Medium close ups when focusing on one person talking, they also use wide shots although not much only at the beginning when Graham is talking to the audience. Very wide shot's are seen throughout the filming when focusing on all guests and the host himself in one shot, it's very rare but Mid shot's are also shown throughout the production when focusing on the host only. As well as this bright colours are used such as Orange and vibrant purple to make the show stand out and seem more interesting to both viewers and guests as it helps the atmosphere of the show, become more relaxed and calming it gives the show more of a fun theme to it. As you can see on the picture there are drinks displayed on the table, inside these drinks are things like wine and champaign. By doing this it gives off more off a logical side of the show as people talk more when alcohol is involved, it bring peoples spirits up and gives them more motivation to talk more. Another visual style the show uses is the screen shown at the back of Graham Norton as you can see a star is displayed on the screen this is to show that he wants the show to be a star show, as well as it showing that he has guests who are stars who participate on the show kind of like a hidden message as others think it means one thing but it means something else.

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The Graham Norton show has 2 types of genres. The main one is Comedy although it's a chat show and they tend to be serious most of the time like Loose Women, the Graham Norton show has a comedy twist to it throughout the show it's quite light hearted and not very serious they tend to make fun of each other, in a way where it's humorous for both guests and audience. The other category is Drama although it is very rare sometimes they act out scenes from other shows or ones they have made up to entertain the audience, although not shown a great deal it is a very important genre.

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The Graham Norton Show S16E05 Benedict Cumberbatch  Timothy Spall  Miranda Hart

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The Graham Norton Show S16E05 Benedict Cumberbatch Timothy Spall Miranda Hart The Graham Norton Show is a British comedy chat show broadcast on BBC One in the United Kingdom. It was originally shown on BBC Two from February 2007 to May 2009 until it moved to BBC One from October 2009.

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The Graham Norton show is held in the same Studio's every episode in London. Due to it being a chat show he does a lot of talking to the audience at the beginning of the show, usually just about random things to do with the guests and an introduction to today's show, whilst doing this he uses illustrative text to back up the point or joke he is making. Further on he moves over to sit down with his guests of the show, instead of having a one to one chat with each guest like other chat shows for example Ellen, he sits them all down on the couch and talks to them all together so all of them can join in. The show also doesn't really have a set Format it's all about including everyone in the interaction.

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One limitation of using a TV Studio is the confined space, although you can get big TV Studio's a lot of equipment is required to make a production such as Camera's, Vision Mixer, Green Screen and more limiting your filming space. Another limitation of using a TV Studio is there is only so much one can do in a Studio, you can easily change backgrounds using a Green screen or add in Sound effects but the production would like the image and feeling of Reality. Price is another limitation TV studio's cost a lot of money to work in so adding that up with all the Equipment, Bills and Staff is a lot of money wasted. Health and safety is a massive limitation in the Studios you have to look out for Wires, Cables, plugs and Machinery therefore a Risk assessment and Recce would have to be produced and although you have to do one anyway before filming, it's more time consuming in a studio than in an actual location.

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What techniques are used to maintain audiences interests?

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What techniques are used to maintain audiences interests?

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The producers don't want the audience to lose interest so to prevent this, they use a variety of shot types and angles. They also make the programme more fast paced so the viewers don't get bored of watching it, it keeps them interested to see what's going to come on the screen next. X Factor has a range of different talent although it's a singing competition there are a range of music genre's such as Country, Acapella and Rock, and therefore keeps many people interested because everyone likes a certain genre of music. They have a way of making the viewers stay by using VT and music to control people's emotions.

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X Factor UK 2016 WORST AUDITIONS so far #1

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How is meaning communicated to the viewer?

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How is meaning communicated to the viewer?

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Mid shots are used to show people's facial expressions, emotions and body language. They're are also 2 shots ready that switch between 2 people to show someone's remark and someone's reaction to it. Wide shots are used to show multiple people or objects in one shot with a bit more background in, in this case the judges panel to show each of their reactions, expressions and body language in one shot giving the audience a better understanding of what's going on. An extreme wide shot is used to show of more of the surroundings than an object it gives the audience a better insight of what it's like on stage, behind the scenes and as a whole as a production. The Vision mixer switches between camera's depending on the mood that's set for example, if someone completely ridiculous comes on stage the Vision mixer would focus more on the judges reaction than any other aspect, so he would show wide shots and close ups of the judges panel and each judge, the audience watching it who are waiting to audition and the act itself.

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As X Factor is a Multi camera production it has a range of camera shots and angle's they use to cover all footage. X Factor tend to use a Wide shot often as to capture all 4 judges in one shot, to get all their reactions at once. They also use medium close ups when one person is talking to show the importance of what they're saying, with some Mid shots as well combined as to get more of the background involved.  On a rare occasion they use a very wide shot to capture the stage, judges panel, contestant and even some of the camera's behind the scenes in one shot. A Crane is used in the production of X Factor as they need to get coverage of the judges and contestant in different ways and as close as possible. They're are also 2 Jib's on set although both are not always in operation and if they are they tend to use one more than the other.