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Athens was the largest Greek city-state, approaching a population of approximately 100,000 by 500-450 B.C. The other Greek city-states rarely had populations as many as 40,000 people. ... Thus, the ancient Greeks knew that the cost of urban growth became prohibitably high at certain levels of population

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Persia started to invade Greece and conquered Thrace and Macedonia two years later they invaded Greece and even though the Athenians were outnumbered they defeated the Persians

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This was an alliance of city-states with Athens as a leader. The league had 140 city-states that contributed with money or ships. Delian built an empire based on the Delian League.

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When Pericles failed to unite Greece with Athens, dissatisfaction was created and the Athens and the Corinth were divided over trade. Tensions broke out between the Athens and Sparta and this started the war.

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The Battle of Salamis was fought by 2 alliance of Greek city-states it ended in an ending of outnumberance

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After ten years of uneasy peace Persia tried to invade Greece again. This time three city states joined forces. The Persians had to go through a small mountain pass called Thermopylae were 300 Spartans held them for three days and refused to surrender until every single one of them was dead. This delay helped Greece win the war because in those three days they gathered there forces in preparation for the attack.

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Greeks in the Asia Minor rebelled against Persian rule, Athens helped these Greeks rebel, Persia easily crushed these rebellions but was mad at Athens for helping. After that a number of attacks ensued called the Persian wars. Persia invaded Greece but was defeated at the Battle of Marathon

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Spartans were into war while the Athenians were big on growing crops and trade. Farmers for athenians went overseas to make colonies while the Spartans had strict rules.
A similarity between the two groups were they had slaves. Another similarity is they both sent men to school to train for the military

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The sophist made schools for older boys who studied government,mathematics,ethnics, and rhetoric. At the age of 18, young men were trained in the military.

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The sophist made schools for older boys who studied government, mathematics,  ethnics, and rhetoric. At the age of 18, men were trained for the military.

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There were two councils in the spartan government one consisted off 28 male citizens over the age of 60 who were usually wealthy aristocratic men. The other consisted of every male citizen over the age of 30. The second council elects 5 ephors who kept the 2 kings I'm

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Farmers grew olives,grapes and figs and planted them on terraced hillsides. Colonies imported and exported goods to Greece. Farmers and workers were sent overseas to set up colonies. Trade was big for The Athens because they imported grains and other foods. They also built temples and public buildings.

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All men must serve in the military. Spartan men can not move home until age 30. Girls and boys both study music in order to learn discipline and coordination. There was not much literature, art, philosophy, or science because they were so focused on the military. The previous inhabitants called helots were made into slaves by the spartan people even though the helots outnumbered the Spartans