# data[].attributes.body
http://integracion-academica.org/20-volumen-4-numero-11-2016/132-calidad-de-vida-percibida-en-personas-obesas

El aumento significativo del peso corporal trae consigo diversas dificultades. Primero que todo, la obesidad presenta comorbilidad con una serie de patologías digestivas, neurológicas y psicológicas. Además, esta enfermedad se asocia con una mala calidad de vida, ya que afecta el diario vivir de las personas que la padecen (Mokdad, Bowman, Ford, Vinicor, Marks & cols., 2001). Debe entenderse que la obesidad se presenta como una patología con características crónicas, es decir, cada vez irá perjudicando e interfiriendo con diversos sistemas fisiológicos y sociales deteriorando la calidad de vida, como también reduciendo las expectativas de vida (Lee, Yu, Wang, Lin, Wei, & Huang, 2002).

so, IS IT POSSIBLE TO HAVE A GOOD QUALITY OF LIFE WHEN A PERSON EXPERIENCES OBESITY?
- One study done by Poves, Macías, Cabrera, Situ y Ballesta (2005) shows that people experiencing obesity have a poorer quality of live due to the lack of incorporation in some social activities.

Another study done by Poves y cols, (2009) says that there would not be significant differences regarding the perception of the quality of life in both sexes. Therefore, in both groups there would be a poor quality of life when people are obese.

Obese women present a general deterioration, with respect to how they perceive their own health, since they frequently refer physical pain associated with mobility, as well as they report changes in their emotional reactions (emotional lability), intervening in their daily activities.

Quality of life is affected in obese patients, physical function and public concern being the most affected areas (p <0.0001), being directly proportional to the degree ofobesity.https://www.uv.mx/blogs/posgrado/files/2014/04/CARTEL_CONACYT-armando.pdf

http://www.elsevier.es/es-revista-endocrinologia-nutricion-12-articulo-calidad-vida-relacionada-con-salud-9367 This article talks about the aspects that affect quality of life (CVRS) in obese patients.
It also talks about how loosing weight or operations influence on the quality of life .

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.title
Mark Bittman: What's wrong with what we eat

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.description
In this fiery and funny talk, New York Times food writer Mark Bittman weighs in on what's wrong with the way we eat now (too much meat, too few plants; too much fast food, too little home cooking), and why it's putting the entire planet at risk.

# data[].attributes.headline
HEALTH BEHAVIOR, ILLNESS BEHAVIORS & SICK ROLE

# data[].attributes.subject
HEALTH BEHAVIOR, ILLNESS BEHAVIORS & SICK ROLE

# data[].attributes.body
1.The intervention is called the TriAtiva Program: Education, Nutrition and Physical Activity.
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4411799/

It is year-long initiative which aimed to implement educational activities about healthy eating and physical activity so as to develop a favourable environment for student health. The nutrition education and physical activity interventions involved in the program were developed and implemented by a research team of nutritionists, physical education teachers and professors of nutrition and physical education. All interventions were adapted to each school year based on a participative and playful approach.

The nutrition education intervention was centred on healthy eating and related topics, such as food groups, the origin and production of different food items, and the selection of healthy foods. The aim of these activities was to promote healthy eating by increasing fruit and vegetable intake, reducing the consumption of processed and highly caloric foods and drinks, and increasing water intake. To encourage water intake, each student was given a bottle.

To encourage the consumption of the school meals offered by the National Student Nutrition Program (NSNP) and of healthy foods and drinks brought from home, a competition was set up. Students who ate their meals at school or brought healthy snacks from their homes received raffle tickets, and the winner of each class received a medal, a soccer ball and a certificate of participation. The school menu was planned by government nutritionists, and school cafeterias were run in accordance with Municipal Law (n° 10.167)

The physical education program was based on a Developmental Physical Activity approach, and implemented through outdoor recreational activities which aimed to improve interpersonal relationships, group work, motor skills, aerobic fitness, coordination and agility, and encourage self-expression through dance and music. Children were also encouraged to substitute activities such as watching television, using the computer or playing videogames by more active leisure-time pursuits.

Recreational activities based on popular games were also implemented, such as hopscotch, potato-sack races, and Simon Says, all of which were performed in combination with the nutrition education intervention. The intervention group also followed the regular physical education curriculum, which included two 50-minute physical education classes a week.

Parents were also motivated to modify their own eating habits in addition to their children’s, and to increase their physical activity levels. Two meetings were held per year in each school to stimulate parental participation and give parents the opportunity to ask any questions they may have regarding the health of their children.

Outcome measurements
The primary outcome of the present study was body mass, while its secondary outcomes were waist circumference, percent body fat, blood pressure and behavioural variables such as eating habits and physical activity levels, as well as the prevalence, incidence and remission rates of obesity.
Outcomes were measured at baseline and immediately after the intervention.

Therefore, the TriAtiva Program: Education, Nutrition and Physical Activity aimed to implement educational activities centred on healthy eating and physical activity to create an environment which would promote child health.

2. 5-4-3-2-1 Go! Coordinating Pediatric Resident Education and Community Health Promotion to Address the Obesity Epidemic in Children and Youth

3. Health status and behavior among middle-school

children in a midwest community: What are the

underpinnings of childhood obesity?

# data[].attributes.body
1. This is a study of coping responses to stigma experienced by women and men.
http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1038/oby.2006.208/full
-Positive self-talk |
-Eating
-Heading off negative remarks
-Social support from non-overweight people
-Using faith, religion, prayer
-Seeing the situation as the other person's problem
-Self-love, self-acceptance
-Ignoring situation, making no response
-Humor, witty comebacks, or joking
-Crying, isolating myself
-Social support from other overweight people

2. In this second study :
https://www.nature.com/articles/0800765.pdf?origin=ppub
The most frequent coping responses employed by obese persons were the use of positive self-statements, attempts to `head off' negative remarks by socially disarming people who might otherwise be critical, and

using faith, religion and prayer for self-consolation. Respondents reported that they used these strategies from `once a month' to `several times a year.' Infre- quently used coping strategies included educating oneself and others about obesity and obesity stigma- tization, being insulting and rude to the stigmatizer, seeking therapy because of stigma, and resorting to physical violence. These strategies were reportedly used an average of `once in my life.'

# data[].attributes.body
Obesity is one of the most pervasive, chronic deseases in need of more strategies for medical treatment and prevention.
As for the definition, it is defined as an excess adipose tissue.

There are several different methods for determining excess adipose (fat) tissue :
The most common is the Body Mass Index (BMI) .
WHAT IS BMI?
Body Mass Index (BMI) is a mathematical calculation involving height and weight, irrespective of family history, gender, age or race. BMI is calculated by dividing a person's body weight in kilograms by their height in meters squared (weight [kg] height [m]2) or by using the conversion with pounds (lbs) and inches (in) squared as shown below, This number can be  misleading, however, for very muscular people, or for pregnant or lactating women.

[Weight (lbs) ÷ height (in)2  ] x 704.5 =BMI

Another method is Waist Circumference

Waist circumference is another widely used measurement to determine abdominal fat content. An excess of abdominal fat, when out of proportion to total body fat, is considered a predictor of risk factors related to obesity. Men with a waist measurement exceeding 40 inches are considered at risk. Women are at risk with a waist measurement of 35 inches or greater.

A fat cell is an endocrine cell and adipose tissue is an endocrine organ

# data[].attributes.body
Below 18.5                    Underweight
18.5-24.9                      Normal weight
24.5-29.9                      Overweight
30 and greater               Obese
40 and greater               Morbid or extreme obesity

# data[].attributes.body
- managing symptoms , copying with physical incapacity and other disturbing symptoms.
- Dealing with medical treatment and procedures.
- Dealing with new healthy food habits .
- The preservation of the emocional balance because when diet changes, it can affect all our system and emocional as well.
- Dealing with your image and preserving a satisfactory self-image

# data[].attributes.body
Fortunately, there are lots of interventions that can be used to cope with stress in obesity patients and some of them can be :
- Create a stress diary can be a good option to write down the days you are more stressed and why, just to have a control of ourselves and think about what can I do to change it.
- Get organized, try to have schedules with my things, follow the diets.
- Social media and support: That means you can use social media to chat with your friends, see videos and documentaries people with obesity do and write the advices and tips. Also support from relatives  and friends is one of the most important things. Try to get in contact with them as many time as you can.
- Physical exercise and relaxation techniques. That is a good way to eliminate stress. Go out running or walking, breath fresh air and relax your mind. Also exercise help you to eliminate bad toxins accumulated in the body . As for relaxing techniques with professionals, this also helps a lot.
- Positive thinking : This is one of the most important ones. Be optimistic, follow the instructions specialists give to you, advices, diets and always keep positive. That's the way you will overcome obesity and any other challenges.

# data[].attributes.body
Cognitive behavioral therapy

Cognitive behavioral therapy is extremely popular. It combines behavioral therapy with cognitive therapy. Treatment is centered around how someone’s thoughts and beliefs influence their actions and moods. It often focuses on a person’s current problems and how to solve them. The long-term goal is to change a person’s thinking and behavioral patterns to healthier ones.

Cognitive behavioral play therapy

Cognitive behavioral play therapy is commonly used with children. By watching children play, therapists are able to gain insight into what a child is uncomfortable expressing or unable to express. Children may be able to choose their own toys and play freely. They might be asked to draw a picture or use toys to create scenes in a sandbox. Therapists may teach parents how to use play to improve communication with their children.

mindfulness based cognitive therapy

# data[].attributes.body
• What are the key features of the illness?
- The body mass index is above the normal index for his/her age or high (IMC).
- anxiety
- Lack of mobility
- Respiratory insufficiency
- Digestive and cardiovascular problems
- Metabolic disorders, etc.

• Describe the main effects of this illness on the individual?
- Suffers anxiety
- Low self-steem
- Difficulty in doing exercise and mobility
- Joint injuries in knees, feet or hip.

# data[].attributes.body
Stress can be both, a cause or an outcome.
In terms of cause we can define it as  a situation, stimuli or condition that causes distress. And in terms of an outcome we can refer to changes in our body in relation to the stimuli perceived.

In relation to obesity :
chronic stress is one of the risk factors for obesity.
Elevated levels of basal activation of the sympathetic nervous system have been observed in patients with metabolic disorders such as diabetes, which are common in obese individuals, and there is some evidence to suggest that elevated basal SNS activation may be predictive of obesity.

Also, stress have an important impact on appetite. For some people it can be a bad impact in terms of they eat more and for others, stress can eliminate their desire to it. In both cases, it has a bad impact on well-being although most people say when they are stressed, they don't fatten.