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Dred Scott was a slave who sought his freedom through the American legal system. The 1857 decision by the United States Supreme Court in the Dred Scott case denied his plea, determining that no African American, was or could ever be a citizen.

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Uncle Toms Cabin is a novel which showed the stark reality of slavery and is generally regarded as one of the major causes of the Civil War. The novel was written in 1852 by American author Harriet Beecher Stowe.

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Many southern states decided they no longer wanted to be a part of the United States. Starting with South Carolina, eleven states ended up leaving the United States. They formed the Confederate States of America. Abraham Lincoln said they did not have the right to leave. He sent troops to the South from leaving. This started the Civil War.

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Abraham Lincoln was elected president. He was against slavery and a Republican. The South felt he was against slavery and them.

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First fight over slavery started in Kansas in 1854. The Kansas-Nebraska Act allowed residents of Kansas to vote whether or not they wanted to be a slave state or free state. Many supporters of both sides and they fought for several years. It was called Bleeding Kansas because of the several people killed. Kansas became a free state in 1861.

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The South relied on slaves for labor and work in fields. People in the North felt slavery was evil and wanted slavery to be illegal. These people were called abolitionists. John Brown, Frederick Douglass, Harriet Tubman, and Harriet Beecher Stowe convinced people slavery was evil. The South feared their way of life would end.

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For every new state added to the United States power shifted between the North and South. The South feared they would lose so much power that they would lose all their rights.

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Since the Constitution was written there were arguments of how much power states should have and how much power the federal government should have. Southern states felt the federal government was taking away their power.

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The northern states moved away from farming and moved to industry. Northern states did not need slaves. Southern states were still farming and relied on slaves.