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the process of the genetic material in populations of organisms changing over time.

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the development of an organism expresses all the intermediate forms of its ancestors throughout evolution.

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A primitive structure in humans that correlates to a functional structure or organ in ancestral animals.
Ex. Appendix
Organs that don't necessarily have a function.

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Example of a bone or an organ that is present in various animals. This meaning, that animals that are different but have a same bone or organ they are relates.

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The change in frequency of an existing gene variant from random sampling.

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A type of natural selection through preference in a certain characteristic in one sex.

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The evolution of different forms or structures in related species as they adapt to different environments.

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Gene flow is the exchange of genes between two separate populations.

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The change of the structure of a gene, resulting in a variant form that could be passed down to later generations.

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Natural selection is the process by which animals that are well adapted to the environment tend to survive and produce more offspring.

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Famously known for the death of the dinosaurs. Although, ammonites did perish after the asteroid hit. Flowering plants did survive, as well as the last of the pterosaurs. Good evidence shows that an asteroid did hit. An addition to the asteroid, huge flood basalts, deposited at the time. 65.5 Million years ago.

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By this time, Pangaea was formed. The life at the time was made up of ammonites, mollusks, sea urchins, giant reptiles, frogs, crocodiles, turtles and species living in lakes and rivers. At the time of late-Triassic mammals made an appearance. Ending in either a volcanic eruption or an asteroid. Though pretty much all life got wiped out, dinosaurs survived to dominate the Jurassic era. 251 to 199 Million years ago

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Affected not only sea creatures but many different organisms in many different environments. Marine communities WERE affected the most though. This caused most of the extinction of the marine invertebrates of that time.  Synapsids and Sauropsids dominated the Permian lands while in the marine habitats, sponges and coral species were abundant. What caused this extinction was unclear but research comes to the idea of massive asteroid or massive volcanic eruptions in China and Siberia. 299 to 251 Million years ago

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http://www.ucmp.berkeley.edu/permian/permian.php

http://www.bbc.co.uk/nature/extinction_events

http://www.nationalgeographic.com/science/prehistoric-world/triassic/

https://www.livescience.com/43219-permian-period-climate-animals-plants.html

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Three-quarters of the Earth's population got wiped out in this mass extinction, though the whole extinction took place over a course of several million years with smaller events. Mostly shallow sea creatures and coral reefs were affected. Land living vertebrates appeared at this time, as did terrestrial arthropods. Tons of wingless insects were alive at the time. 358 Million years ago

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Being the third greatest mass extinction in Earth's history, this era had two peak dying times. With barely any land creatures at the time, this era was made up of mostly sea creatures such as, brachiopods, trilobites, and graptolites. Because of an ice age, 85% of sea life died off. Rapid cooling caused the first wave of extinction. The second wave is thought to be caused by sea-level fall due to the glaciation. 443 Million years ago

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VARIATION: Mutation
INHERITANCE: DNA and Sexual Selection
SELECTION: Selection and Genetic Drift
TIME: Migration/ Gene Flow