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2. What is the problem being solved?

The problem is our waterways are getting polluted due the sewage contaminating the water system.Our sewage is high in nutrients and harmful microbes that can waterlife. We are also running out of storage for the world never ending supply of sewage. It is harmful to us and it really stinks.

Your wastewater is transported through an 8000 kilometre public wastewater network to one of 18 wastewater treatment plants. However, the majority of Auckland’s wastewater is treated at either the Mangere or the Rosedale treatment plants.

3. Name the microbe.

Brocadia anammoxidans is a type of microbe that can survive without oxygen and can make energy out of nutrients commonly found in sewage waste. This bacteria help enormously in controlling the amount of sewage we have. The bacteria is efficient and cheap.

4. Describe the process

The sewage goes through primary, secondary and tertiary process which break down different parts of the sewage. Since the sewage contains harmful bacteria it is taken through a machine that breaks it down using aerobic digestion. After this aerobic digestion, and a variety of other purification procedures, the liquid portion of the sewage is usually safe to discharge into rivers or the sea.

This process helps stop harmful bacteria like Salmonella that was in the sewage but they mostly die during the process. We need to reduce the amount of organic matter that is put into the environment. If not, the harmful microbes will reproduce rapidly and all other fish and creatures will die. This is why sewage must be treated and why we need aerobic microbes to break down the waste.

Wastewater treatment plant

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Your padlet should include

A description of the product being made e.g. cheese

A description of the problem microbes are being used to solve e.g. sewage, oil spills

The name of the bacteria involved in the process

A simple description of the process in which the bacteria are involved

How the bacteria are used in the process

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Sewage is a type of waste flushed down toilets, sinks and down drains. Sewage can include body waste, dirt, scum, plastics, and chemicals. This image down here is an emoji of sewage. To find out more about sewage

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MAKING CHEESEEEEEEEE

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Kombucha is a probiotic drink. This is made from fermented tea and SCOBY. Originated in China thousands of years ago. The trend of drinking Kombucha started about 2 years ago. Many people drink Kombucha and unlike most trends Kombucha hasn't been forgotten about. In most trendy places serve Kombucha.

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Cheese is a food made from milk cheese has a wide range of flavours and textures. Some floors of cheese include Colby, Edam,Cheddar,Tasty, Parmesan it can even be moody (but a good type)Cheese also gets protein and fat from milk, cheese is normally  made from the milk  of cows, buffalo, goats, or sheep. Cheese is a ancient biotechnology.

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Lactococci is a circular lactic-acid witch produces bacteria and lactobacilli rod-shaped lactic-acid producing bacteria.
Lactococcus lactis strains are essential components for the manufacture of fermented dairy products.

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Silage is grass from farming fields that has been mushed up or 'pickled' The grass is cut and then fermented to keep as much of the sugars and proteins (nutrients).

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Cheese is milk formed into a solid in a form that you can eat. Some types of cheese are mouldy (in a nice way)!! The typical cheese it yellow and holy.

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Cheese is an ancient biotechnology. The main ingredient in cheese is milk from Cows, Buffalos, Sheep, Goats, ect. There are lots of different ranges/types of cheese (Colby, Edam, Tasty, Cheddar, ect). Cheese is made from the pressed curds of milk.

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Azotobacter
Azospirillum
Frankia
Bradyrhizobium
Paenibacillus

Herbaspirillum seropedicae

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Kombucha is so good for our bodies. It is mainly used for cleansing the gut and digestive system. Some of the other uses are.

Improved Digestion

Weight Loss

Increased Energy

Cleansing and Detoxication

Immune Support

Reduced Joint Pain

Cancer Prevention

Scoby is not just helpful for our body but it is also helpful for our environment. When scoby is dried out it can be used for clothing. Unlike cotton, scoby decomposes within 40 hours. The down side of using this material is, when it gets wet it starts dissolving.

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Scoby stands for Symbiotic culture of bacteria and yeast. SCOBY has the texture similar to an octopus. SCOBY produces slime which sometimes bonds with the yeast. SCOBY is made up from bacteria and fungus.

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Kombucha/Tea Mushroom is a fermented tea. The ingredients used to make it are tea, vinegar, sugar, water, and SCOBY. The SCOBY helps the kombucha to brew causing it to later on fizz. During the fermentation process the SCOBY produces yeast. You let the kombucha mixture ferment for an average of 7-10 days this just depends on how you like your kombucha. After fermenting bottle up drink straight away or bottle it up storing in the fridge.

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Kombucha includes the microbes fungus and bacteria. Both of these elements come from the SCOBY. The fungus is yeast. Not all Kombucha contains the same bacteria though. Acteobecter this is aerobic oxygen. Saccharomyces this is also aerobic and has strains of yeast and alcohol. Brettanomyces this is also has similar affects to Saccharomyces. Lactobacillus this type of bacteria is also found in yoghurt, but is sometimes not found in kombucha. Pedioccus this forms slime like textures also not always found in kombucha. Glucomacetobacter which feeds on nitrogen and acids and is a contributor on growing the SCOBY. Zygosaccharomyces this long word my be overwhelming but weirdly it does one on the simpler jobs carbonating the drink (making fizzy) and also alcohol. Because of the 2 microbes that feature in Kombucha it makes it more probiotic

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Sewage is the liquid waste from toilets, baths, showers, kitchens, etc. that is disposed of via sewers. In many areas sewage also includes some liquid waste from industry and commerce.

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A diagram showing how it works.

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Nitrogen fixation | Definition, Process, Examples, Types, & Facts

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Nitrogen fixation, any natural or industrial process that causes free nitrogen, which is a relatively inert gas plentiful in air, to combine chemically with other elements to form more-reactive nitrogen compounds such as ammonia, nitrates, or nitrites. Learn more about nitrogen fixation in this article.

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The process used is called nitrogen fixation. Nitrogen-fixing bacteria is used because the nitrogen in the air is not easily combined with other elements. Nitrogen gas can not be processed by most living things. It has to be changed into a usable form. Nitrogen gas (N2) spreads into the ground from the air, and the bacteria changes this into ammonium ions (NH4+), which plants can use. Farmers grow legumes because they have nodules on their roots that have nitrogen-fixing bacteria.
Through lightning: Lightning changes nitrogen gas into ammonia and nitrate (NO3) that goes into the soil through rainfall.
People have learned how to transform nitrogen gas to ammonia (NH3-) and fertilisers with a lot of nitrogen to add the amount of nitrogen fixed naturally.

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Nitrogen is the most abundant element in our planet's atmosphere. Approximately 78% of the atmosphere is made up of nitrogen gas (N ₂).

Nitrogen is a crucially important component for all life. It is an important part of many cells and processes such as amino acids, proteins and even our DNA. It is also needed to make chlorophyll in plants, which is used in photosynthesis to make their food.

As part of these life processes, nitrogen is transformed from one chemical form to another. The transformations that nitrogen undergoes as it moves between the atmosphere, the land and living things make up the nitrogen cycle.

Fixation

Nitrogen in its gaseous form (N ₂) can't be used by most living things. (Plants for example, do not have the required enzymes to make use of atmospheric nitrogen.) It has to be converted or 'fixed' to a more usable form through a process called fixation. There are three ways nitrogen can be fixed to be useful for living things:

Biologically: Nitrogen gas (N₂) diffuses into the soil from the atmosphere, and species of bacteria convert this nitrogen to ammonium ions (NH₄⁺), which can be used by plants. Legumes (such as clover and lupins) are often grown by farmers because they have nodules on their roots that contain nitrogen-fixing bacteria. Learn more about this process in the article The role of clover.

Through lightning: Lightning converts atmospheric nitrogen into ammonia and nitrate (NO₃) that enter soil with rainfall.

Industrially: People have learned how to convert nitrogen gas to ammonia (NH₃⁻) and nitrogen-rich fertilisers to supplement the amount of nitrogen fixed naturally.

Decomposition

Plants take up nitrogen compounds through their roots. Animals obtain these compounds when they eat the plants. When plants and animals die or when animals excrete wastes, the nitrogen compounds in the organic matter re-enter the soil where they are broken down by microorganisms, known as decomposers. This decomposition produces ammonia, which can then go through the nitrification process.

Nitrification

Nitrifying bacteria in the soil convert ammonia into nitrite (NO ₂⁻) and then into nitrate (NO ₃⁻). This process is called nitrification. Compounds such as nitrate, nitrite, ammonia and ammonium can be taken up from soils by plants and then used in the formation of plant and animal proteins.

Denitrification

Denitrification completes the nitrogen cycle by converting nitrate (NO ₃⁻) back to gaseous nitrogen (N ₂). Denitrifying bacteria are the agents of this process. These bacteria use nitrate instead of oxygen when obtaining energy, releasing nitrogen gas to the atmosphere.

Nitrogen compounds and potential environmental impacts

Agriculture may be responsible for about half the nitrogen fixation on Earth through fertilisers and the cultivation of nitrogen-fixing crops. Increased nitrogen inputs (into the soil) have led to lots more food being produced to feed more people - known as 'the green revolution'.

However, nitrogen in excess of plant demand can leach from soils into waterways. The nitrogen enrichment contributes to eutrophication.

Another problem can occur during nitrification and denitrification. When the chemical process is not completed, nitrous oxide (N ₂O) can be formed. This is of concern, as N ₂ O is a potent greenhouse gas - contributing to global warming.

A balance of nitrogen compounds in the environment supports plant life and is not a threat to animals. It is only when the cycle is not balanced that problems occur.

Some common forms of nitrogen

Nature of science

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Nitrogen is the most abundant element in our planet's atmosphere. Approximately 78% of the atmosphere is made up of nitrogen gas (N2).

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https://www.britannica.com/science/nitrogen-fixation

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lactococci and lactobacilli is a bacteria in cheese.

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Cheese contains calcium and phosphorus which are good for replacing lost minerals in your teeth. Cheese is also good for your bones.

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The microbe that breaks down plastic is called Ideonella sakaiensis. This microbe breaks down all of our plastic even if it does take a while.
The microbe that breaks downs paper has cellulose-digesting enzymes that break down all of the paper. This process is much quicker than breaking down plastic. The microbe that breaks down paper is called Aerobic Mesophilic bacteria.

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We need the microbe to break down the plastic and paper so that it is not polluting our planet and destroying our environment and wildlife.

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Silage is made by cutting up grass, mushing it and then fermenting it to keep as many sugars, proteins and other nutrients inside it
"The cut grass is chopped into even smaller pieces and then compacted to get out as much oxygen as possible (this is important because the microorganisms, called lactic acid bacteria, that are needed to carry out the fermentation like living in oxygen-free environments). If the silage is to be stored piled in a large pit, tractors and other machinery are usually driven over the grass pile until it is firm. If the silage is stored as bales, the baling machines will compact the grass as they work. The next step is to seal the compacted grass with plastic to keep oxygen out. Mounds of silage are covered with huge polythene (plastic) sheets and weighted down (usually with old tyres) to ensure maximum compacting; bales are covered with a plastic wrapping.
https://www.sciencelearn.org.nz/resources/2006-what-is-silage?microsurvey-filled=true&q1=A%20student

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Yeast

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First non-harmful bacteria (called lactococci and lactobacilli) is added to milk to start the cheese making process. The bacteria help determine the ultimate flavour and texture of the cheese. Next, a milk clotting enzyme is added to the milk, forming a custard like substance. now they separate the liquid and the milks solids which are also known as curds. the cheese makers cook and stir the curds and then are squished into the blocks and the air tight packaging and ship of to your supermarket

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Nitrogen fixing bacteria is often found in soil. The bacteria takes the nitrogen from the air and then converts the nitrogen (N₂) into compounds that will be useful for other processes. Some of the products/compounds made are: ammonia, nitrate and nitrogen dioxide. Nitrogen fixing bacteria is extremely useful because without nitrogen fixing bacteria, plants cannot take nitrogen directly from the air.

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We need cheese because it have lots of minerals in it like Vitamin A, Vitamin D, Magnesium, Zinc, B2 and K2. The minerals in cheese can actually replace missing minerals in your teeth. Another reason why we need cheese is because it have calcium and phosphorus in it which is good for your bones. Cheese is also a really good food to eat for protein if you are a vegetarian.

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Sewage systems use water to carry waste away in pipes. They can improve community health, especially in crowded urban areas. But to prevent health problems, sewage must be treated to make the water safe to return into waterways and for reuse.

Sewage treatment is costly, and more often than not, sewage is dumped without being treated. This spreads waste and all the germs, worms, and toxic chemicals it may contain, causing health problems such as hepatitis, cholera, and typhoid in places where sewage is dumped.

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Acteobecter

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Saccharomyces

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Nitrogen fixing bacteria is used to convert the nitrogen (most common element in the air) to another useful for other processes.

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Brettanomyces

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Some reasons...
- Cheese is a good source of protein if you are vegetarian
- Cheese is filled with calcium and other minerals such as... vitamin D, A, B2 and K2, magnesium, zinc, and phosphorus.
- Cheese keeps your bones healthy when you are an adult.

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We need silage to feed the animals living on farms. In the summer the grass dries out so the animals need a backup.

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there are two main families of lactic acid bacteria: lactococci and lactobacilli.

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hay bayles are made with tractors mowing the grass and then they are made into hey bayles and then are wrapped in plastic wrap. sometimes people put faces or decorate them. animals eat hay bayles in the summer because there is usually a drought

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Lactobacillus

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Pedioccus

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Zygosaccharomyces

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Glucomacetobacter

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Before the cheesemaking process begins, incoming milk is first tested for quality and purity. It takes approximately 10 pounds of milk to make one pound of cheese. Burnett Dairy brings in just under 1 million pounds of milk per day from a 60 mile radius around our plant.

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Ammonia:
In the world about 88% of all ammonia is used as fertiliser, either as salt, solutions or anhydrously. Worldwide, about 110 million tonnes of ammonia are applied to crops each year in order to increase the amount of crops such as maize and wheat.
Ammonium nitrate is used as a fertiliser and contains more nitrogen than most fertilisers.

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Step 1: Flowing the milk
The milk that you use to make the goes down the pipe to the cheese factory.

Step 2: Adding the culture
Once the milk is in the factory the culture (microbes) is then added into the milk.

Step 3: Adding the rennet
The rennet is used to help the curd form. The milk volume is mostly dependant on the amount of rennet added to the milk

Step 4: Cutting the curd

Website used...
http://farmsforcitykids.org/about-our-cheese/making-the-cheese/

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Nitrogen is essential to soil because nitrogen is a main component of chlorophyll, which is a part of photosynthesis. So if the plant can't reach any nitrogen, it won't be able to produce any cells to grow. Humans also need nitrogen, as part of their cells as well as other processes, like amino acids, protein, and also DNA.

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Bacteria (Lactic Acid Bacteria)

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Sewage is composed of organic matter such as carbohydrates, fats, oil, grease and proteins mainly from domestic waste. It also contains dissolved inorganic matter such as nitrogen species and phosphorous species mainly from agricultural use. It is essential to remove the nutrients before they are released to the environment because it interferes natural habitats by altering the chemical composition such as pH or oxygen level both directly and indirectly.

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-It takes at least 10 pounds of milk to make 1 pound of cheese. there is a really good link for how to make cheese

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Eat Wisconsin Cheese - How Cheese Is Made

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Curious how cheese is made? Wisconsin cheesemakers make more than 2.5 billion pounds of cheese per year. View the step-by-step cheese making process and learn more.

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WE LOVE SILAGE AND EAT IT FOR BREAKFAST LUNCH AND TEA

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WE LOVE SILAGE AND EAT IT FOR BREAKFAST LUNCH AND TEA

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Silage is Life!!

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Bacteria

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- It is Good For You
- It is basically fat
- It makes 10 times less cheese then the amount of milk added to the mix (100kgs of milk only makes 10kgs of cheese)