# data[].attributes.attachment_link.readable_text
Successfully reported this slideshow.

, Licensed Clinical Psychologist master in Psychoanalysis

Published on

1. 1. Unit 9 At your service Use of have or get something done and making suggestions Lic. Selene Rodríguez Lic. Norma Dzib 2008/2009

2. 2. Have or get something done Use have or get to describe a service performed for you by someone else Active Do you know where I can have someone fix my bike? You can have Hazel's Personal Services fix your bike You can get a repair shop to fix your bike Passive Do you know where I can have my bike fixed ? You can have your bike fixed by Hazel's Personal Services You can get your bike fixed at a repair shop

3. 3. PRACTICE <ul><li>Imagine you want to have someone do these things for you. Write questions using the active form of have or get. </li></ul><ul><li>I want to have someone / get someone to . . . </li></ul><ul><li>shorten my skirt 5. take my passport photo </li></ul><ul><li>cut my hair 6. massage my neck </li></ul><ul><li>repair my watch 7. clean my leather jacket </li></ul><ul><li>fix my scooter 8. take care of my pets while I'm away </li></ul><ul><li>Example: Do you know where I can get someone to shorten my skirt? </li></ul>

4. 4. Making suggestions With gerunds * the gerund: is the noun form of the verb, ending in -ing. What about looking through the personal ads? Have you thought about joining ... ? With infinitives *infinitives: are the base form of the verb It might be a good idea to check out those discussion groups at the bookstore One thing you could do is (to) go ... With modals + verbs *modal verbs express possibility, prohibition, permission, obligation and logical deduction Maybe you could go to a chat room on the Internet With negative questions Why don't you join a dating service

5. 5. PRACTICE Match each problem below with the best suggestion. Then write sentences using the phrases in the grammar section. More than one answer is possible. <ul><li>Problems </li></ul><ul><li>How can I build self - confidence? </li></ul><ul><li>What could help me be happier? </li></ul><ul><li>How can I lose weight? </li></ul><ul><li>What can I do to save money? </li></ul><ul><li>How can I improve my memory? </li></ul><ul><li>How can I get along with my roommate better? </li></ul><ul><li>Suggestions </li></ul><ul><li>Cut down on calories. </li></ul><ul><li>Play concentration games </li></ul><ul><li>Participate in more social activities </li></ul><ul><li>Try not to get peeved about little things </li></ul><ul><li>Come up with budget </li></ul><ul><li>Plan fun activities to look forward to every week </li></ul>1. How can I build self - confidence? / One thing you could do is ...

6. 6. PRACTICE <ul><li>Read the problem. The choose the best suggestion with an "x" </li></ul><ul><li>I love my apartment, but the rent is too expensive. I don't want to move, but I don't know how I can keep lining there. </li></ul><ul><li>One thing you could do is move to a house. ____ </li></ul><ul><li>Why don't you look for a roommate?.____ </li></ul><ul><li>Maybe you could stop paying rent. ____ </li></ul><ul><li>2. My best friend is always late. I'm tired of missing the beginnings of movies and concerts because she's not on time. Except for this problem, we get along so well. </li></ul><ul><li>It might be a good idea to find a new friend. ____ </li></ul><ul><li>Have you thought about not going to movies and concerts. ____ </li></ul><ul><li>One thing you could do is tell her to meet you 30 minutes before you need to leave. </li></ul>

7. 7. <ul><li>3. I'm good at my job, but I have one problem: I'm a terrible speller. I have to write letters at work sometimes, and I'm afraid my boss will notice. What should I do? </li></ul><ul><li>Have you thought about using a dictionary to check difficult words?____ </li></ul><ul><li>Why don't you ask your boss to type the letter? ____ </li></ul><ul><li>One thing you could do is make phone calls instead or writing letters. ____ </li></ul><ul><li>4. I'm going hiking in the mountains of Nepal for three weeks. I'm really looking forward to my vacation. However, I don't know what to do with my cat while I'm gone. </li></ul><ul><li>Why don't you take the cat with you? ____ </li></ul><ul><li>What about asking a friend to feed the cat? ____ </li></ul><ul><li>Maybe you could let the cat find its own food. ____ </li></ul>

8. 8. <ul><li>5. I like going to the movies with my friend, but he always talks to me during the movies - loudly. Other people can't put up with the noise and get angry at us. It's very embarrassing! </li></ul><ul><li>It might be a good idea to ask your friend not to talk to you during the movie.__ </li></ul><ul><li>Have you thought about telling the other people to mind their own business?__ </li></ul><ul><li>One thing you could do is to sit far away from your friend. ____ </li></ul><ul><li>6. I'm going to visit my aunt and uncle for the holidays. They have two young children I've never met. I want to bring everyone a few gifts, but I don't know what kind of things children like. </li></ul><ul><li>What about just buying gifts for your aunt and uncle? ____ </li></ul><ul><li>Have you thought about giving them your old toys? ____ </li></ul><ul><li>Why don't you go to a toy store and ask for some suggestions? ____ </li></ul>

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.description
Successfully reported this slideshow. , Licensed Clinical Psychologist master in Psychoanalysis Published on 1. Unit 9 At your service Use of have or get something done and making suggestions Lic. Selene Rodríguez Lic. Norma Dzib 2008/2009 2.

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.readable_text
Publicado el

1. 1. UNIT 11. Life's little lessons <ul><li>Time Clauses and Expressing regret </li></ul><ul><li>describing hypothetical situations </li></ul>Lic. Selene Rodríguez 2008/2009 Lic. Norma Dzib

2. 2. Time clauses Before I had my first job, I was really immature After I got my first job, I became more mature Once I had a job, I became totally independent The moment I moved away from home, I felt like a different person As soon as I got my own bank account, I started to be more responsible Until I graduated, I'd never had any important responsibilities By the time I graduated from high school, I had already started working

3. 3. Time clauses <ul><li>It's often possible to use either the simple present or the present perfect after when, as soon as, with out changing the meaning. </li></ul><ul><li>" I'm going to get married as soon as I find/I've found the right man" </li></ul><ul><li>BUT when it's important to make it clear that one action will be finished before the second one starts, we must use the present perfect. </li></ul><ul><li>" I don't want to settle down until I've traveled a lot" </li></ul><ul><li>By here is a `preposition of time. It means "not later than" </li></ul><ul><li>By the time (that) is a linking phrase. It's always followed by a verb. </li></ul><ul><li>" By the time I've had a bath it'll be quarter to nine" </li></ul><ul><li>( not later than the moment she finisher her bath) </li></ul>

4. 4. <ul><li>WAYS OF USING UNTIL </li></ul><ul><li>We use till or until when we talk about an activity or a situation which continues and the stops at a particular time </li></ul><ul><li>" Ben had to wait until 9:15" </li></ul><ul><li>Until and till can be link word or prepositions. </li></ul><ul><li>" He had to wait until Zoe was ready" </li></ul><ul><li>By = not later than that time. Until = up to that time </li></ul><ul><li>" Zoe wasn't ready by nine" </li></ul><ul><li>" Zoe wasn't ready till 9.15" </li></ul><ul><li>We use since when we refer to the beginning of a period of time which stars at a time in the past an finishes now. </li></ul><ul><li>" I have lived here since 1992" </li></ul>

5. 5. <ul><li>PRACTICE </li></ul><ul><li>Since or Until? </li></ul><ul><li>You have to complete these sentences with SINCE or UNTIL. </li></ul><ul><li>There have been a lot of changes .......... you left </li></ul><ul><li>I was alone here .......... Mason arrived </li></ul><ul><li>We have had trouble with the house ........... we bought it </li></ul><ul><li>We'll wait for you .......... 8 o'clock </li></ul><ul><li>They stayed in the café .......... the rain stopped </li></ul><ul><li>The house has been much happier .......... my mother came back </li></ul><ul><li>Fred had to wait at his friend's house .......... his father came to pick him up </li></ul><ul><li>They've been sitting here .......... I came in! </li></ul><ul><li>Food has been short .......... the war began </li></ul><ul><li>They talked quietly to each other .......... the concert started </li></ul>

6. 6. Match the clauses in column A with the appropriate information in column B. (More than one answer is possible) A B 1. By the time I was 15, ... a. I didn't appreciate my own country 2. Until I started working part time, ... b. I began to understand the value of money 3. The moment I got my first paycheck... c. I learned how to communicate better 4. As soon as I left home, ... d. I realized that I wasn't a child anymore 5. Once I started sharing an apartment,.. e. I had learned how to take care of myself 6. After I began a relationship,... f. I learned hoe to get along better with people 7. Before I traveled abroad,... g. I had never saved any money 8 Until I really got sick, ... h. I hadn't understood the importance of good health PRACTICE

7. 7. Expressing regret and describing hypothetical situations Expressing regret I should have studied something more practical when I was in college. I shouldn't have waited so long to choose a major. Describing hypothetical situations If I' d been more ambitious in college, I could have learned another language. If I hadn't wasted so much money last year, I would have my own apartment now.

8. 8. <ul><li>PRACTICE </li></ul><ul><li>Match the clauses in column A with appropriate information in column B </li></ul><ul><li>A B </li></ul><ul><li>If I'd listened to my parents,. a. I wouldn't be as broke as I am now </li></ul><ul><li>If I'd been more active,... b. I could have learned a lot more </li></ul><ul><li>If I'd been more ambitious,.. c. I wouldn't be overweight </li></ul><ul><li>If I'd studied harder in school,... d. I could have gotten a promotion </li></ul><ul><li>If I'd saved my money,... e. I would have made more pragmatic decisions </li></ul>

9. 9. Vocabulary Match the different celebrations <ul><li>____Confirmation ____Bar mitzvah </li></ul><ul><li>____Bat mitzvah ____Sweet 16 </li></ul>4. A religious ceremony to formally accept a person as amember of a christian church. 3. A ceremony in the Jewish religion to celebrate a girl's reaching the age of 13 2. A girl's 16th birthday . 1. A ceremony in the Jewish religion to celebrate a boy`s reaching the age of 13

10. 10. Conjunctions <ul><li>Subordinating conjunctions: </li></ul><ul><li>Once/ as soon as : when one event happens, another event happens soon afterward. </li></ul><ul><li>The moment : a particular point of time when two events happen together. </li></ul><ul><li>Until : to that time and then no longer </li></ul><ul><li>By the time : one event is completed before another event. </li></ul>

11. 11. Vocabulary <ul><li>Ambitious: having a strong desire to be successful. </li></ul><ul><li>Argumentative: liking to argue or disagree with people </li></ul><ul><li>Carefree: without any problems or worries. </li></ul><ul><li>Conscientious: hard-working </li></ul><ul><li>Naïve: lacking experience or knowledge. </li></ul><ul><li>Pragmatic: practical; making decisions based on facts rather than ideas. </li></ul><ul><li>Rebellious: reacting against rules or traditions. </li></ul>

12. 12. Bibliography Richards, Jack C. Interchange Third Edition Cambridge University Press 2005 Shepherd, J. Multilevel English Grammar Programme Phoenix ELT 1996 Bolton, D & Goodey, N English grammar in steps Richmond Publishing 2003 www.cartoonstock.com/lowres/pha0134l.jpg

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.description
Publicado el 1. UNIT 11. Life's little lessons Time Clauses and Expressing regret describing hypothetical situations Lic. Selene Rodríguez 2008/2009 Lic. Norma Dzib 2.

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.readable_text
Grammar-Quizzes › Adverbials › Prepositional Phrases › During vs. In

Indicate a period of time

Time Phrases-During vs. In

ACTIVITY THROUGHOUT THIS PERIOD

We sat on the beach during the morning hours .

We talked with friends during the evening .

We sat on the beach during the day .

We'll rent a beach house during the first week of July.

We go swimming in the sea during July.

We travel around the country during the summer.

We attended school during the 1990s.

Dinosaurs roamed the earth during the Mesozoic Era.

The beach is fulll during Easter.

We fast during Lent / Ramadan.

We took cover under a table during the earthquake.

EXPERIENCE

We went to the sea often during our childhood.

Ben rarely went to the sea during his miliary service.

We spent time near the sea during our stay in Greece.

ACTIVITY BEGINS [NOT USED]

DURATION-QUANTITY HOW LONG?

*We swam a mile during an hour.

*We swam a mile during the hour.

We swam a mile during the morning hours. (a period of time)

In specifies when an activity occurs/occurred, the timing of the activity-part of day, month, season, year. A clause wit in focuses more on when something happened than what happened. In may specify how soon or how long something takes/took. (See timelines in the next section.)

THIS PERIOD

We sat on the beach in the morning.

We talked with friends in the evening.

We sat on the beach in the daytime.

We'll rent a beach house in the first week of July.

We swim in July.

We travel in the summer.

We were school in the 1990s.

Dinosaurs existed in the Mesozoic Era.

EVENT [NOT USED]

*The beach is fulll in Easter. (We go to Church on Easter.)

*We fast in Lent / Ramadan.

*We took cover under a table in the earthquake.

EXPERIENCE [NOT USED]

We used to drive to the beach in the good ol' days.

~We went to the sea often in our childhood.

Ben rarely went to the sea in his miliary service.

We spent time near the sea in our stay in Greece.

ACTIVITY BEGINS-HOW SOON?

DURATION-QUANTITY HOW LONG?

We swam a mile in an hour. (within an hour's time, 60 minutes)

"It took us a hour to swim a mile."

*not used / ~possibly borderline usage

for - is used with a quantity of time, not a period or range of time. See For v. Since.

in - see In vs. On vs. At (time)

Also see Duration vs. Completion (expressing process vs. accomplishment).

(Swan 168) (Huddleston 8 §6.3-8)

Communicating beginning, end or duration time

Timing-During vs. In

Indicate the period of time for an activity

During vs. In-before an activity

Differentiating periods of the day, year, or century

During vs. In

Clock times: at 2:00, at noon, at night, at midnight, at the end of the day/week

Periods of the day: in the morning, in the daytime, in the evening, in the wee hours of the morning (early!)

Calendar dates: on Monday, on March 1, 2020;

Periods of the year: in June, in 2020, in summer, in the summer months, in the 1990s, in the 18th century,

Eras: in the Victorian Era, in the Pleistocene Epoch.

Expressing duration with the verb

exact time = midnight, 5:00 a.m., September 10, 2009, June, 2009, the beginning of the 15th century

specified time = today, this year, this month, this decade, all day, all year, all month, all my life, a long time, a short time, a shorter time than expected, four days, ten years

period or time range = from Monday to Friday, from noon to midnight, over the weekend, over the semester, throughout the summer, during the winter, during the 12th century

last (V) - remain or continue in a state, exist, continue, endure, keep on, persevere, persist, remain, survive, endure

take place (V) - occur, happen, result, come about

Errors and Solutions

Errors and Solutions

Pop-Q " During"

Works Cited

Huddleston, Rodney D., and Geoffrey K. Pullum. The Cambridge Grammar of the English Language. Cambridge UP, 2002.

Swan, Michael. Practical English Usage. 3rd ed., Oxford UP, 2005.

Touring San Francisco

Complete the sentence.

1. Select the response from the list that best completes the sentence.

2. Compare your response to the feedback by clicking the "Check 1-10" button at the bottom, or click the "Check" button to the left as you go.

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.description
Grammar-Quizzes › Adverbials › Prepositional Phrases › During vs. In ACTIVITY THROUGHOUT THIS PERIOD We sat on the beach during the morning hours . We talked with friends during the evening . We sat on the beach during the day . We'll rent a beach house during the first week of July.

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.title
Past perfect simple or past simple? - English Grammar Today - Cambridge Dictionary

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.description
Past perfect simple or past simple? - English Grammar Today - a reference to written and spoken English grammar and usage - Cambridge Dictionary

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.readable_text
What is a relative clause?

Click here to download this explanation as a pdf.

See a list of all the exercises about relative clauses here.

We can use relative clauses to join two English sentences, or to give more information about something.

I bought a new car. It is very fast.
→ I bought a new car that is very fast.

She lives in New York. She likes living in New York.
→ She lives in New York, which she likes.

Defining and Non-defining

A defining relative clause tells which noun we are talking about:

I like the woman who lives next door.
(If I don't say 'who lives next door', then we don't know which woman I mean).

A non-defining relative clause gives us extra information about something. We don't need this information to understand the sentence.

I live in London, which has some fantastic parks.
(Everybody knows where London is, so 'which has some fantastic parks' is extra information).

Defining relative clauses:

1: The relative pronoun is the subject:

First, let's consider when the relative pronoun is the subject of a defining relative clause.

We can use 'who', 'which' or 'that'. We use 'who' for people and 'which' for things. We can use 'that' for people or things.

The relative clause can come after the subject or the object of the sentence. We can't drop the relative pronoun.

For example (clause after the object of the sentence):

More examples (clause after the subject of the sentence):
Try an exercise where the relative pronoun is the subject here.
2: The relative pronoun is the object:

Next, let's talk about when the relative pronoun is the object of the clause. In this case we can drop the relative pronoun if we want to. Again, the clause can come after the subject or the object of the sentence. Here are some examples:
(Clause after the object) (Clause after the subject)
Non-defining relative clauses:

We don't use 'that' in non-defining relative clauses, so we need to use 'which' if the pronoun refers to a thing, and 'who' if it refers to a person. We can't drop the relative pronoun in this kind of clause, even if the relative pronoun is the object of the clause.

(Clause comes after the subject)

(Clause comes after the object)

Prepositions and relative clauses

If the verb in the relative clause needs a preposition, we put it at the end of the clause:

For example:

The music is good. Julie listens to the music.
→ The music (which / that) Julie listens to is good.

My brother met a woman. I used to work with the woman.
→ My brother met a woman (who / that) I used to work with.

The country is very hot. He went to the country.
→ The country (which / that) he went to is very hot.

I visited the city. John comes from the city.
→ I visited the city (that / which) John comes from.

The job is well paid. She applied for the job.
→ The job (which / that) she applied for is well paid.

Whose

'Whose' is always the subject of the relative clause and can't be left out. It replaces a possessive. It can be used for people and things.

The dog is over there. The dog's / its owner lives next door.
→ The dog whose owner lives next door is over there.

The little girl is sad. The little girl's / her doll was lost.
→ The little girl whose doll was lost is sad.

The woman is coming tonight. Her car is a BMW.
→ The woman whose car is a BMW is coming tonight.

The house belongs to me. Its roof is very old.
→ The house whose roof is old belongs to me.

Where / when / why

We can sometimes use these question words instead of relative pronouns and prepositions.

I live in a city. I study in the city.

→ I live in the city where I study.
→ I live in the city that / which I study in.
→ I live in the city in which I study.

The bar in Barcelona is still there. I met my wife in that bar.

→ The bar in Barcelona where I met my wife is still there.
→ The bar in Barcelona that / which I met my wife in is still there.
→ The bar in Barcelona in which I met my wife is still there.

The summer was long and hot. I graduated from university in the summer.

→ The summer when I graduated from university was long and hot.
→ The summer that / which I graduated from university in was long and hot.
→ The summer in which I graduated was long and hot.
(See a list of all the exercises about relative clauses here.)

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.description
Clear explanations of English relative clauses, with lots of examples and exercises.

# data[].attributes.body
Extra exercises

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.readable_text
Defining vs non-defining - Grammar chart

Defining relative clauses

Defining relative clauses carry essential information because they identify which thing or person we are talking about, and they are used without commas.

We can use that

In defining relative clauses we can use that instead of which or who.

When can we omit who/which/that?

Who/which/that, can be omitted if they are followed by subject + verb

Non-defining relative clauses

Non-defining relative clauses are used between commas, and they add extra information which is not necessary to know who or what we are talking about.

We cannot use that, and we cannot omit who/which

In non-defining relative clauses (between commas) we cannot use that, and we cannot omit who/which.

Defining vs non-defining relative clauses

In a defining relative clause the information is essential to identify who or what we are talking about, whereas in non-defining relative clauses, we just add extra information, which is not necessary. Compare:

My brother, who lives in Cardiff , is much older than me. (=I have only one brother, so we don't need the relative clause to know who I am talking about)

Relative pronouns and adverbs

Here you can see a grammar chart with the relative pronouns and adverbs that we normally use in relative clauses.

Common mistakes

Two subjects

When who, which or that is the subject of a relative clause, we don't use another pronoun or noun after it, because we can only have one subject ( who, which or that).

That is the painting that was stolen from the gallery. (NOT: That is the painting that it was stolen from the gallery.)

That between commas

We cannot use the relative pronoun that in a non-defining relative clause (between commas)

The victim, who suffered a concussion, said he didn't remember the accident. (NOT, The victim, that suffered a concussion, said he didn't remember the accident.)

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.title
Defining and non-defining relative clauses - Test-English

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.description
Relative clauses – defining, non-defining. Relative pronouns and adverbs. Who, whose, which, that, where. English intermediate grammar exercises.

# data[].attributes.body
https://1drv.ms/b/s!AlaJRR2jNyzOmges4B9ltI_n2leE?e=2nFOrn

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.readable_text
Las cláusulas de tiempo en inglés (también conocidas como Time Clauses) son frases que nos indican cuándo, en qué momento, ocurrió una acción o un grupo de acciones. Por ejemplo:

She will not go to school until it stops raining / Ella no irá a la escuela hasta que deje de llover

En la oración anterior, la acción principal es Ir a la Escuela (Go to school). Pero ¿cuándo va a ocurrir esta acción? Pues bien, la acción ocurrirá hasta que deje de llover (until it stops raining). Por lo tanto, la segunda parte de la oración (until it stops raining) es una cláusula del tiempo.

Estas cláusulas pueden usarse tanto al inicio como al final de las oraciones. El significado no se ve afectado por este cambio en el orden. Veamos un ejemplo para clarificar este punto:

1. I'm going to cook dinner before my wife arrives / Voy a cocinar la cena antes de que llegue mi esposa

2. Before my wife arrives, I'm going to cook dinner / Antes de que llegue mi esposa, voy a cocinar la cena

Te recomendamos la lección sobre cómo decir la hora en inglés

En la primera oración, la cláusula de tiempo está al final. Por otro lado, en la segunda está al inicio de la oración. Como verás, estos cambios no afectan el significado. Cuando la cláusula de tiempo se encuentra al inicio de la oración (como el nuestro segundo ejemplo) debemos usar una coma para separar las ideas.

Oraciones con when, after, before, until, as soon as y while

Este tipo de frases utiliza normalmente el siguiente vocabulario: when, after, before, until, as soon as y while. Vamos a dar el significado y ejemplos de cada una de esas palabras.

After: después o después de

As soon as: tan pronto como
Nota importante:
Si quieres utilizar las cláusulas de tiempo en el futuro, la oración que contiene la cláusula de tiempo debe ir en el presente simple y NO en el futuro. Algunos ejemplos (las oraciones una de las muestran el presente simple):

I'll cook dinner as soon as you arrive home / Cocinaré la cena tan pronto como llegues esa casa

I will not buy a new house until I have enough money / No compraré una casa nueva hasta que tenga dinero suficiente

When I am older, I will live alone / Cuando sea mayor, viviré solo

Respuestas correctas y traducción

I'll help you when I have time / Te ayudaré cuando tenga tiempo

When I am older, I will buy a Ferrari / Cuando sea mayor, compraré un Ferrari

She will call you after she finishes the report / Ella te llamará después de que termine el informe

After I saw the movie, I came back home / Después de que vi la película, volví a casa

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.title
Time Clauses / Cláusulas de tiempo en inglés con ejercicio

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.description
Las cláusulas de tiempo en inglés (también conocidas como Time Clauses) son frases que nos indican cuándo, en qué momento, ocurrió una acción o un grupo de acciones.

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.description
Trends Vs Fads Trends: Come in all forms of media and advertising. They develop everywhere from music, politics, travel, the internet etc. -Long Life Span -Long lasting effect on the market place example: organic food products ✳✱* unpredictable often taken on by smaller business

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.description
Lic. Norma Dzib 2008 -2009 Giving recommendations and opinions Tag questions for opinions

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.readable_text
, Licensed Clinical Psychologist master in Psychoanalysis

Published on

1. 1. Unit 13. That's a possibility Past Modals of degrees of certainty and Past Modal for opinions and advice Lic. Norma Dzib 2008/2009

2. 2. Grammar <ul><li>Past Modals of degrees of certainty: </li></ul><ul><li>must have must not have </li></ul><ul><li>may have may not have </li></ul><ul><li>should have shouldn't have </li></ul><ul><li>might have might not have </li></ul><ul><li>would have wouldn't have </li></ul><ul><li>could have couldn't </li></ul><ul><li>Past Modal for opinions and advice: </li></ul><ul><li>Should (not) have </li></ul><ul><li>Could (not) have </li></ul><ul><li>Would (not) have </li></ul>

3. 3. Verbs: modals of past You must have been a beautiful baby + past participle Past modals for degree of certainty Rule : subject+ must/may/could + have+ past participle PROBABILITY VERB EXAMPLE 100% Almost certain Quite likely 50% (possible) Possible but unlikely Highly unlikely O% Past Simple Must have May have Could have Might have Can't / couldn't Present tense negative She knew. We must have arrived. He may have missed the train. She could have forgotten. We might have made a mistake You can't have lost it. He didn't know.

4. 4. Complete the sentences. Use the modals in the box and the correct forms of the verbs in parentheses. <ul><li>1. A: I____ (listen) to my father's advice. </li></ul><ul><li>B: You're right. You_____ (get) a degree. Then you ____ (find) a good job. </li></ul><ul><li>2. A:I failed my Test! </li></ul><ul><li>B: Well, you____ (surf) the internet all evening. You_____ (study). </li></ul><ul><li>3. A: I was really worried when you didn't come home. You____ (call) me! </li></ul><ul><li>B: I'm sorry. I _______(call) you, but my cell phone wasn't working. </li></ul><ul><li>4. A: Helen's not here. She_____ (go) home. </li></ul><ul><li>B: No, she____ (go) home her purse is still here. </li></ul><ul><li>5. A: Last night the waiter spilled coffee on me. I said it was OK. </li></ul><ul><li>B: Really? I____ (do) that. I_________ (complain) to the manager! </li></ul><ul><li>6. A: Petra walked by and she didn't say hello. </li></ul><ul><li>B: Well, she____ (see) you. </li></ul>could have couldn't must have must not have may have may not have should have shouldn't have might have might not have would have wouldn't have

5. 5. Present Modal Verbs of deduction <ul><li>To speculate about things that we think are possible or impossible and things we are sure about, we can use must , might, could, may and can't . </li></ul><ul><li>Must is only used in affirmative sentences. To say something is impossible , we use can't . </li></ul><ul><li>To speculate about past events , we can use must, might (not), could, couldn't, may (not) and can't , followed by have + past participle . </li></ul><ul><li>Might and could can also be used with this structure to talk about a past event that was possible but didn't happen . </li></ul>Past Modal Verbs of deduction CHECK OUT THE DIFFERENT BETWEEN PAST AND PRESENT MODALS

6. 6. Practice <ul><li>Sophie seems very depressed. Her friends are not sure what the problem is. </li></ul><ul><li>Write sentences using may not, might not or could. </li></ul>1.Perhaps she isn't feeling very well._____________________________ 2. Perhaps She worrying about her exams.________________________ 3. Perhaps she needs help._____________________________________ 4. But perhaps she doesn't want to talk to anybody._________________ You are going shopping with a friend. Make sentences with may/might as well. <ul><li>You've missed the bus. The next one's in half an hour. It only takes ten minutes to walk. We________________________________________ </li></ul><ul><li>It's half past five. The shops are closing. You don't really want to buy anything else. </li></ul><ul><li>We_______ go home. </li></ul><ul><li>You're buying a sweater. You like the green one more than the red one, but its cost more. Your friend says: You _______ because is silly to buy something you don't like. </li></ul>

7. 7. Practice Mr. Benson has lost his hat. He is telling his wife. Use might have, might not have or could have, couldn't have to complete the dialogue. " I don't know where I ________ lost it" " You _____ left it in the cinema. I saw it in this morning on the hall table." " Somebody at work ________ taken by mistake. They _______ realized it was yours." " Only Alison and Claire were in the office today. They____ taken it they don't wear hats." "Are you sure you took it to work? You ________ taken it. You ____left it here." " I______ left it here. I always wear it when I got to work." " Well, you ____ worn it today, because it's here on the hall table."

8. 8. <ul><li>Giving Opinions </li></ul><ul><li>You should have called her on the phone. </li></ul><ul><li>She shouldn't have kept your notes this long. </li></ul><ul><li>Giving Advice </li></ul><ul><li>You could have been more understanding. </li></ul><ul><li>I would have borrowed someone else's notes. </li></ul><ul><li>I wouldn't have lent them to her. </li></ul><ul><li>Rule: subject + would/could/should + have +past participle </li></ul>Past Modals for opinions and advice Should (not) have Could (not) have Would (not) have

9. 9. Practice <ul><li>Give opinions or advice. </li></ul><ul><li>1. I didn't finish high school. Now I can't find a job. </li></ul><ul><li>2. I overslept and missed my final exam. My teacher says I will fail the course. </li></ul><ul><li>3. I missed the last train. My cell phone wasn't working, so I couldn't call my parents. </li></ul><ul><li>4. My boss didn't come into work today. No one knows where she is. </li></ul><ul><li>5. The waitress brought me the wrong order. Then she disappeared! </li></ul><ul><li>6. I saw my best friend on the bus, and she ignored me! </li></ul>

10. 10. Vocabulary Dented Hit something so that its surface was bent and marked Exhausted Very tired Yawning Opening the mouth wide showing lack of sleep Gotten the hint Understood an indirect message Ended up Did something no matter what Locksmith Someone who makes and repairs locks Tow truck A vehicle that can pull a car that has broken down or can't be driven. Mining town A place where people took precious metals like gold or silver out of the earth. ethereally Very delicately and lightly, in way that doesn't seem real. Eerie Frightening; often used for something not natural or not understood. Tombstone A stone that marks grave; it usually gives the name and birth and death dates for the person buried there. Rotting matter Naturally dead substance like plants Helmets Protective hats; miners´ helmets have lights on them to help the miners see while working underground.

11. 11. Just for fun

12. 12. Bibliography <ul><li>Richards, Jack C. </li></ul><ul><li>Interchange Third Edition (Teacher's Resource Book) </li></ul><ul><li>Cambridge University Press </li></ul><ul><li>2005 </li></ul><ul><li>Bolton David and Goodey Noel </li></ul><ul><li>English Grammar In Steps </li></ul><ul><li>Richmond Publishing </li></ul><ul><li>2003 </li></ul><ul><li>http://firstcertificate.files.wordpress.com/2007/11/howtobepolite.jpg </li></ul><ul><li>www.zonalibre.org </li></ul><ul><li>felipe1984.hi5.com </li></ul>

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.description
Licensed Clinical Psychologist master in Psychoanalysis Published on 1. Unit 13. That's a possibility Past Modals of degrees of certainty and Past Modal for opinions and advice Lic. Norma Dzib 2008/2009 2.

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.readable_text
Successfully reported this slideshow.

, Licensed Clinical Psychologist master in Psychoanalysis

Published on

1. 1. U 14 behind the scenes The passive to describe process Defining non - defining relative clause Lic. Norma Dzib 2008/2009

2. 2. <ul><li>Review </li></ul><ul><li>Reasons for using the passive: </li></ul><ul><li>We don't know who does the action. </li></ul><ul><li>It's not important who does the action. </li></ul>Passive with Modals Modal + be+ past participle The passive to describe process Is/are + past participle A scene isn't filmed just once. Only the best shots are used . Modal + be+ past participle One scene may be shot form five or six different angles Lots of different shots have to be taken .

3. 3. PRACTICE <ul><li>How are textbooks written? </li></ul><ul><li>REWRITE THE SENTENCES USING THE PASSIVE. </li></ul><ul><li>An author sends a proposal to a publishing company. </li></ul><ul><li>An editor reads the proposal. </li></ul><ul><li>The editor might accept the proposal </li></ul><ul><li>The author writes the manuscript for the book </li></ul><ul><li>Editors have to revise the manuscript </li></ul><ul><li>The author may have to rewrite part of the manuscript </li></ul><ul><li>Reviewers evaluate the manuscript </li></ul><ul><li>The author and editors may revise the manuscript. </li></ul>

4. 4. Defining and non-defining relative clauses Defining relative clauses are used to identify people. A dialect coach is a language specialist. A dialect coach is a language specialist who/that works with actors on their accents. She works with actors on their accents . Non-defining relative clauses give further information about people. A location scout finds places to shoot scenes. He travels all over the world. A location scout, who finds places o shoot scenes , travels all over the world.

5. 5. WHAT DO THEY REALLY DO? Complete the chart with unusual jobs and responsibilities. Jobs Responsibilities Example: Professional Organizer Organize people's closets

6. 6. Rewrite the sentences in the passive form, to draw attention to the part that is underlined : 1. The Beatles sang Yesterday and Yellow submarine. 2. Greta Garbo played the part of Queen Cristina. 3. Herbert von Karajan conducted the Berlin Philharmonic. 4. Beethoven composed The Emperor Concerto and The Moonlight Sonata. 5. Shakespeare wrote A Midsummer Night´s Dream. Verbs The passive +by Practice

7. 7. Vocabulary <ul><li>Narrative: a description of events told as a story. </li></ul><ul><li>Drive in: a place where you can watch movies. outdoors while sitting in your car. </li></ul><ul><li>Epic: a book or movie that tells a long story. </li></ul><ul><li>IMAX film: large-screen movies shot with special cameras. </li></ul><ul><li>Animated : using cartoons rather than live actors. </li></ul><ul><li>Feature film: a full-length film . </li></ul><ul><li>Gross: bring a total income. </li></ul>

8. 8. Vocabulary Match the correct With the corresponding meaning __ shoot 1.The place where movies are filmed __shot 2.Different views of the same scene __angles 3.Things built for a performance __studio 4.A photo __sets 5.Send a product to different places for sale __rehearse 6.Film __perform 7.Make the pages for a newspaper, magazine or book __print 8.Present a play __distribute 9.Practice

9. 9. Vocabulary Write the correct vocabulary words with each meaning. ________having no people ________housing, protection, from the weather ________frightening; eerie ________helpless; with no power ________ long, fancy entertainment routine ________enter a crowded place ________lasts ________exaggerated; with strong feelings ________expensive and showy ________spin; dance in circles ________beats; wins over ________bad guys ________appreciated with strong affection Deserted runs melodramatic flashy Twirl around Triumphs Villain shelter spooky defenseless Pack into beloved Elaborate song and dancer

10. 10. Richards, Jack C. Interchange Third Edition (Teacher's Resource Book) Cambridge University Press 2005 Shepherd, John The Sourcebook Pre intermediate Longman Group UK limited 1991 bibliografía

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.description
Successfully reported this slideshow. , Licensed Clinical Psychologist master in Psychoanalysis Published on 1. U 14 behind the scenes The passive to describe process Defining non - defining relative clause Lic. Norma Dzib 2008/2009 2. Review Reasons for using the passive: We don't know who does the action.

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.readable_text
Successfully reported this slideshow.

, Licensed Clinical Psychologist master in Psychoanalysis

Published on

1. 1. Unit 16 Challenges and Accomplishments Complex Noun Phrases containing Gerunds Lic. Norma Dzib, 2009

2. 2. Complex Noun Phrases Containing Gerunds <ul><li>These complex noun phrases contain gerunds. In these examples, they are also followed by gerunds. </li></ul><ul><li>One of the most difficult aspects of working abroad is being far away from my family. </li></ul><ul><li>The most rewarding thing about helping them is learning from their years of experience. </li></ul><ul><li>One of the rewards of working with them is experiencing their youthful energy. </li></ul><ul><li>They are made up of three parts: </li></ul><ul><li>A noun phrase </li></ul><ul><li>A preposition </li></ul><ul><li>A gerund *the bold section is the subject of each sentence </li></ul><ul><li>noun phrase preposition gerund </li></ul><ul><li>One of the most difficult aspects of working abroad is being far away from my family. </li></ul>

3. 3. Antonyms (opposites) Adaptable Compassionate Courageos Cynical Dependent Intensitive Resourceful Rigid Self-sufficient Timid Unimaginative Upbeat What do you think is the biggest challenge of each job Which job do you prefer to do? Why? Jobs -Psychologist -Camp counselor -Firefighter

4. 4. Accomplish and goals <ul><li>Accomplish with the present perfect or simple past </li></ul><ul><li>Talking about past accomplishments </li></ul><ul><li>The present perfect (have+past participle) </li></ul><ul><li>What have you accomplished in the last five years? </li></ul><ul><li>I´ve managed to get good grades. </li></ul><ul><li>I´ve been able to accomplish a lot in college. </li></ul><ul><li>2. The simple past </li></ul><ul><li>What did you accomplished in the last five years? </li></ul><ul><li>I managed to get a good job two years ago. </li></ul><ul><li>I learned /was a able to play the piano last year/ in 200_. </li></ul>

5. 5. Goals with the the future perfect or would like to have + past participle Talking about possible future accomplishments <ul><li>3. the future perfect will like to have + past participle </li></ul><ul><li>What do you hope you ´ll have achieved in the next five years? </li></ul><ul><li>I hope(that) I´ ll have taken a trip to Europe. </li></ul><ul><li>4. would like to have + past participle </li></ul><ul><li>What would you like to have accomplished in the next five years </li></ul><ul><li>I´d like to have made a good start on my career. </li></ul><ul><li>I´d like to have bought my own home </li></ul><ul><li>I´d like to have seen/made ... </li></ul>

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.description
Successfully reported this slideshow. , Licensed Clinical Psychologist master in Psychoanalysis Published on 1. Unit 16 Challenges and Accomplishments Complex Noun Phrases containing Gerunds Lic. Norma Dzib, 2009 2. Complex Noun Phrases Containing Gerunds These complex noun phrases contain gerunds. In these examples, they are also followed by gerunds.

# data[].attributes.body
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Vf1Z1cUzo-k

# data[].attributes.body
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dQX-Fdp1d4M

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.title
Prepositions in Time Expressions - English Grammar & Speaking Lesson

# data[].attributes.body
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QHqS_BvyP84

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.description
Store photos and docs online. Access them from any PC, Mac or phone. Create and work together on Word, Excel or PowerPoint documents.

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.title
Advanced 2 - Unit 12 - 1st Grammar Point - Describing Purpose

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.title
Advanced 2 - Unit 16 - Two Grammar Points 

# data[].attributes.body
Formula One (F1)

# data[].attributes.headline
The Great Mayan Empire-Luis David Jiménez

# data[].attributes.subject
The Great Mayan Empire-Luis David Jiménez

# data[].attributes.body
Jessica Toalombo

https://uceedu-my.sharepoint.com/:v:/g/personal/jetoalombo_uce_edu_ec/EW8sMs_YL3pEkcT4Xl6CEoEB2kLdRIEUgPSl8bPa-ObIUw?email=jetoalombo%40uce.edu.ec

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.title
FOUNDATION OF QUITO-20220131_010556-Grabación de la reunión

# data[].attributes.body
https://youtu.be/jrUQsWQ6H8E
Lenin Andrés Correa Defaz

# data[].attributes.body
https://youtu.be/DFvZuyvL8sc
Juan José Jaramillo

# data[].attributes.headline
The first arrival on the moon - Marco Santander

# data[].attributes.subject
The first arrival on the moon - Marco Santander

# data[].attributes.body
The first arrival on the moon

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.title
The first arrival on the moon   Marco Santander

# data[].attributes.body
https://youtu.be/l_kgftwiXfU

By Juan Andrés Cueva

# data[].attributes.body
By: Juan Andrés Inapanta

# data[].attributes.body
Andy Garcés Oral Exam

# data[].attributes.body
Juan Jaramillo

Daniela Mina

Marco Santander

Edwin Ron

# data[].attributes.body
·       Andy Garcés

·       Thalia Vega

·       Luis Jiménez

·       Jessica Toalombo

# data[].attributes.body
Diego Pulles.
Fausto Roman.

# data[].attributes.body
Jonathan Gualli

Estefanía Inga

Alexis Lapo

# data[].attributes.body
Samuel Iza
Kevin Iguago
Génesis Guachamín

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.title
Book 3 Unit 9 Passive Voice for Services

# data[].attributes.body
Members: Amy Calahorrano/ Alejandra Lozano/ Silvia López/ Milena Llanos.

https://www.canva.com/design/DAFmtZK6cGU/1UYt_3gWljdZNx3zaOpKUA/watch?utm_content=DAFmtZK6cGU&utm_campaign=designshare&utm_medium=link&utm_source=publishsharelink

# data[].attributes.body
https://youtu.be/SyaF-hQ-J7k

Hi this is a video where we summarize the Up movie.
We hope you like it :)

# data[].attributes.body
Encanto movie

https://drive.google.com/file/d/1hLYQaFf1_zM9sHaohbq2tI79X1aKmwRd/view?usp=sharing

# data[].attributes.body
Encanto movie

Ana B. Leandro

https://drive.google.com/file/d/1hLYQaFf1_zM9sHaohbq2tI79X1aKmwRd/view?usp=sharing

# data[].attributes.body
Encanto Movie

Ana B. Leandro

https://drive.google.com/file/d/1hLYQaFf1_zM9sHaohbq2tI79X1aKmwRd/view?usp=sharing

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.keywords[]
relative clauses: defining and non-defining

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.title
Relative clauses: defining and non-defining

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.description
Relative clauses: defining and non-defining - English Grammar Today - a reference to written and spoken English grammar and usage - Cambridge Dictionary

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.readable_text
A continuación encontrarás más utilidades de las palabras de vinculación, linking words.

Dar una razón o una causa

Las siguientes palabras se utilizan para presentar una razón o una causa.

Because

Es la palabra usada más frecuentemente para dar razón o causa. Se traduce como "porque". Puede utilizarse al principio o en el medio de una oración, aunque es más frecuente en el medio. Si va a ir seguida de un sustantivo, tenemos que utilizar " of ".

Ejemplo:

Since

Se usa de la misma manera que " because ". Se traduce como "ya que".

Ejemplo:

As

Se usa de la misma manera que " because ". Se traduce como "como".

Ejemplo:

Due to

Esta palabra debe ir seguida de un sustantivo. Si va a ir seguida de una cláusula, debemos usar due to the fact that. Se traduce como "debido a".

Ejemplo:

Learning English is important due to the fact that it is an international language. (Aprender inglés es importante debido a que es un idioma internacional.)

Owing to

Las reglas del uso de esta palabra son iguales que las de " due to ".

Ejemplo:

Owing to the fact that it is an international language, learning English is important. (Debido a que es un idioma internacional, aprender inglés es importante.)

Dar un resultado o un efecto

Las siguientes palabras se utilizan para mostrar efecto o resultados y todas se utilizan de una manera similar. Ver las traducciones de los ejemplos para la traducción de cada una. Aparte de " so", (traducida como "asi que") todas ellas suelen ser más formales y se usan más en inglés escrito. Generalmente, estas palabras se encuentran al principio de una oración, antes del resultado. " So ", por el contrario, es más informal y utilizada más a menudo en inglés hablado. La encontramos frecuentemente en medio de la oración.

As a result

Ejemplo:

Therefore

Ejemplo:

So

Ejemplo:

Consequently

Ejemplo:

As a consequence

Ejemplo:

Accordingly

Ejemplo:

Dar ejemplos

Para dar ejemplos, podemos utilizar las siguientes palabras:

For example

"For example" se puede usar al principio o en medio de una oración. Cuando se usa al principio, siempre va seguida de una coma. Cuando la utilizamos en medio de una oración, debemos usar una coma antes y después. Se traduce como "por ejemplo".

Ejemplo:

Such as

Utilizamos esta linking word dentro de una frase. Nunca se encuentra " such as " al prinicipio de una frase y siempre va una coma antes de ella. Se traduce como "tales como".

Ejemplo:

For instance

Se traduce igual y sigue las mismas reglas que " for example ".

Ejemplo:

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.description
Giving Reason, Lección del curso nivel-avanzado

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.readable_text
Ways of Giving Reasons in English

What are the words and phrases we use for giving reasons in English? They are: because, because of, the reason (for this) is, in order to, why, as a result of, for, through, due to, owing to.

Both 'because' and 'because of' are used to tell a reason. 'Because' is a conjunction and we normally use it in a subject + verb construction; 'because of' is a preposition and it goes with a gerund or a noun.

For example:

I got up early because I couldn't sleep.

I got up early because of my inability to sleep.

I got up early because of not being able to sleep.

You shouldn't use 'because' or 'because of' at the beginning of the sentence. Instead, use the phrase 'the reason (for this) is'.
Ways of giving reasons in English

The police arrested two men last night. The reason for this is a bank robbery.

The reason I'm writing is to apply for a position in your company.

'In order to' is a conjunction we use to introduce a purpose.

For example:
Ways of giving reasons in English
'Why' is a conjunction we use to introduce the reason that causes something to happen.

For example:

'As a result of' explains the reason something happens.

For example:
Ways of giving reasons in English
'For' is a preposition that explains a particular reason.

'Through' is a preposition we normally use to explain why someone or something succeeded or failed.

For example:
Ways of giving reasons in English
Due to/owing to are prepositions that introduce the reason why something has happened. They are formal expressions, and they are used more in writing than in spoken English.

For example:

If you really want to learn English but don't know how to do it and where to start, don't hesitate to contact us. Book an online English lesson with one of our certified and experienced English teachers and take a test and consultation. Choose the most suitable app: Skype, Zoom, WhatsApp, Viber or Facebook Messenger. You should certainly join us for 30-minute conversation sessions. We are organizing lessons at a 30% discount. Check it out!

In case you have any questions regarding English or Skype private lessons, don't hesitate to drop us a line on WhatsApp because we'd be happy to hear from you. 🙂

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.title
Ways of Giving Reasons in English - My Lingua Academy

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.description
What are the words and phrases we use for giving reasons in English? They are: because, because of, the reason (for this) is, in order to, why, as a result of, for, through, due to, owing to. Both 'because' and 'because of' are used to tell a reason.

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.provider_name
Wordwall - Create better lessons quicker

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.description
I can't come with you because of....., I can't do my homework because....., We don't go to work due to ...., I make a cake every weekend as.....

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.readable_text
Mon, 10/19/2009 - 00:17 - Chris McCarthy

An exercise on three-part phrasal verbs and discussion topics on celebrities

Three-part phrasal verbs

Definitions

get away with

To escape blame or punishment

come up with

To contribute, for example a suggestion, plan or idea

look up to

To admire someone

look forward to

To be excited about something in the future

get up to

To become involved in, for example mischief

keep up with

To strive to be on equal terms with the common trend, for example fashion

look down on

To disrespect or disregard

get away from

To take a short break, to leave and be able to separate oneself from one's environment for a short time

get off with

To form a romantic, or sexual, relationship with someone, especially quickly (informal)

First match the three-part phrasal verbs with their correct definitions. You only need to type in a, b, c and so on in the spaces.

Now answer the questions below with your own opinions.
Lesson by Danica Steyn, teacher at EC Cape Town English school

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.description
Learn English. 1 FREE English lesson added every single day. Grammar, vocabulary, listening & reading

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.readable_text
1. He dropped ................................. school at fourteen.

a) out of b) out at c) on at

2. Jane has this nasty habit of breaking ................................. our conversation.

a) in on b) on in c) on at

3. As I had been traveling, I couldn't catch ................................. the news around town.

a) up with b) up out c) out on

4. We have employed several people to check ................................. the condition of our warehouse from time to time.

a) up with b) up on c) out on

5. Can you come ................................. a better idea?

a) up with b) out with c) out on

6. You must cut ................................. your intake of sugar.

a) down on b) out on c) down with

7. She doesn't get ................................. her siblings.

a) along with b) on with c) out with

8. We must do something to get ................................. corrupt politicians.

a) off b) rid of c) rid off

9. When will you ever get ................................. that novel you have been writing for ages?

a) away with b) through with c) on with

10. If you don't work hard, you won't be able to keep ................................. your peers.

a) up with b) through with c) out with
Answers
1. He dropped out of school at fourteen. (drop out of = leave school)

2. Jane has this nasty habit of breaking in on our conversation. (break in on = interrupt)

3. As I had been traveling, I couldn't catch up with the news around town. (catch up with = keep abreast)

4. We have employed several people to check up on the condition of our warehouse from time to time. (check up on = examine, investigate)

5. Can you come up with a better idea? (come up with = contribute)

6. You must cut down on your intake of sugar. (cut down on = reduce, curtail)

7. She doesn't get along with her siblings. (get along with = have a good relationship with)

8. We must do something to get rid of corrupt politicians. (get rid of = eliminate)

9. When will you ever get through with that novel you have been writing for ages? (get through with = finish)

10. If you don't work hard, you won't be able to keep up with your peers. (keep up with = maintain pace with)

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.readable_text
, Licensed Clinical Psychologist master in Psychoanalysis

Published on

1. 1. Unit 10 The past and the future Referring to time in the past and predicting the future with will Lic. Selene Rodríguez Lic. Norma Dzib 2008 / 2009

2. 2. Referring to time in the past <ul><li>A point of time in the past. </li></ul><ul><li>When did World War II take place? </li></ul><ul><li>During the 1940's. In the 1940's. Over 60 years ago . </li></ul><ul><li>A period of time that continues into the present. </li></ul><ul><li>How long has the United Nations been in existence? </li></ul><ul><li>Since 1945. Since World War II ended. For about the last 60 years. </li></ul><ul><li>A period of time in the past. </li></ul><ul><li>How long were the Beatles together? </li></ul><ul><li>From 1960 to 1970. For ten years. </li></ul>

3. 3. PRACTICE <ul><li>Complete the paragraphs with words from the grammar section. </li></ul><ul><li>(Using since, for, in, ago, to.) </li></ul><ul><li>Rock music has been popular .......... more than50 years. The Beatles were a well - known English band .......... the 1960's. They performed together .......... ten years - ..... 1960 .... 1970. In 2003, the Beatles released another album, even though two of the original members had already died. The album was recorded ...... 1969, nearly 40 years .......... . </li></ul><ul><li>......... . 2003, the United States launched two Mars exploration spacecraft. Their mission, which lasted .......... more than a year, was to gather information about the rocks, soil, and atmosphere on Mars using rovers called Spirit and Opportunity. The rovers functioned longer than anyone expected - scientists thought they would last .......... only four months on Mars. ........... that time they have sent back thousands of live pictures of the surface of Mars. </li></ul>

4. 4. PRACTICE <ul><li>Complete the sentences with the correct form of the words. </li></ul><ul><li>A person first __________ (walk) on the moon in 1969. </li></ul><ul><li>There __________ (be) satellites in space since 1957. </li></ul><ul><li>Titov and Manarov __________ on the Mir space station for 366 days. </li></ul><ul><li>A person __________ (not walk) on the moon for more than thirty years. </li></ul><ul><li>No one __________ (walk) on Mars yet </li></ul><ul><li>The space probe Cassini __________ (fly) to Saturn from 1997 to 2004. </li></ul>

5. 5. Predicting the future with will Use will to predict future events or situations Computers will recognize any voice command. You won't need a keyboard Use future continuous to predict on going actions People will be living in cities under the ocean Use future perfect to predict actions that will be completed by a certain time Within 20 years, scientists will have discovered a cure for baldness. By 2050, we will have set up communities on Mars

6. 6. <ul><li>Will, won't, shall , for simple predictions </li></ul><ul><li>We use will or won't when we make simple predictions about future actions or situations. </li></ul><ul><li>The hotels will be cheaper in October. </li></ul><ul><li>But the weather won't be as good. </li></ul><ul><li>After I and we, we can use will or shall in affirmative sentences. But we normally use the short forms (I'll, we'll) </li></ul><ul><li>We'll have to take winter clothes. </li></ul><ul><li>In negative sentences, after I and we, we can use won't. </li></ul><ul><li>We won't have time to see everything </li></ul><ul><li>We often use I (don't) think, I (don't) expect, I'm sure, I'm afraid and probably, definitely, perhaps, etc. with will and won't. </li></ul><ul><li>I think it'll be better. We'll probably have to travel for hours </li></ul>

7. 7. PRACTICE <ul><li>Complete these predictions with the correct verb forms. More than one answer is possible. (Use will or won´t) </li></ul><ul><li>In ten years, flights from New York to Tokyo .......... less than two hours. (take) </li></ul><ul><li>Soon they .......... computers that can translate perfectly from one language to another. (sell) </li></ul><ul><li>By the middle of the twenty - first century, scientists .......... a way to prevent aging. (discover) </li></ul><ul><li>Sometime in the future, scientists .......... a machine that transmits our thoughts. (invent) </li></ul><ul><li>Within 50 years, people.......... on the moon. (live) </li></ul><ul><li>In less than a century, global warming .......... most of the polar ice caps and many coastal cities .......... . (melt / disappear) </li></ul>

8. 8. Future Forms Future Form Use Example Will/won´t, Be going to Predictions The new stadium won´t be ready in time for the final. It is going to be ready. I saw an article about it in the newspaper. Will Decisions made at the time of speaking Someone´s at the door. I´ ll get it . Be going to Future intentions He´s going to be a lawyer when he grows up. Present continuous Future plans and arrangements I´m playing tennis on Wednesday afternoon. Present simple Timetables The movie starts at 8:30.

9. 9. Bibliography Richards, Jack C. Interchange Third Edition Cambridge University Press 2005 Taylor Annie Elevator 4, Language Lift Richmond Publishing 2007

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.description
Licensed Clinical Psychologist master in Psychoanalysis Published on 1. Unit 10 The past and the future Referring to time in the past and predicting the future with will Lic. Selene Rodríguez Lic. Norma Dzib 2008 / 2009 2. Referring to time in the past A point of time in the past.

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.title
Three-Word Phrasal Verbs interactive worksheet

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.description
LiveWorksheets transforms your traditional printable worksheets into self-correcting interactive exercises that the students can do online and send to the teacher.

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.description
LiveWorksheets transforms your traditional printable worksheets into self-correcting interactive exercises that the students can do online and send to the teacher.

# data[].attributes.body
https://youtu.be/C-vdOuTcwas

# data[].attributes.body
The Stonewall Riots

# data[].attributes.body
Historic Event

# data[].attributes.body
Historic event - Colombia.

Pablo Emilio Escobar Gaviria

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.title
The Story of Pablo Escobar and His Empire”

# data[].attributes.body
Historic event

# data[].attributes.body
SEPTEMBER 11 HISTORIC EVENT / ALEX GALLO

# data[].attributes.body
Dolores Cacuango, by Laura González C.

# data[].attributes.body
The first flight in a plane

# data[].attributes.body
Andrea Presilla

Nicole González

Alex Gallo

# data[].attributes.body
Laura Nerea Valverde Rivera

Michael Andres Ibarra Ocaña

Susan Michelle Benítez

# data[].attributes.body
Alessandro, Evy, Laura

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.title
Green Orange Floral Food And Drink Presentation

# data[].attributes.body
Evelyn Parker y Nicole Gonzalez

# data[].attributes.body
Michael Ibarra

# data[].attributes.body
Alex Gallo

Alessandro Jurado