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Are students generating ideas in L1, mix of L1 and L2 or are they capable of brainstorming in L2.

Students are writing left to right

Separating words on the page

Writing to convey meaningful ideas

Ideas are connected to the original question

What type of sentence structure is the student using? Simple, Simple with description, Complex

Are they able to join or combine ideas together in one sentences?

What is the vocabulary like that is expressed in the writing. Are they substituting L1 words?

Use writing samples to identify future word lists.

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1. Alphabet

2. Picture-word match

3. Labeling pictures

4. Presenting ideas in jot notes

5. Cloze activities choosing the correct words to complete sentences

6. Writing simple sentences “I like pizza”

7. Writing sentences that include detail “The dog is brown”

8. Completing a graphic organizer to plan a writing assignment

9. Short sentences expressing a single idea. “I went to the zoo.”

10. Increasing sentence complexity “On Saturday I went to the zoo”

11. Increasing sentence complexity “On Saturday I went to the zoo with my uncle”

12. Short paragraphs (with or without the aid of structured prompts)

13. Increasingly longer single paragraph compositions

14. Three linking paragraphs (with or without a model)

15. Five-paragraph composition (with or without a model)

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Try to pick topics that the student expresses interest in.

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Student is using pictures or relying on pictures

Student uses high frequency words

Reads multi-syllable words

They were able to learn unfamiliar words that were repeated

They understood complex subject specific words they may not be familiar with

They understand words that may have more than one meaning

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Use questions from the STEP User Guide – initial assessments

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Is student using single word?

Do they use simple sentences
Compound sentences or
Sentences with linking words?

Do they use L1 and gestures to express ideas or answer in questions using L2?

Do the student's answers demonstrate that they understand the question?

Is student responding with one word answers or trying to use short sentences.

Can you prompt them to try and use short sentences or are they limited to single words?

If the student is having trouble answering try sharing a modelled answer and see if they are capable of following the example.

Student can express their personal needs

Think about vocabulary: Is the student using common words or subject specific vocabulary, are they able to add description

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Before reading questions

What do you think the book will be about?

What are three questions you have about the book?

What do you think the title means?

What does the picture make you think about?

During reading questions?

What do you think could happen next?

Predict a solution to…

What does the picture tell you…? How does the picture help you understand…?

After Reading

What happened after...?

Describe what happened at… ?

Can you tell why…?

What was the main idea…?

Explain the difference between…

Tell the story in your own words…(retell) Text to self connections: Compare…to something that has happened in your life.

What questions would you ask of…? Describe your feelings about…

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Chose a text considering the students background and interest that you gleaned from the oral assessment. I think that a Developmental Reading Assessment (DRA) text would be appropriate because it is leveled and standardized.

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Selecting a text based on level of achievement (consider)

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Selecting a text based on level of achievement (consider)

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Start with reading single word cue cards or common sight words.

Dolch list or other common site word list may be out of context for the student but will provide information about word attack strategies and knowledge of  common site words.

books containing simple sentences that repeat in the text. Text is highly supported by pictures.

books with two or three sentences per page still supported by pictures

Texts with two to five lines on each page.

Texts with short paragraphs at appropriate DRA or Fountas and Pinnell levels for student

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What is your name?

When is your birthday?

What languages do you speak?

Have you studied English before?

Who is in your family?

What is your favourite thing

about your home?

What is your favourite holiday?