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Process of inspiration:
1. Diaphragm moves down
2.External intercostal muscles contract
3.Lung volume increase so air is inhaled and epiglottis close so food and water don't go into trachea.
4. Air go from trachea to bronchi , bronchioles and then alveoli
5. Oxygen diffuse into blood in alveoli and used by respiring cells.

Process of expiration:
1. Carbon dioxide produced by respiring cells diffuses out of blood in alveoli
2. Diaphragm moves up
3. Internal intercostal muscles contract
4. Lung volume is decreased so air is exhaled and carbon dioxide is removed.

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This is a diagram of lungs
from https://image.baidu.com/search/detail=503316480&z=0&ipn=d&word=lungs

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The trachea is actually branched into several subdivisions. Trachea divides into bronchi, bronchioles, and alveoli.

Alveoli is surrounded by the elastic tissue , this stretches when we breathe in and recoils when we breathe out

There is a significant difference in the composition of inspired air and expired air. There are more carbon dioxide and water vapour and less oxygen in air we breathe out and the nitrogen percentage always remains the same.

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This is a picture of the structure of alveoli
from https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulmonary_alveolus

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The function of alveoli and its adaptation to its job

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The function of alveoli and its adaptation to its job

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The function of alveoli is to diffuse oxygen into blood and carbon dioxide out of the blood. It is very adapted to its job because it have a really thin wall and a giant network of capillaries is embedded under the surfaces of alveoli. This provide the efficiency for gas exchange because the thin wall make the diffusion of oxygen and carbon dioxide in and out of capillaries easy . And also a good supply of blood in the capillaries so carbon dioxide will be quickly removed and oxygen is quickly supplied.