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Melanie Klein was an Austrian-British psychoanalyst who helped shape the field of psychoanalysis. She was the first person to conduct psychoanalysis on young children and was innovative in the field of child psychology (for example, she pioneered using toys with children in therapy). She confounded object relations theory, a psychoanalytic theory of psychological development. Today, Kleinian psychoanalysis is one of the major schools of psychoanalytic therapy.

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Brenda Milner (Julia)

Brenda Milner is a nearly-100 year old British-Canadian neuropsychologist still active at the Montreal Neurological Institute. Some credit her with founding the field of neuropsychology. She was the leader of the study on the famous amnesiac whom we know as H. M. She has made essential contributions to our understanding of memory, in addition to a whole range of topics from language to handedness. She has over 20 honorary degrees is also the 9th woman to be inducted into the Canadian Science and Engineering Hall of Fame

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The first black man to receive his PHD in psychology, Sumner helped to establish the psychology department at Howard University. His work served to counteract Eurocentric psychological studies that would often confirm racial biases. His work as a teacher was equally important, as many of his students would go on to become important in the field of psychology in their own right. One such student was Kenneth Bancroft Clark.

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Mary Ainsworth was an American-Canadian developmental psychologist best known for her research on attachment theory. After attending the University of Toronto in the honors psychology program, earning her M.A., B.A., and P.h.D., and joining the Canadian Women's Army Corps, she took up a teaching position at John Hopkins in the USA, where she started working on creating a test to measure the attachments between mothers and children. She developed her famous "Strange Situation" assessment, where a researcher observes a child's behavior when their mother leaves them alone in an unfamiliar room. The way the child behaves during the separation and after the mother's return reveals important information about attachment.  Ainsworth found that there were three styles of attachment: secure, anxious-avoidant and anxious-resistant.

Mary Ainsworth's research on attachment has played a key role in our understanding of childhood development, and she has inspired a huge body of research surrounding early childhood attachment.

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Karen Horney was a German Psychoanalyst, often referred to as a Neo-Freudian because of her theories questioning traditional Freudian views. She is credited with founding feminist psychology due to arguments against several of Freuds main points, such as: penis envy, sex and aggression being defining personality traits, and Oedipal complexes.

From Germany she moved to Brooklyn, living in a Jewish community of those escaping Nazi Germany. There she developed theories on neurosis and personality, as well as becoming the Dean of the American Institute of Psychoanalysis. She published The Neurotic Personality of Our Time  and founded the Association for the Advancement of Psychoanalysis and the American Journal of Pschoanalysis.

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Antonio Damasio is a Portuguese-American neuroscientist and university professor. He is currently the David Dornsife Professor of Neuroscience, Psychology and Philosophy at the University of Southern California and an adjunct professor at the Salk Institute. Damasio formulated the somatic marker hypothesis,a theory about how emotions and their biological underpinnings are involved in decision-making (both positively and negatively, and often non-consciously). Emotions provide the scaffolding for the construction of social cognition and are required for the self processes which undergird consciousness.

He has continued to investigate the neural basis of feelings and demonstrated that although the insular cortex is a major substrate for this process it is not exclusive, suggesting that brain stem nuclei are critical platforms as well. He regards feelings as the necessary foundation of sentience.

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Anna Freud was an Austrian-British psychoanalyst and the last child of Sigmund Freud. One of the pioneers in the field of psychoanalytic child psychology.

She was a prolific writer and wrote many books on developmental psychology based mostly on psychoanalysis. While she was in many ways carrying further her fathers legacy, her focus on her 'cataloguing of regression, repression, reaction formation, isolation, undoing, projection, introjection, turning against the self, reversal and sublimation' helped further establish the importance of defense mechanisms.

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Kenneth Clark was an American Psychologist who greatly contributed to the Brown v. Board of Education case.

He is famous for a psychological study called the "doll study". The Doll study tests children starting at the early age of three years old and their attraction to white vs. brown dolls; the shocking majority leaning towards white dolls. Clark says that segregation is responsible for this phenomenon and that segregation on a whole is psychologically damaging to children. This, in fact, helped the Supreme Court's decision in outlawing segregation.

In addition, Clark was the first black president of the American Psychology Association.

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Alison Gopnik is a professor of psychology at the University of California, Berkeley. She has had substantial impact on the field of developmental psychology and is known for her contributions to the “theory theory” which suggests that the same processes used by scientists to develop scientific theories are used by children to adapt to their environment and develop.

Her books include: The Philosophical Baby: What Children's Minds Tell Us About Truth, Love, and the Meaning of Life, The scientist in the crib and The Gardener and the Carpenter: What the New Science of Child Development Tells Us About the Relationship Between Parents and Children.

Her TED Talk: https://www.ted.com/talks/alison_gopnik_what_do_babies_think

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Find someone who has contributed to Psychology or Neuroscience who is a NON-WHITE-MALE.

Include a picture and a brief summary of their contributions (and put your NAME in parenthesis so you get credit!

See below for an example

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Carl Hart - Chair of Psychology Department at Columbia University (Dan)

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Carl Hart - Chair of Psychology Department at Columbia University (Dan)

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Carl Hart, PhD, is a professor of psychology and psychiatry at Columbia University and was the first tenured African American professor in the Sciences at Columbia.

His research on drug users and drug abuse has shed light on drug myths about crack, prescription medications, and more. He has pointed out how drugs have been criminalized in the United States specifically to target minorities, and in his book "High Price" he argues for the decriminalization of all drugs.

He has recently been in the news for criticizing the Philippines Drug War as "infantile" and for saying "I would much rather my own children interact with drugs than with the police."