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The textbook examines three ways researchers have described and classified temperaments:

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The first is the Chess and Thomas’ Classification which identifies three basic ‘clusters’ of temperament:

An easy child: generally in a good, positive mood, who establishes regular routines in infancy and adapts easily to change or new experiences

A Difficult Child: frequent negative attitude and cries often, irregular daily routines, and is slow to accept change and new experiences.

A slow-to-warm-up child: has a low activity level, is somewhat negative and displays a low intensity of mood

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The second way of classifying temperament is the Kagan Behavioral Inhibition that focuses on differences between a shy and timid child and a sociable, bold child and how they interact with strangers, which is a category called inhibition to the unfamiliar. Research has shown that inhibition shows considerable stability from infancy to early childhood.

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The third strategy is the Rothbart and Bates’ Classification that identifies three broad dimensions that represent what researchers have found to somewhat characterize the structure of temperament:

1. Extraversion/surgency: “positive anticipation, impulsivity, activity level, and sensation seeking”

2. Negative affectivity: “fear, frustration, sadness, and discomfort”

3. Effortful Control: “attention focusing, and shifting, perceptual sensitivity, and low-intensity pleasure”

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Part 1: Flexible Fearful or Feisty: Different Temperaments of Infants and Toddlers

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Part 2: Flexible, Fearful, Feisty The Different Temperaments of Infants and Toddlers

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There were a couple of similarities in both the textbook and the article observed.
They both gave a similar definition of what temperament is, and also suggested it is something that can be observed in a child from birth until adulthood. They both also mention that a parent should pay attention and nurture the child's temperament from birth in order to help to prevent future difficulties in the child's future, when it comes to development or interaction with their environment or peers.

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As well as the similarities presented in the two texts, there was only one main difference. This is that the online article mentions that the parent should nurture the child's distinct temperament, however they do not give any additional information. The textbook mentions the observation scales that can be utilized as well as tips to provide for parents to better nurture their child.

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The article that was read online from the Child Development Institute suggests that the traits pertaining to temperament are relatively stable from birth. Stating that these characteristics should never be viewed as either “good” or “bad”, but should be imperative to understanding their child so they may avoid issues that would cause them to blame themselves for their child’s temperament that are actually just normal.

When a parent can understand the way their child may respond to certain situations they may be able to anticipate future issues their child may have to deal with or that may present difficulties for their child. It is important to tailor parenting strategies to nurture their child’s distinct personality.

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Temperament refers to a set of traits that a child is born with that explain his or her approach to the world around them. The term temperament links together emotions, characteristic ways of responding, and emotional styles to explain individual differences regarding the child’s distinct personality. It can also have an effect on the development of the child when it comes to learning about the environment and the world around them.