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The purpose was to illustrate the idea of "Philosophy" of human wisdom and go with the other 3 disciplines. Pope Julius II also wished to leave his mark on the Church so he did so in something that lasts a very long time; by commissioning art.

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Raphael (1483-1520) was known of perfecting being able to execute the Neoplatonism idea in his artwork, blending the ideas of antiquity with the revival of the Renaissance. Raphael was also known to have run a large workshop during his life. He is known also for his "rivalry" with Michelangelo. His artworks encompass printmaking and portraits but his most famous artworks are those commissioned by Pope Julius II

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Pope Julius II commissioned this work to decorate his papal apartment, he is also known for commissioning the Sistine Chapel

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Much like the Apostles in da Vinci's "Last Supper" each figure has their own respective personality in the painting, each conveying their own ideas and theories to their own groups of people. Making it seem like a candid and fluid scene rather than a stiff image. Raphael continues to blend the time period of the Greeks and Romans with the Renaissance by including some of his contemporaries and even himself in the scene, continuing the trend of Neoplatonism that we have seen in several Renaissance works.

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Raphael was given the task of making murals in the papal apartments in the Apostolic Palace of the Vatican. Raphael created 4 each with its own respective heading of either Theology,Law, Poetry or Philosophy for the papal library. "The School of Athens" is the Philosophy mural.

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Right next to Plato is Aristotle who is gesturing to the Earth showing that his philosophies are based on reality. Ptolemy and Zoroaster who are astronomers are both holding a globe, showing their importance of the cosmos.

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Plato is shown here pointing to the heavens, demonstrating his philosophies regard those of the heavens and mysteries that transcend this world. As do the philosophers on the left of the scene. Pythagoras is shown working out his theorem blending both the real world of geometry and demonstrating how the heavens also have a perfect ratio.

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It is a congregation of the greatest philosophers of the Ancient World. They are congregated in a typical Romanesque architecture consisting of barrel vaults all discussing and debating their respective theories and ideas. Statues of Apollo and Athena, both Gods of Wisdom are present in the background.