# data[].attributes.body
atropine -antidote for cholinergic poisoning

increase HR, decreases vagus nerve activity (parasympathetic), pre-op med-slows digestion and urination, mydriasis (dilate the pupils)

dicyclomine (Bentyl®)- used for GI disorders (ulcers, colitis, IBS)

decreases GI secretions and motility

ipratropium bromide (Atrovent®) - bronchodilation

# data[].attributes.body
neostigmine (Prostigmin®)

# data[].attributes.body
acetylcholine-used for miosis, cataract and other eye surgeries

MOA: pupil constriction

pilocarpine (Pilocar® )-used for glaucoma

MOA: pupil constriction; decreases amount of fluid in eye; decreases  intraocular pressure

bethanechol (Urecholine®)-used for urinary retention and ileus/intestinal stasis

MOA: stimulates muscarinic receptors of bladder and GI tract to prevent constipation and urinary retention post-op and in the elderly

# data[].attributes.body
bind to a cholinergic receptor

acts as a blocking drug; competitive antagonism

# data[].attributes.body
inhibit an enzyme called acetylcholinesterase, the enzyme that destroys ACH in the synapse

increases ACH

# data[].attributes.body
directly stimulate/bind to the muscarinic receptors in the parasympathetic division

mimics ACH

# data[].attributes.body
nadolol (Corgard®)

propanolol (Inderal®)

timolol (Blocadren®)

# data[].attributes.body
atenolol (Tenormin®)

metoprolol (Lopressor®)

# data[].attributes.body
block beta-1 and beta-2 receptors

decreases force of contraction  (negative inotropic), decreases cardiac output

decreases HR  (negative chronotropic)

decreases conduction (negative dromotropic)

decrease in cardiac output also decreases BP

can cause bronchoconstriction

# data[].attributes.body
beta-1 receptor is blocked (antagonizes beta-1 effects of NE and EPI)

decreases force of contraction  (negative inotropic), decreases cardiac output

decreases HR  (negative chronotropic)

decreases conduction (negative dromotropic)

decrease in cardiac output also decreases BP

# data[].attributes.body
albuterol (Proventil®, Ventolin®)-bronchodilator

terbutaline (Brethine®)-bronchodilator, uterine relaxant

formoterol (Foradil®)-bronchodilator

salmeterol (Serevent®)-bronchodilator

# data[].attributes.body
stimulates beta 2 receptors

relaxation of the smooth muscle of the lungs 🡪 bronchodilation

relaxation of the smooth muscle of the uterus

# data[].attributes.body
Low dose-stimulates dopaminergic (d-1) receptors in kidneys causing vasodilation and increased renal blood flow

Moderate dose-stimulates  beta 1 receptors-heart, increases force of contraction and cardiac output

High dose- stimulates alpha-1 receptors causing vasoconstriction 🡪 increase in blood pressure

# data[].attributes.body
dobutamine

# data[].attributes.body
prazosin (Minipress®) -HTN
terazosin (Hytrin®) -HTN, BPH
doxazosin (Cardura®)-HTN, BPH

# data[].attributes.body
binds to alpha-1 receptors and blocks them

relaxation of smooth muscle

vasodilation of blood vessels, decreases BP

relaxes smooth muscle of ureters and increases urine flow

# data[].attributes.body
epinephrine (Adrenalin®)

# data[].attributes.body
Stimulates all alpha and beta receptors, an exception

Vasopressor-vasoconstriction, increases BP

Cardiac stimulant

Bronchodilator

# data[].attributes.body
ephedrine

phenylephrine (Neo-Synephrine®)

# data[].attributes.body
alpha-1 receptor is stimulated

contraction of smooth muscle, blood vessels constrict, increases BP

vasoconstriction of nasal passages 🡪 decongestant effect

# data[].attributes.body
Under each classification, identify which receptors are interacted with, then include the action that occurs.

# data[].attributes.body
Under each classification, identify which receptors are interacted with, then include the action that occurs.

# data[].attributes.headline
End organ responses that occur in the PNS 

# data[].attributes.subject
End organ responses that occur in the PNS 

# data[].attributes.body
List the specific organ and state what response is generated in that organ when stimulated by the PNS

Heart = decreases heart rate and AV conduction, slight decrease in contractility

Intestines, GI motility, and secretions = increased

Postganglionic neurotransmitter = acetylcholine released

Pupil of the eye = constriction (miosis)

Respiratory passages, lower = bronchoconstriction

Urinary bladder = contraction

urinary sphincter = relaxation

# data[].attributes.headline
End organ responses that occur in the SNS

# data[].attributes.subject
End organ responses that occur in the SNS

# data[].attributes.body
List the specific organ and state what response is generated in that organ when stimulated by the SNS

Adrenal Medulla = release of epinephrine

Arteries = vasoconstriction

Heart = increases heart rate and AV conduction, increases contractility

Intestines, GI motility, and secretions = decreased

Postganglionic neurotransmitter = norepinephrine released

Pupil of the eye = dilation (mydriasis)

Respiratory passages, lower = bronchodilation

Urinary bladder = relaxation

Urinary sphincter = contraction

# data[].attributes.headline
Receptors of PNS with main locations of each receptor

# data[].attributes.subject
Receptors of PNS with main locations of each receptor

# data[].attributes.body
Cholinergic Receptors

muscarinic - located on cardiac, smooth muscle, and glands

nicotinic 1 (Nn) - at ganglia of parasympathetic nerves

# data[].attributes.headline
Receptors of SNS with main locations of each receptor

# data[].attributes.subject
Receptors of SNS with main locations of each receptor

# data[].attributes.body
Sympathetic/Adrenergic Receptors

Alpha 1 receptors = found on glands, smooth muscles, eyes, most arteries and veins

Alpha 2 receptors = adrenergic nerve ending

Beta 1 receptors = located on the heart

Beta 2 receptors = located on smooth muscle, lungs, uterus, skeletal muscle arteries, coronary arteries

Other

Nicotinic 1 (Nn) - at ganglia of sympathetic nerves

# data[].attributes.headline
Locations where each NT is released in the PNS

# data[].attributes.subject
Locations where each NT is released in the PNS

# data[].attributes.body
ACH

released at ganglia from presynaptic nerve endings

released at postganglionic nerve endings

# data[].attributes.headline
Locations where each NT is released in the SNS

# data[].attributes.subject
Locations where each NT is released in the SNS

# data[].attributes.body
ACH - released at ganglia from presynaptic nerve endings

NE - released at postganglionic nerve endings

EPI - produced by adrenal medulla

DA - precursor to NE

# data[].attributes.body
Sympathetic Nervous System (SNS)

Acetylcholine (ACH)

Norepinephrine (NE)

Epinephrine (EP)

Dopamine (DA)

Parasympathetic Nervous System (PNS)

Acetylcholine (ACH)

# data[].attributes.headline
Divisions of the Autonomic Nervous System (ANS)

# data[].attributes.subject
Divisions of the Autonomic Nervous System (ANS)

# data[].attributes.body
Sympathetic Nervous System (adrenergic)

Parasympathetic Nervous System (cholinergic)