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In 1928, he discovered DNA was the carrier of genetic information after an experiment on bacterium that would regard the “transforming principle” of bacterium. He found this transforming substance was hereditary, but died in a bombing on London before he could discovery it was DNA.

https://www.britannica.com/biography/Frederick-Griffith

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Oswald Avery was a Canadian-born American bacteriologist that would discover what Griffith’s “transforming principle,” i.e. DNA was in 1944 (3 years after Griffith’s death). In ‘44, him and his colleagues would identify that the transforming substance held the genetic material for the organisms, but at the time was faced by skepticism, but later when proven Avery was credited for his work.

https://www.britannica.com/biography/Oswald-Avery

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Martha Chase and Alfred Hershey starting in 1951 would conduct the Hershey-Chase experiments, where they would prove that DNA is the molecule for genetic replication and genes were made up of DNA.

https://embryo.asu.edu/pages/hershey-chase-experiments-1952-alfred-hershey-and-martha-chase

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Rosalind Franklin in the 1950s, starting with her joining of the research team at King’s College in 1951 to later figure out that it was in a helical conformation. She would strive to make clearer and clearer x-rays of DNA that would later let James Watson and Francis Crick discover the double helix shape.

https://www.britannica.com/biography/Rosalind-Franklin

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In 1952, Erwin Chargaff would discover what DNA is made of. He would discover its sugar, nitrogen base, phosphate group structure, and would discover the 4 bases it uses. Erwin would also identify that Adenine (A) always matched with Thymine (T) and Guanine (G) would always match with Cytosine (C).

https://bio.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Introductory_and_General_Biology/Book%3A_General_Biology_(Boundless)/14%3A_DNA_Structure_and_Function/14.1%3A_Historical_Basis_of_Modern_Understanding/14.1A%3A__Discovery_of_DNA

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James Watson would meet with Francis Crick in 1951, and together they would piggyback off the research of Rosalind Franklin. In 1953, James Watson and Francis Crick would identify DNA’s structure being a double helix shape. They also would they theorized that each strand of DNA would be the blueprints for the body. Watson and Crick would also propose the idea of the chromosome and the explanation of the replication of the gene.

https://www.britannica.com/biography/Francis-Crick