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Anger of Parties Promised Land in exchange for fighting in WWI

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Anger of Parties Promised Land in exchange for fighting in WWI

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Effect of Global Depression on Brazil?
How do the steps that Vargas takes compare to those of other totalitarian rulers at the time?

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Nationalists

- Led by General Francisco Franco

- Hitler, Mussolini, Antonio Salazar (Germany, Italy, and Portugal) helped provide them with arms in the civil war

- They defeated the Loyalist army

- Franco became dictator until 1975 when he died

Republicans/Loyalists

- They were supporters of newly elected Spanish Republic

- French, British, American, and Soviet Union citizens also helped them during the civil war

- They lost the war against the Nationalists

Some Historians argue that the Spanish Civil War is the actual beginning of WWII, to what extent do you agree or disagree and why?

- We agree with this to a certain extent due to the fact that many of the key countries involved in World War 2 participated in the Civil War, which gave us insight on who would possibly be on which side.

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Plans?
Spread communism, eliminate kulaks, or any other threat to his reign, reorganize the agricultural economy into a collective, building cities for factories
Targeting?
Against the kulaks (peasants) or any enemies
Effects?
Farmers tried to rebel and burn crops or livestock, widespread famine, millions dead.

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Stalin's 5 Year Plans & Collectivization

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Stalin's 5 Year Plans & Collectivization

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What were they?
The Five-Year Plan was Stalin's strategies to industrialize the agricultural nation. Collectivization was a process where land was taken from farmers and given to a collective (kolkhoz) to manage/ they were forced to work the land and obey the government.
What were the goals?
To transform Russia into an industrial power and catch up with the West.
What were the outcomes?
Ultimately, the collectivization of agriculture failed and many peasant starved to death especially in Ukraine. Heavy industry continued to grow and factory jobs were created in large numbers. Stalin executed his enemies and the USSR increased its military power along with industrializing.

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Rising Nationalism and Anti-Colonial Movements 

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Rising Nationalism and Anti-Colonial Movements 

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Colonies of allied powers felt betrayed that their sacrifices during the war were not acknowledged, and angered that they were not afforded the opportunity for self-determination that some European peoples were given

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Grievances?
- Manchu-led Qing dynasty (natural disasters,rebellions)
Plans?
- Overthrow Qing dynasty
- Three Principles of the People (nationalism, democracy, and people's livelihood)
- National Reconstruction  (through Kuomintang party)
Targeting?
- Manchu dynasty
Effects?
- Sun Yat-sen becomes "Father of China"
- Overthrew Manchu dynasty

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Grievances?
- The corruption of government (ex Communist Party officials)
Plans?
- Marxist-Leninist theories and military strategies
- Great Leap Forward, five year plan to modernize agricultural sector
Targeting?
- Private sector
Effects?
Great Leap Famine - deadliest famine in history and death of 15-55 million people

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Greater East Asia Co-Prosperity Sphere  (AD)

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Greater East Asia Co-Prosperity Sphere  (AD)

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What is it? Japan's way of colonization and empire within Asia.
What are the goals? To take control of other countries and use new resources for war.

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1. Effect of Global Depression on Japan? Abrupt deflation and contradiction of economic activities. Greatest effect were economic related ones.
2. New Territories Seized? Manchuria and Jehol.
3. Why did they leave the League of Nations? They left because they were blamed for the invasion that occurred in Manchuria.

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Finland, Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania, Poland, Czechoslovakia, Yugoslavia

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Areas of Africa, Asia, and Latin America that were economically dependent on Imperial powers experience severe economic consequences

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What is it?
Relief?
Recovery?
Reform?

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Starting with the US, countries begin passing tariffs intending to protect their domestic economies.
How does this help create a GLOBAL depression?
Since output fell, prices declined, and unemployment increased, governments were forced to act. Protectionism was used to help domestic economies during the worldwide slump.

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1. After a brief surge in the 20's people have over-invested in the stock market  --> Crash
2. Agricultural Overproduction --> low prices on goods --> farmers can't pay off debts
3. European debtors aren't paying

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France and Britain are counting on German reparations and Soviet debt repayments in order to pay their own debts, no money in = no money out

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Grievances

- Italy received very little territory from Treaty of Versailles

- People were discontent because the country switched sides (Central to Allies) and gained nothing from it

Plans

- Fascist party led by Benito Mussolini took control of parliament

- Mussolini became a dictator

- Fascist government spread military propaganda throughout the country ex. schoolchildren were being taught about fearless leader and glorious nation

Targeting

- Mussolini believed there was need to conquer an inferior nation

- They conquered Abyssinia, which defied League of Nations’ sanctions

Effects

- Many historians think that the conquering of Abyssinia is what destroyed the credibility of the League of Nations

- Mussolini and Hitler formed an alliance with hopes of dominating Europe

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Grievances

- Germany had to sign Treaty of Versailles and agree to a lot of conditions

- They were forced to take responsibility for the war

- All of their allies either switched sides or no longer existed

- Germany had to pay reparations to many of the Allied Powers which caused inflation within their economy

- They had to give up all their colonies

- Also they had to demilitarize drastically

- People were resentful towards the government (Weimar Republic) for agreeing to these conditions

Plans

- Democracy of Weimar Republic was ended and monarchical rule of the kaiser replaced them

- Adolf Hitler later became president of the country after death of former leader

- Hitler wrote book about his anti-Semitic views and blamed Jews and other ethic minorities for the state of Germany

- Ultimately wanted to conquer the whole continent

Targeting

- Hitler openly promoted scientific racism and ultranationalism

- Created Nuremberg Laws that discriminated against Jews

- Led Kristallnacht campaign to rid Germany of Jews

- Nazis organized “Night of the Broken Glass” where many Jews were killed or arrested and sent to concentration camps. Nearly all synagogues and many Jewish shops were destroyed.

- He began staking claims over various pieces of in Europe and annexing countries

Effects

- Many Jewish people fled the country or died in concentration camps

- Invasion of Poland let to beginning of World War 2

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Germany doesn't have money to pay, so they just print more

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Growing Resentment of the Weimar Republic

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Growing Resentment of the Weimar Republic

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China wants German Colonies in East Asia

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China wants German Colonies in East Asia

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China supported the Allied Powers in the war

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(none of the other Cental Powers exist anymore)

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- France experienced devastation due to being a major front of the war
- Britain wants payback too

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- "Peace without Victory"
- Self-Determination for former Central Powers territories
- 14 Points & League of Nations

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Bolshevik Russia refused to pay their war debts to the Allied Powers  --> Allied Powers refuse to recognize the new Bolshevik government

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Italy switched alliances in 1917 with the promise of new territory if/when the Allied Powers won.