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A: whether the difference in attachment patterns at a young age has an affect on relationships when we are older
P: A love quiz with forced answers
R: over 50% had a secure attachment

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A - whether the same distribution of childhood attachment patterns was manifested in a study on adult love.
M- 'love quiz' in a local newspaper. The researchers used 620 participants (205 males, 415 female, mean agge 36, 91% hetrosexual).
C- 56% classified as secure, easy to get close to others, reported fewer divorces

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A -
M - love quiz posted in the local newspaper.
R - 56% said to have secure attachment.
C - romantic love is an attachment process. Intimate relationships follow the same patterns of attachment as in infancy.

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Aims - whether childhood attachments had an effect on adult live relationships
Procedure - a love quiz in a newspaper. The questionnaire included statements characterising the most important love relationship and childhood relationship with parents.
Results - Around 56% of the respondents classified themselves as secure found in relatively easy to get close to others
• described their relationships as trusting
• Rarely worried about being abandoned
• Reported much fewer divorces

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p: love quiz questionnaire in the local newspaper
R: 56% secure
20% anxious
24% avoidant

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-620 participants- 205 males and 415 females
-love quiz was added which included statements about their relationships
-56% of participants were secure
20% were describes as anxious

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People might lie so that they give the most socially desirable answers.

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NO - there are problems with the study....

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NO - there are problems with the study....

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- social desirability
- reductionist (Could an individuals past play a part)
-too focused on nurture (could it e hormone based or to pass on the genes)

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validity low due to participants could of lied on their questionnaire due to them not wanting to share their relationships.
social desirability
pps may lie as they may be too embarrassed to reveal their relationships so may lie or exaggerate. not allowing Hazan to measure what he set out to measure.

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•Low validity as it is easy to lie on a questionnaire, so results might not be accurate.
•People could conform to answers that they see as socially acceptable.
•Too simplistic to fully explain attachments.

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1.People could answer the questions based on socially acceptable answers
2.There are other factors that can affect you relatonships when you are older, not just your childhood

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The validity is low due to participants being able to potentially lie on their questionnaire which makes the results unreliable. People also may alter their answers as they might be embarrassed or it may be a sensitive topic.

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internal working model acts as a template for future relationships.from their early attachments an infant learns what relationships are and how partners in a relationship behave towards each other.

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proposed that the internal working model acts as a template for future relationships. From early attachments an infant learns what relationships are and how partners in a relationship behave towards each other. This is why it’s thought that the first attachment a child makes wil affect all attachments in their life.

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-states the IWM acts a template for future relationships
-He concluded that the first attachments a child makes will affect attachments throughout their life

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• internal working model states that initial attachments a child makes with its parents are used as a template for all future relationships.

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There is contrasting evidence, that says the attachments that are formed at a young age do not affect the attachments formed in later life.

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There is evidence to contradict his claims. Zimmerman assessed infant attachment types and adolescents attachment to parent. There was very little relationship between the quality of infant and adolescent attachment. This is a weakness as it juxtaposes the importance of the internal working model that bowlby claimed had a significant effect on relationships.

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Different evidence has found that attachment from a young age do not affect their relationships when the person is older (Zimmerman). This is a weakness because this goes againt the theorised internal working model and gives evidence towards the IWM not being real (i dont really know tbh im making it up)

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There is evidence that opposes bowlby's theory of iWM. for example zimmerman assessed infant attachment types and adolescents attachment to parents. there was very little relationship between the quality of infant and adolescent attachment. therefore there is little evidence for the cause and effect.

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-KERNS found that securely attached infants tend to go on to form the best quality childhood friendships whereas insecurley attached infants tend to have friendship difficulties, this provides evidence of the IWM and HAZAN and shavers study into childhood relationships affecting future relationships.
-MYRON-WILSON and Smith found that attachment types can predict bullying behaviour. they assessed attachment type abd bullying behaviour using questionnaires. they found that secure children were very unlikely to be involved in bullying. insecure - Avoidant children were most likely to be victims but insecure-resistant were most likely to be bullies, showing that childhood attachment types impact future relationsips.

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Kerns founds that securely attached infants tend to form the best quality childhood friendships whereas insecure were likely to have difficulties in friendships. Myron-Wilson and smith found that secure children were very unlikely to be involved in bullying. Insecure-avoidant children were most likely to be victims and insecure-resistant children were most likely to be bullies.

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•Found that if you were securely attached you would form the best quality friendships whereas if you were insecurely attached you are more likely to have difficulties within their friendships.
•Myron-Wilson and smith found that you were less likely to be involved in bullying if you had secure attachments.

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-stated that securely attached infants form the best childhood friendships and that insecurely attached infants tend to have friendship difficulties
-Myron-Wilson and Smith found that secure children were likely to NOT be involved in bullying and insecure- avoidant children were most likely. They found this out using a questionaire on 196 children

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found that securely attached infants formed better friendships. secure children had a less likely chance to be bullied compared to insecure and avoidant children who were often the victim to bullying. whilst other insecure children were likely to be bullies.

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It was found that securely attached infants tend to form the best quality relationships. It was also found out by Myron Wilson and smith that if you had secure attachments it’s less likely to be involved in bullying later on in life

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cannot establish cause and effect - even though the research establishes an association/ link these two variables haven't been investigated in an experiment, so as there may be a correlation it may as be that there may be other extraneous variables playing a role in the relationships.

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One issue with the research into the influence of early attachment on later adult relationships is that we cannot establish a cause and effect between the internal working model and later relationships. This is because even though the research establishes an association or a link between these two variables it has not been investigated using an experiment and so there may be a third variable that is interacting with them. This evident as in the Myron-Wilson and Smith study, it is difficult to presume that bullying is only due to attachment types and not things such as a child’s temperament.

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•Unable to establish a cause and effect between the internal working model and future relationships.
•An experiment has not been used in research, which means there could be a possible third party interaction.

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-Cannot establish a cause and effect. This is because even though research establishes an asslciation between two variables, it has not been investigated using an experiment and so there may be a third variable affecting the varibles

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•99 teenage mothers who had one year old babies were questioned about their attachment with their own mothers.
•participants were also observed with their own children in the strange situation.
•it was found that mothers who reported insecure attachment to their own mothers also has children who were more likely to display the same behaviour.

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Questioned 99 teenage mothers with 1 year old babies about their ow attachment t their mothers using interviews . They observed their own children in the strange situation . They found the mothers that reported insecure attachments with their mother's had the same attachments with their own children.

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-questioned teen moms about their own attachemnts with their mothers and questioned them on what the attahcment is like between themselves and their baby is like
-found that teens with insecure attachment with their own parents were more likely to have a child that showed insecure attachemnt behaviour

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Questioned 99 teen moms with 1 year olds and asked about their attachment type with their own mothers. The also observed them with their children in the strange situation. This who reported an insecure attachment with Their parents were much more likely for it to be reflected by their own child’s behaviour.

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- questioned 99 mothers with 1 year old babies about their relationships with their parents and questioned about the attachments between the babies and themselves.
It showed that if the parent had insecure attachments with their parents, the babies would go through the same

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The fact they have to rely on the mothers recall introduced the lack of reliability. as the mother may not be able to recall everything or most of it being stuff she has been told she has done not her own memories.

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-Relies on retrospective data. The info that the teens are giving could be biased as they are talking about THEIR OWN experiences/ behaviour

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•Relies on retrospective data, this means that participants might not be able to recall memories of their own childhood accurately.
•lacks reliability.

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Relies on retrospective data. This is an issue as the moms can be reporting false information on their relationship with their parents.