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Chromatic aberration (also known as color fringing or dispersion) is a common problem in lenses which occurs when colors are incorrectly refracted (bent) by the lens, resulting in a mismatch at the focal point where the colors do not combine as they should.

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Posterization or posterisation of an image entails the conversion of a continuous gradation of tone to several regions of fewer tones, with abrupt changes from one tone to another. This was originally done with photographic processes to create posters.

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shows up in images in different ways. One common effect is a rainbow of colours across a fine repeating pattern, this is called moiré. Another artefact could be lines and edges that are just a little off horizontal or vertical appearing to have stepped or jagged edges, sometimes referred to as “jaggies”.

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sare caused by compression when an image is saved in the . jpg format. Each time an image is saved in this format it is compressed and “non-essential” data is discarded

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Barrel and pincushion distortions can be caused by a stop or aperture. ... Barrel distortion is caused when the stop appears before the lens. Pincushion is when the stop appears after the lens. A method used to fix distortion is using both the lenses which have pincushion and barrel distortion together.

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APS-C cameras use a smaller area to form the image than traditional 35 mm cameras, and so lenses used on APS-C format cameras have a correspondingly narrower field of view. For example, a 28 mm lens is a wide angle lens on a traditional 35 mm camera.

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A full-frame camera is a camera with a full-frame sensor. This is an image sensor that's the same size as the sensor of an analog camera. The biggest advantage of a full-frame camera is that it has no crop factor.

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An image sensor is a device that allows the camera to convert photons – that is, light – into electrical signals that can be interpreted by the device. The first digital cameras used charge-coupled devices, facilitating movement of the electrical charge through the device so it could be modulated

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8 Bits, eight 0s/1s. ... Generally speaking, B denotes Bytes and b represents bits. We use these fundamental values to represent digital photography. Photos are made of millions of tiny pixels that are represented as 0s and 1s.

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Crop factor” is the ratio of the sensor size to 35mm / full-frame (see below). You take the provided crop factor number, multiply it with the focal length of the lens and you get the equivalent focal length relative to 35mm film / full-frame.

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was a revolutionary new approach to representing reality invented in around 1907–08 by artists Pablo Picasso and Georges Braque. They brought different views of subjects (usually objects or figures) together in the same picture, resulting in paintings that appear fragmented and abstracted.

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In visual arts, music, and other media, minimalism is an art movement that began in post–World War II Western art, most strongly with American visual arts in the 1960s and early 1970s.

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Pop art is an art movement that emerged in the United Kingdom and the United States during the mid- to late-1950s. The movement presented a challenge to traditions of fine art by including imagery from popular and mass culture, such as advertising, comic books and mundane mass-produced objects.

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As applied to art, avant-garde means art that is innovatory, introducing or exploring new forms or subject matter.

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the principles, ideals, or practice of producing fantastic or incongruous imagery or effects in art, literature, film, or theater by means of unnatural or irrational juxtapositions and combinations. Other Words from surrealism Example Sentences Learn More about surrealism.

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Appropriation in art is the use of pre-existing objects or images with little or no transformation applied to them. The use of appropriation has played a significant role in the history of the arts

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is a combination of two images into one where one image is overlaid onto another at less than full opacity. This is done with artistic intent (unless you're shooting film and forgot to wind it between shots, but still you might get a serendipitously happy accident.)

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A still life is a work of art depicting mostly inanimate subject matter, typically commonplace objects which are either natural or man-mad

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is the creation of images to be used by businesses for selling or promoting their brand. This usually falls into the category of product or lifestyle imagery. ... Commercial photographers help people promote their business.

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Aerial photography (or airborne imagery) is the taking of photographs from an aircraft or other flying object. ... Mounted cameras may be triggered remotely or automatically; hand-held photographs may be taken by a photographer.

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is a graph showing the distribution of light in an image. Most cameras are capable of displaying a histogram for each image stored on the camera's memory card. Some cameras even allow you to see a live histogram before you take the shot.

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is a loosely used term applied to an array of concepts and attitudes that reject prior definitions of art and question art in general. Somewhat paradoxically, anti-art tends to conduct this questioning and rejection from the vantage point of art. ... It was used to describe revolutionary forms of art.

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is an artistic form or medium usually created on a defined substrate that consists of three-dimensional elements projecting out of or from the substrate. It is similar to collage, a two-dimensional medium.

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A neutral density (ND) filter is a type of grey filter that easily attaches to a camera lens, to control how much light enters the camera's sensor. ... By reducing or blocking out light to your camera lens, a neutral density filter lets you manipulate your photos to achieve really creative results.

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is a technique that was originally developed for processing film images. By processing the film in the wrong type of chemicals (e.g. processing film in slide chemicals), you could create a highly stylised image with drastically different colours and contrast.

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The trick is in using the honeycomb grids. Grids create a narrow beam of light that stops it from spilling everywhere. ... Rojas used Rogue 3-in-1 honeycomb grids to highlight the facial features of the model as well as create a slim background light for separating the model from the background.

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is a photographic lighting device that uses a parabolic reflector to distribute light towards a focal point. The light created is between that of a direct flash and a softbox, giving the image a wrapped, contrasted look, which adds a more dramatic effect.

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is a tube or similarly shaped object — available commercially or easily built with a few household items — that fits over a strobe, allowing the photographer to control the direction and shape of the light beam.

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is a type of photographic lighting device, one of a number of photographic soft light devices. All the various soft light types create even and diffused light by transmitting light through some scattering material, or by reflecting light off a second surface to diffuse the light.

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is a self-contained photographic flash lighting unit usually found in a studio. Each monolight has its own independent power source. It does not depend on a centralized power supply as a "pack and head" system does.

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is the light reflected in a subject's eye, the glimmer that comes from an external light source.

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make an image easy to look at by leading the viewer's eye through the frame. It is almost as if the photographer takes the viewer by the hand, draws them into the landscape, and points the way.

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is a tool in Photoshop and other image editing programs which can move and stretch the brightness levels of an image histogram.

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produces soft, direct light on a subject, minimizing shadows. When you take a photo using a ring light, place the camera lens in the center of the ring; this ensures that your subject is lit evenly from the direction of the camera.

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Tilt–shift photography is the use of camera movements that change the orientation or position of the lens with respect to the film or image sensor on cameras.

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“Straight Out Of Camera”, simply meaning that an image can be good enough to print straight from the camera without further processing.

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The ambrotype also known as a collodion positive in the UK, is a positive photograph on glass made by a variant of the wet plate collodion process. Like a print on paper, it is viewed by reflected light.

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A Polaroid transfer, sometimes known as an image transfer, is a technique used to develop a peel-apart film picture on to a different material, like drawing paper.

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Photogravure is an intaglio printmaking or photo-mechanical process whereby a copper plate is grained and then coated with a light-sensitive gelatin tissue which had been exposed to a film positive

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Cyanotype is a photographic printing process that produces a cyan-blue print. Engineers used the process well into the 20th century as a simple and low-cost process to produce copies of drawings, referred to as blueprints. The process uses two chemicals: ferric ammonium citrate and potassium ferricyanide

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The chlorophyll process is an organic alternative photography process akin to the anthotype process. However, instead of printing on the crushed extract of fruit or plant matter, the prints are bleached by sunlight directly onto the surface of leaves using a positive.

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Split lighting is a photography lighting technique. The light source that illuminates the subject is perpendicular to the model. This setup lights up half of the face while keeping the other half shadowed. You “split” the lighting on your subject's face.

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is a standard lighting technique that is used in studio portrait photography and cinematography.

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is an essential lighting technique for portrait photographers. ... This lighting pattern will create a shadow that loops down and around the side of the nose, and on the neck and under the chin. These shadows subtly help define the subject's bone structure.

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is a portrait lighting pattern where the key light is placed above and directly centered with a subject's face. This creates a shadow under the nose that resembles a butterfly. It's also known as 'Paramount lighting,' named for classic Hollywood glamour photography.

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is a portrait lighting pattern where the portion of the subject's face that is turned toward the camera is lit most brightly. This is the 'broad' side of the face - from camera position it is wider than the 'short' side of the face, the side that is turned away from the camera.

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is a classic portrait lighting pattern where the subject is lit from the side of their face that is farthest from the camera.

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also called ferrotype, positive photograph produced by applying a collodion-nitrocellulose solution to a thin, black-enameled metal plate immediately before exposure.

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is to persuade people to do something, entertain them or inform them about an event or issue. - A static image will always contain a dominant feature this feature is the shape/figure/object/words that stand out from the rest.

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is a compositional device used in photography to attract your eye to a focal point. Visual Weight in photographs is influenced by a number of factors, which you can use to strengthen the focal point and create balance in your image.

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the process of 'rendering' refers to the application of algorithms to a digital image file which convert the image information contained within the file into a viewable format on a viewing device.

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Design elements in creating space in two dimensions<br /> Overlapping- involves one shape obscuring another or shapes overlapping each other.<br />This is a more traditional form of overlapping. You can tell that the objects that you see completely, are closest to the viewer, in front.

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a picture made using a camera, in which an image is focused onto film or other light-sensitive material and then made visible and permanent by chemical treatment, or stored digitally.

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Scanography, more commonly referred to as scanner photography, is the process of capturing digitized images of objects for the purpose of creating printable art using a flatbed "photo" scanner with a CCD array capturing device.

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is a single photograph or more commonly a body of photographic work, that shares a high level of consistency.

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was a term coined by William Jenkins in 1975 to describe a group of American photographers (such as Robert Adams and Lewis Baltz) whose pictures had a similar banal aesthetic, in that they were formal, mostly black and white prints of the urban landscape.

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is the art of pinhole photography and a part of Space Art, too. Solarigraphics or solargraphs are pinhole photographs taken with a lensless pinhole camera with a long exposure

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refers to the unit of measurement of color temperature. ... Adjusting the white balance in a cameras settings changes the way the camera processes an image to compensate for the different color temperatures emitted by various light sources.

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profile is a set of data that characterizes a color input or output device (or a color space) according to standards promulgated by the International Color Consortium (ICC).

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simply involves the blocking of unwanted natural light to create a natural three-dimensional quality to the lighting of people outside.

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in photography refers to the comparison of key light (the main source of light from which shadows fall) to the fill light (the light that fills in the shadow areas). The higher the lighting ratio, the higher the contrast of the image; the lower the ratio, the lower the contrast.

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Flat light is defined as lighting that produces minimal contrast in the scene, which means there is no, or very little, contrast between the highlights and shadows. ... In fact, it's not the light that is flat at all but the resulting image captured when the light source is creating very little contrast in the photo.

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is a colloquial term used in digital photography to describe the habit of checking every photo on the camera display (LCD) immediately after capture.

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A nifty fifty lens is basically a fast 50mm lens. The nifty part comes from a lens having a very wide aperture, such as f/1.4 or f/1.8, and the fifty part refers to the focal length. A fast 50mm lens is the closest you can get to the human eye. This means low amounts of distortion and a similar field of view.

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Shortened terms for photographer. Glass: Lenses. As in “Ooh, that's some fancy new glass you got there!”, referring to a lens. ... The term comes from the suggestion that photographers make chimp-like noises (“Ooh ooh ooh!”) when admiring the great shot they just took.Mar 17, 2020

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Program code that is written in layers, each layer an independent module (subsystem) that interacts with the next layer (lasagna is made with layers of dough). The network protocol layers are an example of lasagna code (see OSI model). See spaghetti code and ravioli code.

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photograph without much contrast (either color, or luminance contrast). A lack of contrast could be caused by any number of factors. Poor exposure, poor. processing or poor printing being chief among them.

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They're those little balls of dust that gather on the floor after having not swept or dusted for a long time. But do you know dust bunnies are in photography? You have most likely seen them in your pictures before. They are those little round, dark spots that just seem to appear out of nowhere

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In digital photography and digital video, clipping is a result of capturing or processing an image where the intensity in a certain area falls outside the minimum and maximum intensity which can be represented. It is an instance of signal clipping in the image domain.

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Tethered shooting is a photography technique that has been practiced by many professional photographers for years. In short, tethering allows you to connect your camera to a computer or tablet and almost instantly view your digital images on the device within seconds after it is captured.

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A fill light is responsible for exposing the details of a subject that fall in the shadows of the key light. It is the secondary light in the traditional 3 point lighting setup. The fill light is typically positioned opposite of the key light to literally fill in the shadows that the key light creates.

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The key light is the first and usually most important light that a photographer, cinematographer, lighting cameraman, or other scene composer will use in a lighting setup. The purpose of the key light is to highlight the form and dimension of the subject.

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The purpose of filters in infrared photography is to block the visible light and isolate particular wave bands in the infrared spectrum. Whether using film or digital, the introduction of visible light will mask the effects of the infrared radiation.

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a photograph made by combining several distinct photographs either made one over another on the same plate or made on one print from a number of negatives.

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Lifestyle photography is a genre of photography that mainly aims to capture portraits of people in situations, real-life events or milestones in an artistic manner and the art of the everyday. The primary goal is to tell stories about people's lives or to inspire people in different times.

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Urbex is a subfield of architecture photography, which takes many different forms. Mostly, it is about exploring the urban habitat and the countless exciting places within it. This usually involves entering abandoned buildings such as old factories, derelict residences or other urban ruins.

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Astrophotography, also known as astronomical imaging, is photography of astronomical objects, celestial events, and areas of the night sky. The first photograph of an astronomical object was taken in 1840, but it was not until the late 19th century that advances in technology allowed for detailed stellar photography.

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is a type of grey filter that easily attaches to a camera lens, to control how much light enters the camera's sensor. Since a neutral density filter is neutral, it doesn't have any impact on image colour, contrast or sharpness.

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which stands for circular polarizer/linear – is a glass attachment that can reduce the glare from reflected surfaces. How does it help? Polarized light comes from light that has been reflected off of something.

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is a phenomenon in which light rays passing through a lens focus at different points, depending on their wavelength.

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s a type of camera that works without a reflex mirror. Light passes through the lens directly to the digital sensor, which then displays your image on the camera's LCD screen, allowing you to adjust settings and preview your image before its shot.

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Technically originating in the art of papermaking, in photography, the watermark is a superimposed image, logo, or text placed over a photograph—usually as a method of identifying the image's creator.