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Was initially researched by Fritz Haber around the year 1915 in Berlin, Germany, initially only a chlorine gas but a lethal gas none the less.

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The first instance of this new gas being used was in 1915 in the Battle of Ypres, where an estimated 1,100 men were killed in its first use.

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Due to the ease of spotting chlorine gas quickly and its water soluble formula, chlorine gas was short-lived. In turn a new gas was used, Phosgene. It was colorless and had a faint smell of hay. Its only major drawback was the time to take effect. It is assumed that it was first used in Ypres in December of 1915. It is estimated that around 85% of the 91,000 gas related deaths, were to Phosgene.

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Mustard Gas made its appearance in WWI, being the most commonly used gas at the time. It had a yellow-ish color and a horseradish/garlic smell. Though initially no symptoms occur, soon after the skin is burned by the chemical and later blisters form, oozing yellow fluid. It Though the mortality rate was 2-3% many men that were injured were thought to be at a higher risk of cancer after, and were left with mangled body parts.

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Chloropicrin, diphenylchlorarsine, American-developed Adamsite, to name a few, were irritants that could bypass gas masks. This at times could force the soldier to remove his mask to breathe, in turn exposing him to other deadly gasses such as Phosgene.

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These gasses when used in unison were a deadly combo. Most gas was deployed through artillery shells which carried a glass full of the chemical in liquid form. At impact the liquid would evaporate and spread. These shells were marked by color, yellow for mustard gas, white for tear gasses, green for pulmonary agents like Phosgene and Chlorine, and blue for 'gas breakers' like Chloropicrin.

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Haber was a great chemist and was the man to create the ‘Haber Process’ which allowed fixation of atmospheric nitrogen into ammonia-based fertilizer, which was crucial to feed and supply German soldiers, but his work also led to the creation of the deadliest gasses used in war. He was also one of the chemists who perfected the hydrocyanide-based insecticides Zyklon A and Zyklon B, the latter gas used to kill millions of Jews and others in later wars, including some of his relatives.

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https://www.sciencehistory.org/historical-profile/fritz-haber

http://www.kumc.edu/wwi/medicine/gas-in-the-great-war.html

All pictures used were found using Padlet, not sure where they came from if im honest.