# data[].attributes.body
The idea that homo sapiens first appeared in Africa 150k-200k years ago.

# data[].attributes.body
Adapting something for human usage.

# data[].attributes.body
Complex culture with a large quantity of human's that share common elements

# data[].attributes.body
The widespread transition of early civilizations from hunting and gathering to farming and settlement

# data[].attributes.body
The Mesopotamia would primarily be ruled by a family dynasty and would not have an elected ruler, although there were politicians. They made money by fishing, farming, and trade. They lived in a desert like area without the huge lack of water and were able to grow crops. They were able to make technological advances such as the wheel, the plow, and even the sail. Everyone in the sort of kingdom lived in the lower parts as they weren't viewed high enough. The top figures stay at the ziggurat however, as a sign of respect. Despite their economic differences, these people were polytheists believing in the same many gods.

# data[].attributes.body
Considered one of the greatest early civilizations, ancient Egypt lasted about 3000 years, building up along the large Nile river. They made many huge advancements such as metallurgy, math, the plow, paper, medicine, the ramp and many more future paving inventions. Egyptians were ruled by pharaohs, believed to have been given power by gods. Their social structure, again much like today's, upper-middle and lower class.

# data[].attributes.body
The Indus Valley civilization is another considered one of the most advanced of the time. Their large, “urban” cities contained sewer systems, irrigation systems, cooked brick homes and even clusters of nonresidential buildings for the community. The Indus government was combined with their religion meaning beliefs were laws. Their social structure was named much different but still the same idea as modern day. Brahmins (kings,priests) Kshatriyas (warriors, politicians) Vaishyas (merchants) Shudras (peasants)

# data[].attributes.body
One of the largest and longest lasting ancient empires, the Chinese were unrivaled. The Chinese invented gunpowder, papermaking, printing and the compass. Citizens were ruled by civil servants known as ministers who would report to the emperor. Their social classes were very modern and everyone contributed. Landowners- craftsmen- merchants- peasants.

# data[].attributes.body
The Ancient Greeks are known for paving the way for Democracy. They had one of the first forms of a self led government and aspects of it are still seen today. Their cities were all independent city-states however shared culture, religion and ceremony. The Greeks also had Civic spaces for people from different city-states. Their incredible inventions included gears, screws, Bronze casting, water clocks, new catapults and even experimentation with steam power.

# data[].attributes.body
The Roman Republic was once the greatest empire and today is still known by many. The Roman Republic was run by consuls(their leaders).  They were elected by a senate of patricians to rule. The social classes were a part of these elections as patricians are a social class. Above the patricians were only emperors and consuls. Under them however were the Plebeians(merchants, etc.). Finally the slaves were last. Romans created highly advanced inventions and architecture like roman numerals, building with arches, Aqueducts, plumbing and natural air conditioning.

# data[].attributes.body
The Islamic Empire was a big surprise when they rose through the power ranks. Their government and social class are both heavily based on religion along with most aspects of islamic life back then. Somehow this mix of religion and politics created an unbeatable moral for the islamic people. They quickly became a big military force and a large empire. They made huge contributions to navigation, medicine, math, literature, art and science.

# data[].attributes.body
The Japanese government was labeled as feudalism which is a weaker type of monarchy. There is an emperor who holds power, but is second to the shogun samurai. There have been many dynasties over many years each bringing their own unique ways. Samurai warriors followed the Code of Bushido to hold themselves to the highest standards, and when they broke the code, they paid the ultimate price in their own life.

# data[].attributes.body
After years of traditional ways, the churches of Europe started collecting money and power which Martin Luther did not like. He didn't like the idea of buying your way in to heaven when that was never an option before. Around this time the printing press came out. With this technology they could now mass produce bibles in languages for everyone to read so churches could no longer manipulate people.

# data[].attributes.body
The church was angry that people were standing up to them and attempted to repel the Protestants' and regain their Catholic prestige. Catholic nations then began attacking Protestant nations causing a religious war. Once the Council of Trent was formed, indulgences were halted and more unity came about, however it could never fully be restored.

# data[].attributes.body
John Locke: People are born into the world with natural rights and the government protects the natural rights

Life

Liberty/Freedom

Property

Charles Montesquieu: Believed in separation of power: think Executive, Judicial, Legislative

Jean-Jacques Rousseau: Conceptualized a social contract between the citizens and government. The citizens agree to not riot in return for fair and equal treatment from the government.

Thomas Hobbes: People are evil and selfish, people make bad decisions, they need absolute monarcas to tell them what to do.

Voltaire: Advocated freedom of religion, expression, and separation of church and state.

# data[].attributes.body
Nicholas Copernicus: Proposed the Heliocentric Theory

Heliocentric Theory: The planet orbits around the Sun

Johannes Kepler: Planetary Theory

Galileo: Telescope

Isaac Newton: Law of Gravity

William Havery: Circulation of Blood

# data[].attributes.body
The French Revolution was caused by a number of things such as wanting out of the monarchy government system, and what they found to be unfair taxes. In this time the Tennis Court Oath which was where their new constitution was made occurred, along with the Declaration of the Rights of Man and the Citizen, which was their new constitution's name containing their rights. The Reign of Terror also occurred which was a mass execution of people opposing the revolution.

# data[].attributes.body
Napoleon was a French military leader and later a political figure as their ruler. He conquered most of Europe, but while doing that he united the continent more than ever. He improved economic systems and spread a common language and nationalism to others. His Napoleonic Code gave men more power than women leaving women with little to no rights. This code made the power of men stronger and reduced rights of any illegal children. He was defeated in Russia due to strong nationalism that he spread in the first place.

# data[].attributes.body
The Industrial Revolution advanced our world into what people once believed was the future. Goods were being produced cheaper and faster, there were more jobs than ever, and the overall quality of life improved for the average person. However, those within the factories did not have that same quality. There were children who should not have been working, let alone in those harsh conditions, putting 15+ hours in a day. Pay became unequal and some men rose to power over the rest because of it. Cities and factories became over crowded causing pollution, slums, and even cholera in the water.

# data[].attributes.body
The invasion of African territories by European powers. They conquered the land and colonized it for their own, reaping any benefits of the land.

# data[].attributes.body
A combination of countries gearing up with militarism, alliances between countries, imperialism, and nationalism with an assassination cherry on top was the perfect fuel for the fire.

# data[].attributes.body
The Triple Alliance was a secret agreement between Germany, Austria-Hungary, and Italy formed in May of 1882. The Triple Entente was an alliance between Britain, France, and Russia in hopes to counter act the Triple Alliance. The Schlieffen Plan was a plan by Germany to hold off Russia while flanking France at the same time. The Treaty of Versailles was a treaty that ended the war between Germany and the allied powers. Germany faced reparations, reclamation of territory, and limitation of their military.

# data[].attributes.body
Proletariat, Bolsheviks, Lenin, Soviets, Rasputin, Joseph Stalin, Communist Party

# data[].attributes.body
Kuomintang, Sun Yixian, May Fourth Movement, Mao Zedong

# data[].attributes.body
Benito Mussolini, Adolf Hitler, Nazism, Mein Kampf, lebensraum

# data[].attributes.body
Axis Powers, Francisco Franco, isolationism, Third Reich, Munich Conference

# data[].attributes.body
the Great Purge, command economy, Five-Year Plans, collective farms

# data[].attributes.body
Western Front: Battle of the Bulge. The German’s used all of their resources as an offensive effort at the Western Front. In doing this, they were not able to support anything else and this ultimately led to Germany’s demise.

Eastern Front: Battle of Stalingrad. Germany invaded the Russian city of Stalingrad in Southern Russia. They held up their efforts for almost 4 months before finally being pushed out by the Soviets.

Pacific: Attack on Pearl Harbor. Japan’s launched a surprise attack on the U.S. Navy base Pearl Harbor. This event was ultimately what put the United States in the war and they were very unforgiving of this moment.

# data[].attributes.body
I think if people can find a smaller group such a sort of minority and can get a majority of people to view them as a common enemy then the people will unify together against them. I think German people already had some sort of racially discriminatory feelings towards Jewish people in a similar way to Mexicans or African Americans today. Hitler used this and then exaggerated the bad things about Jewish people and it made everyone come together and push them out.

# data[].attributes.body
Apartheid is a system of segregation or discrimination because of race. This happened from 1948 until the early 1990s in South Africa and South West Africa. A series of negotiations from 1990-1993 led to the end of apartheid and South Africa’s first non racial election.

# data[].attributes.body
The Palestinians lived in the land that is now Israel alone and in peace. After the Holocaust, the UN wanted to give Jewish people a safehaven and decided Jerusalem and the land that the Palestinians were living on was the perfect fit. You can’t just give away other people's land and the Palestinians were very upset. A one state solution would make Israelis and Palestinians live together in the same state with the same rules ultimately just making them come together even if they didn't want to. A two state solution would allow them to both have their own government and they could both live how they would like.

# data[].attributes.body
The Four Modernizations were the 4 things China aimed to modernize in order to make their country as strong and advanced as possible. These 4 things were infrastructure, agriculture, military, and technology. Tiananmen Square was a site in Beijing where workers and students gathered to protest for more political openness. The Chinese government did not like this at all and ended the protest in a brutal killing of civilians. Hong Kong is a city in China that is attempting to break off and have their own government and economy. The Chinese government doesn’t want to lose Hong Kong as it is very valuable and has done some bad things to keep it that way. The Cultural Revolution was a movement in China ordered by Mao Zedong to wipe out the Communist Party and instill revolutionary values to the younger generation.