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What? The Albany Plan of Union was a proposal to make the British-held American colonies have one centralized government. The flag that was used for this proposal was the drawing of a snake cut into eight pieces. Each piece stood for a different colony or region. New England (which included New Hampshire, Massachusetts, Connecticut, and Rhode Island) had one piece of the snake. Then New Jersey had its own piece. Along with New York, Pennsylvania, Maryland, Virginia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. Delaware was not included in the snake because Benjamin Franklin didn’t think that that colony could contribute a lot to colonial defense. Also the newer colony of Delaware shared its governor with Pennsylvania and Georgia.

Why significant? The Albany Plan of Union was significant for two reasons. One, it helped form a colonial alliance designed by Ben Franklin. Second, it helped secure the cooperation and support of the Iroquois, in the French and Indian war. Uniting the colonies were important during this war because it was the first look at the colonies united as one instead of a part of england. This will soon lead to the intolerable acts and with the colonies already being united, declaring independence was closer than anyone thought. The cooperation of the Iroquois was very important because the British needed them to win the war with the French and for a time the British and the Iroquois were on good terms.

Iroquois- a native American tribe.

Links/Pictures/Videos

https://www.history.com/news/ben-franklin-join-or-die-cartoon-french-indian-war

https://www.thoughtco.com/the-albany-plan-of-union-4128842

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=cWM6-QLEFEs

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What?
Pontiac’s Rebellion was a rebellious battle between the Ottawa Chief Pontiac and his tribe and the British force at Detroit. Pontiac asked for reinforcements from many native tribes from the great lakes area all the way to Mississippi to force out the British. Pontiac’s goal was to wipe out a ton of settlements in this area with each tribe taking down one. The British with Bradstreet, and Bouquet forced Pontiac to surrender and he signed a treaty in 1766.

Why Significant?
the French and Indian War the native Americans found that the British were encroaching on their territory. Pontiac found the British to be far more aggressive than the French and wanted them out. He planned to siege forts on almost all of the newfound forts the British had taken from the French in order to kick them out of North America.

Links?/Pictures?/Videos?
History.com Pontaic’s Rebellion

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What? The  proclamation of  1763 was an act passed by the English government limiting how far colonists could travel and settle to the west. This occurred after the French and Indian war which resulted in the English government obtaining a large portion of land. The English soon learned however that this land could be detrimental due to spreading the government's resources thin. In order to prevent this and keep control over the colonies the proclamation of 1763 was passed. This placed a line boarding the colonies preventing the colonists from expanding.

https://www.google.com/url?sa=i&url=https%3A%2F%2Fkeyeventsb5.weebly.com%2Fproclamation-of-1763.html&psig=AOvVaw3ZY4JLr9FYBEZYFUYEa0xu&ust=1601991770896000&source=images&cd=vfe&ved=0CAIQjRxqFwoTCJjrnsXKnewCFQAAAAAdAAAAABAI

Why Significant? The significance of the Proclamation of 1763 can be seen when understanding how it affected certain relationships. For example it had a very large affect on the relationship between the colonies and Britain. The proclamation made the colonists angry because they felt as if they had been betrayed. This feeling of betrayal came after they were helping Britain gain land during the French and Indian War. The colonists weren't allowed to settle on the land afterwards which lead to the aggression. Most of the colonists continually went and settled on these lands anyways. Britain also tried to maintain a good relationship with the Native Americans which failed. In the end it can be said that the Proclamation of 1763 lead to an increase of tension seen in the relationship of Britain and the colonies.
Links?/Pictures?/Videos?
https://www.google.com/url?sa=i&url=https%3A%2F%2Fstudy.com%2Facademy%2Flesson%2Fwhat-is-the-proclamation-of-1763-lesson-for-kids.html&psig=AOvVaw07ZGFlwXKSm3cuSW4vNUsY&ust=1602014015902000&source=images&cd=vfe&ved=0CAIQjRxqFwoTCLDVqbadnuwCFQAAAAAdAAAAABAK

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HKNTBHmWOyA

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What?
The Sugar Act, also known as the Plantation Act or Revenue act, was the first tax placed on the American colonies which was forced onto the colonies by the British Parlament. The act was passed on April 5th of 1764.

The Quartering Act defined the conditions and location in which the British soldier could find room and board in the American colonies. The Act required all colonists to provide housing for the British soldier in barracks. Colonial governments had to pay and provide the British shoulders with food and shelter. (Contrary to popular belief, the Quartering Act did not direct  British soldiers to ‘station’ in the private homes of the colonists)

Why Significant?
Sugar Act: The Sugar Act was significant because it raised revenue in the colonial customs service and allowed customs agents to have additional latitude and power with admiration for enforcing customs law and executing seizures; while also sought to stop the smuggling of goods into and out of the colonies. The act also issued “strong customs enforcements of duties on refined sugar and molasses imported into the colonies from non-British Caribbean sources” (Britannica). Also, the Sugar Act reduced the tax rates on molasses from six pence to three pence per gallon of molasses and registered for more foreign goods to be taxed including, coffee, certain wines, sugar and more.

Quartering Act: The Quartering Act was significant because it immensely increased the empire defense costs in America after the French and Indian War and the Pontiac’s War. Similar to the Stamp Act, it raised revenue in the colonies while also asserting the British authority of the colonies. However, unlike the Stamp Act, the Quartering act provided a source of connection between Great Britain and a few other colonies in the years that lead up to the Revolution.

Links?/Pictures?/Videos?
Sugar Act:

https://www.ushistory.org/declaration/related/sugaract.html

https://www.britannica.com/event/Sugar-Act

http://theamericanrevolution.org/eventdetail.aspx?event=47#:~:text=The%20Revenue%20Act%20of%201764,seizures%20and%20enforcing%20customs%20law.

Video:https://youtu.be/tYFLEZ3SkFE

Quartering Act:

https://www.historyisfun.org/blog/quartering-act-of-1765/#:~:text=On%20March%2024%2C%201765%2C%20the,the%20British%20colonies%20in%20America.&text=The%20act%20did%20require%20colonial,troops%20stationed%20in%20their%20colony.

https://www.history.com/this-day-in-history/parliament-passes-the-quartering-act

https://www.britannica.com/event/Quartering-Act

https://www.battlefields.org/learn/articles/quartering-act

Video:https://youtu.be/kykipTpk1YE

Emily Ademaj ans Kaya Kaplan

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What?
The Stamp act of 1765 was the Act of theParliament of Great Britain which imposed a direct tax on the British Colonies in American and required that many printed materials in the colonies be produced on stamped paper produced in London carrying embossed revenue stamp. The declaratory act states that the parliament has total control of the colonies government.

Why Significant?
The stamp act was significant because it was another example of taxation without representation. This made the colonists even more angry with the British considering there were two other taxes placed with the stamp act. The stamp act made colonists resent the British even more than they did already. The declaratory stated the repeal of the stamp act but also stated that the same taxes in Britain would be applied to the colonists. This was another example of Britain trying to gain control over the colonies even more than before.

Links?/Pictures?/Videos?

https://www.britannica.com/event/Declaratory-Act-Great-Britain-1766

https://www.britannica.com/event/Stamp-Act-Great-Britain-1765

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What?
Due to colonial protests the british repealed the Stamp Acts. They then passed the Townshend Acts which were taxes on imports to pay for the salaries of officials such as governors and judges. They thought that taxes on importance would be okay but the colonists still protested.

Why Significant?

The colonists boycotted british goods and imports until the british decided to repeal the act

Links?/Pictures?/Videos?

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What?

The Boston Massacre occurred on March 5, 1770, on King Street in Boston. It was a snowy cold day. The only soldier guarding the King’s money was Private Hugh White. Angry colonists joined him and insulted him. White fought back and struck a colonist with a bayonet. The colonists threw snowballs, ice and stones. White eventually fell and called for reinforcements. Reports differ on exactly what happened next, but after someone supposedly said the word “fire,” a soldier fired his gun, although it’s unclear. Once the first shot occurred, other soldiers opened fire, killing five colonists-- and wounding six.

Why Significant?

It furthered colonists who were already weary of British rule. Unfair taxation roused them to fight for independence.

Link
https://www.history.com/topics/american-revolution/boston-massacre

Picture
https://thumbs-prod.si-cdn.com/ZQU6aeVlggKyWB5eeALRppuny4A=/800x600/filters:no_upscale()/https://public-media.si-cdn.com/filer/93/a9/93a97057-f628-4de7-adc7-c2ca0f68c4ac/boston_massacre_high-res.jpg

Video
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=R6WHCeIiJv4&ab_channel=RyanPalmer

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What? The Gaspee Affair was a significant event in the lead up to the American Revolution. It involved a British customs schooner that had been enforcing the Navigation Acts in and around Newport, Rhode Island in 1772. It ran around in shallow water while chasing the packet ship Hannah on June 9th near Gaspee Point in Warwick, Rhode Island. A group of men led by Abraham Whipple and John Brown attacked and torched the ship.The Boston Tea Party was a political protest that occurred on December 16th, 1773. At Griffin’s Wharf in Boston, American colonists dumped 342 chests of tea that were imported by the British East India Company into the Boston harbor.
Why Significant? These events were significant because they increased tensions between American colonists and British officials and were meant to protest the British for imposing taxation without representation and other problematic impositions. They also moved the Thirteen Colonies as a whole toward the war for independence.
Links?/Pictures?/Videos?

Link:
https://thehistoryguy.net/2020/08/24/the-gaspee-affair-of-1772/

Image: http://sharinghorizons.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/01/no-taxation-without-representation-5.png

Video:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qgThE0Qq_sM

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What? – After the events of the Boston Tea Party, the British were bewildered by the colonists’ behavior. King George III took control of deciding punishment for the colonists. King George decided on four different acts that would force the colonists into submission. These were known as the Coercive Acts. However, due to the unfairness of the acts, it only brought the colonists together in the hatred for the British. The Quebec Act was the final act, and it increased the province of Quebec’s land, and because they were unrepresented, the colonists saw it as another attack on them and their representative assemblies.

Why Significant? – Instead of punishing and isolating Massachusetts from the rest of the colonies, these unfair Intolerable Acts only brought them together, and later acted as justification for the First Centennial Congress in 1774.

Links?/Pictures?/Videos? –

A Basic Summary

And Another Basic Summary

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