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An American politician and educational reformer. A Whig devoted to promoting speedy modernization, he served in the Massachusetts State legislature.

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an American activist on behalf of the indigent insane who, through a vigorous program of lobbying state legislatures and the United States Congress, created the first generation of American mental asylums.

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A member of an American religious sect, the United Society of Believers in Christ's Second Coming, established in England circa 1750 and living simply in celibate mixed communities.

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Charles G. Finney and the "burned over district"

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Charles G. Finney and the "burned over district"

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An American Presbyterian minister and leader in the Second Great Awakening in the United States. He has been called The Father of Modern Revivalism.

The burned-over district refers to the western and central regions of New York in the early 19th century, where religious revivals and the formation of new religious movements of the Second Great Awakening took place.

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A nineteenth-century American author and proponent of transcendentalism. Thoreau was a strong advocate of individual rights and an opponent of social conformity.

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A Shawnee chief who, along with his brother, Tenskwatawa, a religious leader known as The Prophet, worked to unite the Northwestern Indian tribes. The league of tribes was defeated by an American army led by William Henry Harrison at the Battle of Tippecanoe in 1811.