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Rayaaa has been disconnected from the server. Game now is safe to leave

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Rayaaa has been disconnected from the server. Game now is safe to leave

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9 What is product lifecycle management (PLM)

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9 What is product lifecycle management (PLM)

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Product lifecycle management (PLM) is a systematic approach to managing the series of changes a product goes through, from its design and development to its ultimate retirement or disposal.

PLM is associated with manufacturing, but the management structure can also be used for software development and service provision. PLM is typically broken into the following stages:

·         Beginning of life (BOL) - includes new product development and design processes.

·         Middle of life (MOL) - includes collaboration with suppliers, product information management (PIM) and warranty management.

·         End of life (EOL) - includes strategies for how the products will be disposed of, discontinued or recycled.

A PLM software application can help an organization manage their product's lifecyles by providing a data warehouse for all the information that affects the product. PLM software can be used to automate the management of product-related data and integrate the data with other business processes such as enterprise resource planning (ERP) and manufacturing execution systems (MES). The goal of PLM is to eliminate waste and improve efficiency. PLM is considered to be an integral part of the lean production model.

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Product lifecycle management (PLM) is a systematic approach to managing the series of changes a product goes through, from its design and development to its ultimate retirement or disposal.

PLM is associated with manufacturing, but the management structure can also be used for software development and service provision. PLM is typically broken into the following stages:

Beginning of life (BOL) - includes new product development and design processes.

Middle of life (MOL) - includes collaboration with suppliers, product information management (PIM) and warranty management.

End of life (EOL) - includes strategies for how the products will be disposed of, discontinued or recycled.

A PLM software application can help an organization manage their product's lifecyles by providing a data warehouse for all the information that affects the product. PLM software can be used to automate the management of product-related data and integrate the data with other business processes such as enterprise resource planning (ERP) and manufacturing execution systems (MES). The goal of PLM is to eliminate waste and improve efficiency. PLM is considered to be an integral part of the lean production model.

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"PLM is a strategic business approach that applies a consistent set of business solutions in support of the collaborative creation, management, dissemination, and use of product definition information across the extended enterprise, and spanning from product concept to end of life-integrating people, processes, business systems, and information. PLM forms the product information backbone for a company and its extended enterprise." Source:  CIMdata

"Product life cycle management or PLM is an all-encompassing approach for innovation, new product development and introduction (NPDI) and product information management from ideation to end of life. PLM Systems as an enabling technology for PLM integrate people, data, processes, and business systems and provide a product information backbone for companies and their extended enterprise." Source:  PLM Technology Guide

"The core of PLM (product life cycle management) is in the creations and central management of all product data and the technology used to access this information and knowledge. PLM as a discipline emerged from tools such as CAD, CAM and PDM, but can be viewed as the integration of these tools with methods, people and the processes through all stages of a product's life." Source:  Wikipedia article on Product Lifecycle Management

"Product life cycle management is the process of managing product-related design, production and maintenance information. PLM may also serve as the central repository for secondary information, such as vendor application notes, catalogs, customer feedback, marketing plans, archived project schedules, and other information acquired over the product's life." Source:  Product Lifecycle Management

"It is important to note that PLM is not a definition of a piece, or pieces, of technology. It is a definition of a business approach to solving the problem of managing the complete set of product definition information-creating that information, managing it through its life, and disseminating and using it throughout the lifecycle of the product. PLM is not just a technology, but is an approach in which processes are as important, or more important than data." Source:  CIMdata

"PLM or Product Life cycle Management is a process or system used to manage the data and design process associated with the life of a product from its conception and envisioning through its manufacture, to its retirement and disposal. PLM manages data, people, business processes, manufacturing processes, and anything else pertaining to a product. A PLM system acts as a central information hub for everyone associated with a given product, so a well-managed PLM system can streamline product development and facilitate easier communication among those working on/with a product. Source:  Aras

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the process of managing the entire lifecycle of aproduct from inception, through engineering design and manufacture, to service and disposal of manufactured products.

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In industry, product lifecycle management (PLM) is the process of managing the entire lifecycle of aproduct from inception, through engineering design and manufacture, to service and disposal of manufactured products. ty :D

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Product lifecycle management (PLM) is a systematic approach to managing the series of changes a product goes through, from its design and development to its ultimate retirement or disposal.

# data[].attributes.subject
Product lifecycle management (PLM) is a systematic approach to managing the series of changes a product goes through, from its design and development to its ultimate retirement or disposal.

# data[].attributes.body
PLM is a strategic business approach that applies a consistent set of business solutions in support of the collaborative creation, management, dissemination, and use of product definition information across the extended enterprise, and spanning from product concept to end of life-integrating people, processes, business systems, and information. PLM forms the product information backbone for a company and its extended enterprise

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In industry, product lifecycle management (PLM) is the process of managing the entire lifecycle of aproduct from inception, through engineering design and manufacture, to service and disposal of manufactured products.

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Product lifecycle management (PLM) is a systematic approach to manage the changes a product goes through, from its design and development to its ultimate retirement or disposal.

Product life cycle management is the process of managing product-related design, production and maintenance information. Product Lifecycle Management may also serve as the central repository for secondary information, such as catalog, customer feedback, marketing plans, archived project schedules, and other information acquired over the product's life.

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Collaborative Planning, Forecasting and Replenishment (CPFR, a trademark of the Voluntary Interindustry Commerce Standards (VICS) Association), is a concept that aims to enhance supply chain integration by supporting and assisting joint practices. CPFR seeks cooperative management of inventory through joint visibility and replenishment of products throughout the supply chain. Information shared between suppliers and retailers aids in planning and satisfying customer demands through a supportive system of shared information. This allows for continuous updating of inventory and upcoming requirements, making the end-to-end supply chain process more efficient. Efficiency is created through the decrease expenditures for merchandising, inventory, logistics, and transportation across all trading partners.

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Collaborative Planning, Forecasting and Replenishment (CPFR, a trademark of the Voluntary Interindustry Commerce Standards (VICS) Association), is a concept that aims to enhance supply chain integration by supporting and assisting joint practices. CPFR seeks cooperative management of inventory through joint visibility and replenishment of products throughout the supply chain. Information shared between suppliers and retailers aids in planning and satisfying customer demands through a supportive system of shared information. This allows for continuous updating of inventory and upcoming requirements, making the end-to-end supply chain process more efficient. Efficiency is created through the decrease expenditures for merchandising, inventory, logistics, and transportation across all trading partners.

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CPFR is a business practice that combines the intelligence of multiple trading partners in the planning and fulfillment of customer demand.

Links sales and marketing best practices to supply chain planning and execution processes

Objective is to increase availability to the customer while reducing inventory, transportation and logistics costs

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Collaborative planning, forecasting and replenishment (CPFR)

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Collaborative planning, forecasting and replenishment (CPFR)

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Collaborative Planning, Forecasting and Replenishment (CPFR, a trademark of the Voluntary Interindustry Commerce Standards (VICS) Association), is a concept that aims to enhance supply chain integration by supporting and assisting joint practices.

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Collaborative planning , forecasting and replenishment (CPFR)

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Collaborative planning , forecasting and replenishment (CPFR)

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A concept that aims to enhance supply chain integration by supporting and assisting joint practices.

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Collaboration 2.0 includes all of the outcomes, benefits, and values of Collaboration 1.0 but can take place in a virtual world, or in cyberspace via the computer. It requires an evolutionary leap in relationship building with others in a global, networked, cross border, cross industry, cross department, cross-functional environment. Necessity is the mother of invention. As we moved to a knowledge-based economy with multi-national organizations, it became an imperative to work closely with others we may never meet face to face. That fact of organizational life has driven us to the new frontiers of Collaboration 2.0. The challenge many have taken up is that of: developing the same capacity, creativity, and competence to work efficiently and effectively with our virtual colleagues across the boundaries of time, space, culture and the same complex challenges inherent in working with other hu

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Web 2.0 is the current state of online technology as it compares to the early days of the Web, characterized by greater user interactivity and collaboration, more pervasive network connectivity and enhanced communication channels.

One of the most significant differences between Web 2.0 and the traditional World Wide Web (WWW, retroactively referred to as Web 1.0) is greater collaboration among Internet users, content providers and enterprises. Originally, data was posted on Web sites, and users simply viewed or downloaded the content. Increasingly, users have more input into the nature and scope of Web content and in some cases exert real-time control over it.

The social nature of Web 2.0 is another major difference between it and the original, static Web. Increasingly, websites enable community-based input, interaction, content-sharing and collaboration. Types of social media sites and applications include forums, microblogging, social networking, social bookmarking, social curation, and wikis.

Elements of Web 2.0

Wikis: Websites that enable users to contribute, collaborate and edit site content.Wikipedia is one of the oldest and best-known wiki-based sites.

The increasing prevalence of Software as a Service (SaaS), web apps and cloud computing rather than locally-installed programs and services.

Mobile computing, also known as nomadicity, the trend toward users connecting from wherever they may be. That trend is enabled by the proliferation of smartphones, tablets and other mobile devices in conjunction with readily accessible Wi-Fi networks.

Mash-ups: Web pages or applications that integrate complementary elements from two or more sources.

Social networking: The practice of expanding the number of one's business and/or social contacts by making connections through individuals. Social networking sites includeFacebook, Twitter, LinkedIn and Google+.

Collaborative efforts based on the ability to reach large numbers of participants and their collective resources, such as crowdsourcing, crowdfunding and crowdsource testing.

User-generated content (UGC): Writing, images, audio and video content -- among other possibilities -- made freely available online by the individuals who create it.

Unified communications (UC): The integration of multiple forms of call and multimedia/cross-media message-management functions controlled by an individual user for both business and social purposes.

Social curation: The collaborative sharing of content organized around one or more particular themes or topics. Social content curation sites include Reddit, Digg, Pinterestand Instagram.

The History of Web 2.0
The foundational components of Web 2.0 are the advances enabled by Ajax and other applications such as RSS and Eclipse and the user empowerment that they support.

Darcy DiNucci, an information architecture consultant, coined the term “Web 2.0 In her 1999 article, "Fragmented Future”:

“The Web we know now, which loads into a browser window in essentially static screenfuls, is only an embryo of the Web to come. The first glimmerings of Web 2.0 are beginning to appear, and we are just starting to see how that embryo might develop. The Web will be understood not as screenfuls of text and graphics but as a transport mechanism, the ether through which interactivity happens.”

Tim O'Reilly is generally credited with popularizing the term, following a conference dealing with next-generation Web concepts and issues held by O'Reilly Media and MediaLive International in 2004. O'Reilly Media has subsequently been energetic about trying to copyright "Web 2.0" and holds an annual conference of the same name.

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Collaborative Planning, Forecasting and Replenishment (CPFR, a trademark of the Voluntary Interindustry Commerce Standards (VICS) Association), is a concept that aims to enhance supply chain integration by supporting and assisting joint practices. CPFR seeks cooperative management of inventory through joint visibility and replenishment of products throughout the supply chain. Information shared between suppliers and retailers aids in planning and satisfying customer demands through a supportive system of shared information. This allows for continuous updating of inventory and upcoming requirements, making the end-to-end supply chain process more efficient. Efficiency is created through the decrease expenditures for merchandising, inventory, logistics, and transportation across all trading partners

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A trademark of the Voluntary Interindustry Commerce Standards (VICS) Association), is a concept that aims to enhance supply chain integration by supporting and assisting joint practices. CPFR seeks cooperative management of inventory through joint visibility and replenishment of products throughout the supply chain. Information shared between suppliers and retailers aids in planning and satisfying customer demands through a supportive system of shared information. This allows for continuous updating of inventory and upcoming requirements, making the end-to-end supply chain process more efficient. Efficiency is created through the decrease expenditures for merchandising, inventory, logistics, and transportation across all trading partners

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Collaborative Planning, Forecasting and Replenishment (CPFR) is a tool used to enhance the supply chain. that should optimally yield in lower inventories, logistic costs and create efficiency in the whole supply. chain to all participants.

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What is collaboration? It is a term that has found its way into the press, and, which has been spoken about at conferences on almost a weekly basis. However, what does collaboration really mean? As part of our research and as industry analysts at Collaborative Strategies (CS), we track 1,000 tools and services that claim to have some flavor of collaborative functionality. However, it has become increasingly obvious, based on the degree of variation in these products and services, that “collaboration” does not mean the same thing to everyone.
There are a variety of definitions for collaboration:
• The art of discovering what neither of us could produce or invent on our own
• The source of all productivity
• The dance of working with others

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The technology and tools used for collaboration in the Web 2.0 world and in Enterprise 2.0 that are in sync with social networking and user-generated content   -TT.JOHN-

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Web 2.0 is the current state of online technology as it compares to the early days of the Web, characterized by greater user interactivity and collaboration, more pervasive network connectivity and enhanced communication channels. 

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Web 2.0 is the current state of online technology as it compares to the early days of the Web, characterized by greater user interactivity and collaboration, more pervasive network connectivity and enhanced communication channels. 

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Web 2.0 is the term given to describe a second generation of the World Wide Web that is focused on the ability for people to collaborate and share information online. Web 2.0 basically refers to the transition from static HTML Web pages to a more dynamic Web that is more organized and is based on serving Web applications to users.

Other improved functionality of Web 2.0 includes open communication with an emphasis on Web-based communities of users, and more open sharing of information. Over time Web 2.0 has been used more as a marketing term than a computer-science-based term. Blogs, wikis, and Web services are all seen as components of Web 2.0.

Web 2.0 was previously used as a synonym for Semantic Web, but while the two are similar, they do not share precisely the same meaning.

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The technology and tools used for collaboration in the Web 2.0 world and in Enterprise 2.0 that are in sync with social networking and user-generated content..ty xD

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a second generation in the development of the World Wide Web,conceived as a combination of concepts, trends, and technologies that focus on user collaboration, sharing of user-generated content, and social networking. GG

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The technology and tools used for collaboration in the Web 2.0 world and in Enterprise 2.0 that are in sync with social networking and user-generated content

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The technology and tools used for collaboration in the Web 2.0 world and in Enterprise 2.0 that are in sync with social networking and user-generated content

i- collaborative workspace

An interconnected environment in which all the participants in dispersed locations can access and interact with each other just as inside a single entity

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Web 2.0 is the current state of online technology as it compares to the early days of the Web, characterized by greater user interactivity and collaboration, more pervasive network connectivity and enhanced communication channels.

One of the most significant differences between Web 2.0 and the traditional World Wide Web (WWW, retroactively referred to as Web 1.0) is greater collaboration among Internet users, content providers and enterprises. Originally, data was posted on Web sites, and users simply viewed or downloaded the content. Increasingly, users have more input into the nature and scope of Web content and in some cases exert real-time control over it.

The social nature of Web 2.0 is another major difference between it and the original, static Web. Increasingly, websites enable community-based input, interaction, content-sharing and collaboration. Types of social media sites and applications include forums, microblogging, social networking, social bookmarking, social curation, and wikis.

Elements of Web 2.0

Wikis: Websites that enable users to contribute, collaborate and edit site content.Wikipedia is one of the oldest and best-known wiki-based sites.

The increasing prevalence of Software as a Service (SaaS), web apps and cloud computing rather than locally-installed programs and services.

Mobile computing, also known as nomadicity, the trend toward users connecting from wherever they may be. That trend is enabled by the proliferation of smartphones, tablets and other mobile devices in conjunction with readily accessible Wi-Fi networks.

Mash-ups: Web pages or applications that integrate complementary elements from two or more sources.

Social networking: The practice of expanding the number of one's business and/or social contacts by making connections through individuals. Social networking sites includeFacebook, Twitter, LinkedIn and Google+

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Web 2.0 describes World Wide Web sites that emphasize user-generated content, usability, and interoperability. The term was popularized by Tim O'Reilly and Dale Dougherty at the O'Reilly Media Web 2.0 Conference in late 2004, though it was coined by Darcy DiNucci in 1999.Web 2.0 does not refer to an update to any technical specification, but to changes in the way Web pages are made and used.

A Web 2.0 site may allow users to interact and collaborate with each other in a social media dialogue as creators of user-generated content in a virtual community, in contrast to Web sites where people are limited to the passive viewing of content. Examples of Web 2.0 include social networking sites, blogs, wikis, folksonomies, video sharing sites, hosted services, Web applications, collaborative consumption platforms, and mashups.

Whether Web 2.0 is substantively different from prior Web technologies has been challenged by World Wide Web inventor Tim Berners-Lee, who describes the term as jargon. His original vision of the Web was "a collaborative medium, a place where we [could] all meet and read and write".On the other hand, the term Semantic Web (sometimes referred to as Web 3.0)[citation needed] was coined by Tim Berners-Lee for a web of data that can be processed by machines.

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VoIP (voice over IP) is an IP telephony term for a set of facilities used to manage the delivery of voice information over the Internet.VoIP involves sending voice information in digital form in discrete packets rather than by using the traditional circuit-committed protocols of the public switched telephone network (PSTN)

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VoIP (voice over IP) is an IP telephony term for a set of facilities used to manage the delivery of voice information over the Internet.VoIP involves sending voice information in digital form in discrete packets rather than by using the traditional circuit-committed protocols of the public switched telephone network (PSTN)

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Web 2.0 is the current state of online technology as it compares to the early days of the Web, characterized by greater user interactivity and collaboration, more pervasive network connectivity and enhanced communication channels.

One of the most significant differences between Web 2.0 and the traditional World Wide Web (WWW, retroactively referred to as Web 1.0) is greater collaboration among Internet users, content providers and enterprises. Originally, data was posted on Web sites, and users simply viewed or downloaded the content. Increasingly, users have more input into the nature and scope of Web content and in some cases exert real-time control over it.

The social nature of Web 2.0 is another major difference between it and the original, static Web. Increasingly, websites enable community-based input, interaction, content-sharing and collaboration. Types of social media sites and applications include forums, social networking and social bookmarking

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What is Voice over IP?

Voice over Internet Protocol (VoIP) technology lets you use the Internet to make and receive telephone calls.

What is Voice over IP?: The Range of Services

VoIP is available in a wide range of services. Some basic, free VoIP services require all parties to be at their computers to make or receive calls. Others let you call from a traditional telephone handset or even a cell phone to any other phone.

What is Voice over IP?: Equipment

For VoIP, you need a broadband Internet connection, plus a traditional phone and an adapter; a VoIP-enabled phone; or VoIP software on your computer.

What is Voice over IP?: Security and Service Quality

Most consumer VoIP services use the Internet for phone calls. But many small businesses are using VoIP and unified communications on their private networks. That's because private networks provide stronger security and service quality than the public Internet.

What is Voice over IP?: Versus Unified Communications

Unified communications systems offer more features and benefits than VoIP, yet many are still priced for small businesses. Unified communications brings together all forms of communication regardless of location, time or device. Faxes, e-mail, and voicemail are all delivered to a single inbox. You can integrate your phone and customer relationship management (CRM) systems to improve your customer service, and much more.

What is Voice over IP?: The Benefits

VoIP and unified communications enable you to:

Reduce travel and training costs, thanks to web and video conferencing

Easily grow your phone system as needed

Have one phone number ring simultaneously on multiple devices, helping employees stay connected to each other and to customers

Reduce your phone charges

Have a single network for voice and data, simplifying management and reducing costs

Access your phone system's features at home or at client offices, in airports and hotels—anywhere you've got a broadband connection

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Web 2.0 describes World Wide Web sites that emphasize user-generated content, usability, and interoperability. The term was popularized by Tim O'Reilly and Dale Dougherty at the O'Reilly Media Web 2.0 Conference in late 2004, though it was coined by Darcy DiNucci in 1999.

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Web 2.0 describes World Wide Web sites that emphasize user-generated content, usability, and interoperability.

# data[].attributes.body
Web 2.0 describes World Wide Web sites that emphasize user-generated content, usability, and interoperability. The term was popularized by Tim O'Reilly and Dale Dougherty at the O'Reilly Media Web 2.0 Conference in late 2004, though it was coined by Darcy DiNucci in 1999

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Web 2.0 is the current state of online technology as it compares to the early days of the Web, characterized by greater user interactivity and collaboration, more pervasive network connectivity and enhanced communication channels.

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Voice over Internet Protocol (Voice over IP, VoIP) is a methodology and group of technologies for the delivery of voice communication and multimedia sessions over Internet Protocol (IP) networks, such as the Internet.

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VOIP is an acronym for Voice Over Internet Protocol, or in more common terms phone service over the Internet.
If you have a reasonable quality Internet connection you can get phone service delivered through your Internet connection instead of from your local phone company.

Some people use VOIP in addition to their traditional phone service, since VOIP service providers usually offer lower rates than traditional phone companies, but sometimes doesn't offer 911 service, phone directory listings, 411 service, or other common phone services. While many VoIP providers offer these services, consistent industry-wide means of offering these are still developing.

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VoIP (voice over IP) is an IP telephony term for a set of facilities used to manage the delivery of voice information over the Internet.VoIP involves sending voice information in digital form in discrete packets rather than by using the traditional circuit-committed protocols of the public switched telephone network . A major advantage of VoIP and Internet telephony is that it avoids the tolls charged by ordinary telephone service.

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The arrival of business-to-business exchanges on the Web has created new ways for business partners to work together. By using Web servers as hubs for collaborative commerce efforts, companies are seeking to exchange proprietary data, jointly manage projects and cooperate on the design of new products.

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VoIP is short for Voice over Internet Protocol. Voice over Internet Protocol is a category of hardware and software that enables people to use the Internet as the transmission medium for telephone calls by sending voice data in packets using IPrather than by traditional circuit transmissions of the PSTN.

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VoIP is short for Voice over Internet Protocol. Voice over Internet Protocol is a category of hardware and software that enables people to use the Internet as the transmission medium for telephone calls by sending voice data in packets using IPrather than by traditional circuit transmissions of the PSTN.

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VoIP (voice over IP) is an IP telephony term for a set of facilities used to manage the delivery of voice information over the Internet.VoIP involves sending voice information in digital form in discrete packets rather than by using the traditional circuit-committed protocols of the public switched telephone network (PSTN). A major advantage of VoIP and Internet telephony is that it avoids the tolls charged by ordinary telephone service.

VoIP derives from the VoIP Forum, an effort by major equipment providers, including Cisco, VocalTec, 3Com, and Netspeak to promote the use of ITU-T H.323, the standard for sending voice (audio) and video using IP on the public Internet and within an intranet. The Forum also promotes the user of directory service standards so that users can locate other users and the use of touch-tone signals for automatic call distribution and voice mail.

In addition to IP, VoIP uses the real-time protocol (RTP) to help ensure that packets get delivered in a timely way. Using public networks, it is currently difficult to guarantee Quality of Service (QoS). Better service is possible with private networks managed by an enterprise or by an Internet telephony service provider (ITSP).

A technique used by at least one equipment manufacturer, Adir Technologies (formerly Netspeak), to help ensure faster packet delivery is to use PING to contact all possible network gateway computers that have access to the public network and choose the fastest path before establishing a Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) socket connection with the other end.

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1.  The technology learning curve.
"Running a distributed design process among business partners using a Web site as a hub is tough," says Lepeak. "Most large companies are just figuring out how to do that inside the walls of their own corporations. When you go outside the firm, there are lots of issues about technology, security and authorization."

2.  The idea is new to businesspeople.
"Executives are starting to buy into the idea, but it will be years before it's commonplace," Lepeak says.Some experts say collaborative commerce will make it easier for smaller companies to partner with larger ones, since using a Web server as the data-transmission intermediary may eliminate the need for expensive private networks or electronic data interchange.Collaborative commerce has "changed who can play," says Anthony Abbattista, a managing director at Chicago consulting firm Diamond Technology Partners Inc. "You don't need huge IT departments writing interfaces in order to get this information in and out of your computer system."

3.  Speed up business cycle times. A big automobile company that can automate the flow of paperwork among its suppliers might increase its efficiency by dealing with all of them in a uniform way. But it's unclear how well this would work in practice because not all paper-based business processes can be automated.

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VoIP (voice over IP) is an IP telephony term for a set of facilities used to manage the delivery of voice information over the Internet.VoIP involves sending voice information in digital form in discrete packets rather than by using the traditional circuit-committed protocols of the public switched telephone network (PSTN).

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Many companies do a poor job of sharing information internally, much less externally

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•Barriers to C-Commerce

–Technical reasons involving integration, standards, and networks

–Security and privacy concerns

–Internal resistance to information sharing and to new approaches

–Lack of internal skills to conduct collaborative commerce

–Lack of defined and universally agreed-upon standards

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So, what exactly is the issue with collaborative commerce? Is the problem technical? Ironically, no! There may be a lot of technical difficulties, but technology is not the biggest barrier to collaborative commerce. Human barriers appear much larger. Overcoming distrust among parties, specifically the fear of leaking exclusive information, is the main issue. It is critical for companies to overcome this. Companies with high levels of collaborative commerce outperform those with low levels of collaboration.

Letting you customers only view product information in your website will make you sleep better at night and giving your customers access to sales forecasts and your suppliers to promotional sales will set off fears that your competitors will have access to exclusive data. Yes, that’s true. So, why do you need overcome distrust? This kind of online-sharing is essential for you and your trading partners in reducing costs, errors and cycle times from demand and supply chain.

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Collaborative commerce may also speed up business cycle times. A big automobile company that can automate the flow of paperwork among its suppliers might increase its efficiency by dealing with all of them in a uniform way. But it's unclear how well this would work in practice because not all paper-based business processes can be automated... :D ty

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1. The technology learning curve. Most large companies are just figuring out how to do that inside the walls of their own corporations.

2. the idea is new to businesspeople

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The bullwhip effect can be explained as an occurrence detected by the supply chain where orders sent to the manufacturer and supplier create larger variance then the sales to the end customer.  These irregular orders in the lower part of the supply chain develop to be more distinct higher up in the supply chain.  This variance can interrupt the smoothness of the supply chain process as each link in the supply chain will over or underestimate the product demand resulting in exaggerated fluctuations.

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Through the numerous stages of a supply chain; key factors such as time and supply of order decisions, demand for the supply, lack of communication and disorganization can result in one of the most common problems in supply chain management.  This common problem is known as the bullwhip effect; also sometimes the whiplash effect.

What is the bullwhip effect?

The bullwhip effect can be explained as an occurrence detected by the supply chain where orders sent to the manufacturer and supplier create larger variance then the sales to the end customer.  These irregular orders in the lower part of the supply chain develop to be more distinct higher up in the supply chain.  This variance can interrupt the smoothness of the supply chain process as each link in the supply chain will over or underestimate the product demand resulting in exaggerated fluctuations.

What contributes to the bullwhip effect?

There are many factors said to cause or contribute to the bullwhip effect in supply chains; the following list names a few:

Disorganization between each supply chain link; with ordering larger or smaller amounts of a product than is needed due to an over or under reaction to the supply chain beforehand.

Lack of communication between each link in the supply chain makes it difficult for processes to run smoothly.  Managers can perceive a product demand quite differently within different links of the supply chain and therefore order different quantities.

Free return policies; customers may intentionally overstate demands due to shortages and then cancel when the supply becomes adequate again,  without return forfeit retailers will continue to exaggerate their needs and cancel orders; resulting in excess material.

Order batching; companies may not immediately place an order with their supplier; often accumulating the demand first.  Companies may order weekly or even monthly.  This creates variability in the demand as there may for instance be a surge in demand at some stage followed by no demand after.

Price variations – special discounts and other cost changes can upset regular buying patterns; buyers want to take advantage on discounts offered during a short time period, this can cause uneven production and distorted demand information.

Demand information – relying on past demand information to estimate current demand information of a product does not take into account any fluctuations that may occur in demand over a period of time.

Example of the bullwhip effect

Let’s look at an example; the actual demand for a product and its materials start at the customer, however often the actual demand for a product gets distorted going down the supply chain. Let’s say that an actual demand from a customer is 8 units, the retailer may then order 10 units from the distributor; an extra 2 units are to ensure they don’t run out of floor stock.

The supplier then orders 20 units from the manufacturer; allowing them to buy in bulk so they have enough stock to guarantee timely shipment of goods to the retailer. The manufacturer then receives the order and then orders from their supplier in bulk; ordering 40 units to ensure economy of scale in production to meet demand.  Now 40 units have been produced for a demand of only 8 units; meaning the retailer will have to increase demand by dropping prices or finding more customers by marketing and advertising.

Although the bullwhip effect is a common problem for supply chain management understanding the causes of the bullwhip effect can help managers find strategies to alleviate the effect.

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The bullwhip effect is a distribution channel phenomenon in which forecasts yield supply chain inefficiencies. It refers to increasing swings in inventory in response to shifts in customer demand as you move further up the supply chain.

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The bullwhip effect is a distribution channel phenomenon in which forecasts yield supply chain inefficiencies. It refers to increasing swings in inventory in response to shifts in customer demand as you move further up the supply chain

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The bullwhip effect is a distribution channel phenomenon in which forecasts yield supply chain inefficiencies. It refers to increasing swings in inventory in response to shifts in customer demand as you move further up the supply chain.

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The bullwhip effect is a distribution channel phenomenon in which forecasts yield supply chain inefficiencies. It refers to increasing swings in inventory in response to shifts in customer demand as you move further up the supply chain.

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The bullwhip effect on the supply chain occurs when changes in consumer demand causes the companies in a supply chain to order more goods to meet the new demand. The bullwhip effect usually flows up the supply chain, starting with the retailer, wholesaler, distributor, manufacturer and then the raw materials supplier. This effect can be observed through most supply chains across several industries; it occurs because the demand for goods is based on demand forecasts from companies, rather than actual consumer demand.

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The bullwhip effect is a distribution channel phenomenon in which forecasts yield supply chain inefficiencies. It refers to increasing swings in inventory in response to shifts in customer demand as you move further up the supply chain.

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The bullwhip effect is a distribution channel phenomenon in which forecasts yield supply chain inefficiencies. It refers to increasing swings in inventory in response to shifts in customer demand as you move further up the supply chain. :D ty

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an occurrence detected by the supply chain where orders sent to the manufacturer and supplier create larger variance then the sales to the end customer.  These irregular orders in the lower part of the supply chain develop to be more distinct higher up in the supply chain.  This variance can interrupt the smoothness of the supply chain process as each link in the supply chain will over or underestimate the product demand resulting in exaggerated fluctuations.

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Tujuan supply chain adalah untuk memastikan sesuatu produk berada pada tempat dan waktu yang tepat untuk memenuhi permintaan pengguna tanpa menyebabkan stok yang berlebihan atau kekurangan. Sebuah operasi yang efisyen bergantung pada lengkapnya dan tepatnya aliran data yang berhubungan dengan produk yang diminta dari peruncit kepada pembeli , sistem pembuatan dan juga kembali semula ke kilang.

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1.rantaian bekalan huluan
2. rantaian bekalan dalaman dan rantaian nilai
3.rantaian bekalan Hiliran

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pengurusan rantaian bekalan (SCM) adalah satu rangkaian kemudahan dan pilihan pengagihan yang masuk ke dalam meningkatkan contoh company.For anda; transformasi bahan-bahan ke dalam produk perantaraan dan selesai dan pengedaran produk siap kepada pengguna.

Berikut adalah lima komponen asas SCM:

1.pelan
Setiap syarikat memerlukan strategi tentang bagaimana untuk menguruskan sumber-sumber untuk mencapai pelanggan mereka menuntut produk dan perkhidmatan mereka. Pengurusan rantaian bekalan sedang membangunkan satu set metrik untuk memantau rantaian bekalan supaya ia dapat memberikan kualiti yang tinggi dan nilai-nilai kepada pelanggan.

2.Source
Untuk membuat produk mereka, syarikat-syarikat perlu berhati-hati apabila memilih pembekal untuk menghantar barangan dan perkhidmatan mereka diperlukan. Pengurus perlu membangunkan harga set dan sistem penyampaian dalam penawaran chain.They juga boleh meletakkan proses untuk menguruskan mereka inventori barangan dan barangan, sebagai contoh; menerima penghantaran.

3.Buat
Dalam pembuatan pengurus rantaian bekalan perlu sentiasa menyusun jadual aktiviti yang diperlukan untuk pengeluaran, pembungkusan, ujian dan persediaan untuk delivery.The bahagian paling metrik intensif peringkat rantaian bekalan, output pengeluaran dan langkah.

4.menyampaikan
Bahagian ini terutamanya dirujuk sebagai logistik oleh pihak pengurusan rantaian bekalan. Dalam kes ini syarikat menyelaras penerimaan pesanan, memilih syarikat penerbangan untuk mendapatkan produk-produk kepada pelanggan dan membangunkan satu rangkaian gudang.

5.pulangan
Dalam banyak syarikat ini biasanya di mana masalah itu adalah - dalam bekalan chain.The perancang perlu mewujudkan rangkaian yang fleksibel dan bertanggungjawab menerima kelemahan dan produk yang berlebihan dihantar kembali kepada mereka (dari pelanggan).

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Definisi :

Supply chain adalah satu sistem yang melibatkan proses pengeluaran, pengiriman, penyimpanan , pengedaran dan penjualan produk dalam rangka untuk memenuhi permintaan produk tersebut . Supply chain di dalamnya termasuk seluruh proses dan kegiatan yang terlibat didalam penyampaian produk tersebut sehingga sampai ke pengguna. Semua itu termasuk proses pengeluaran pada pembuatan, sistem pengangkutan yang menggerakkan produk dari pembuatan sampai ke cawangan pengedar dan peruncit, gudang tempat penyimpanan produk tersebut, pusat pengedaran dimana tempat pengiriman dalam kuantiti besar dibahagikan kedalam kuantiti kecil untuk dikirim semula ke kedai-kedai dan akhirnya sampai ke peruncit yang menjual produk-produk tersebut.

Komponen Dalam Pengurusan Supply Chain

Perancangan

Merupakan pengembangan sebuah strategi untuk menyusun seluruh sumber alam yang diperlukan untuk memuaskan tuntutan pelanggan tentang produk dan layanan. Perancangan yang besar dan baik perlu bagi mencapai standard untuk memantau rantaian bekalan supaya menjadi lebih efisen , menjimatkan kos dan memberikan kualiti dan kepuasan kepada pelanggan.

Sumber

Merupakan proses memilih pembekal yang akan menghantar barang dan bahan yang diperlukan untuk mencipta produk atau servis berkaitan. Ini juga melibatkan masalah penentuan harga, pengiriman dan proses pembayaran dengan pembekal dan mewujudkan proses timbang tara untuk memantau dan meningkatkan hubungan baik antara dua pihak.

Pembuatan

Termasuk didalamnya jadual yang membolehkan untuk kegiatan pengeluaran, pengujian produk , pengemasan dan persiapan untuk proses pengiriman berlaku. Sebagai bahagian terbesar yang menjadi bahagian intensif pada rantaian bekalan adalah tahap kualiti, hasil produksi dan tenaga kerja yang produktif. Meliputi proses-proses pengeluaran, ujian, pembungkusan, persiapan untuk penghantaran, tahap kualiti, hasil pengeluaran dan tenaga produktif.

Penghantaran/ Kiriman

Ia disebut sebagai logistik dan ini adalah sebuah proses perniagaan yang melibatkan pergerakan fizik dari produk yang berada di laluan rantaian bekalan. Didalam rantaian ini terdapat perkara seperti bahan mentah berpindah ke proses pembuatan dan produk yang sudah siap akan bergerak menuju ke arah pengguna. Di sini juga terdapat kemudahan servis tambahan seperti pergudangan, persiapan untuk promosi produk dan proses pemulangan semula barang-barang yang rosak ketika proses penghantaran berlaku.

Pengembalian/Pemulangan

Bahagian ini merupakan bahagian yang antara terakhir dalam rantai bekalan. Bahagian ini melibatkan pemulangan semula produk yang mungkin rosak atau menghadapi masalah ketika sudah berada di tangan pengguna. Ini memberi peluang dan gambaran yang baik pada syarikat dimana pengguna akan lebih merasa terbela jika sesuatu produknya itu rosak dipertengahan jalan dalam rantai bekalan.

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Kesan bullwhip adalah satu fenomena saluran pengedaran di mana ramalan menghasilkan ketidakcekapan rantaian bekalan. Ia merujuk kepada peningkatan perubahan dalam inventori sebagai tindak balas kepada perubahan dalam permintaan pelanggan yang anda bergerak lebih jauh ke rantaian bekalan.

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Kesan bullwhip adalah satu fenomena saluran pengedaran di mana ramalan menghasilkan ketidakcekapan rantaian bekalan. Ia merujuk kepada peningkatan perubahan dalam inventori sebagai tindak balas kepada perubahan dalam permintaan pelanggan yang anda bergerak lebih jauh ke rantaian bekalan.

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Supply Chain bertujuan untuk mengurangkan tahap inventori , mengoptimumkan pengeluaran dan meningkatkan daya pemprosesan , mengurangkan masa pembuatan, mengoptimumkan logistik dan pengedaran, menyelaraskan pelaksanaan pesanan , dan secara keseluruhannya mengurangkan kos yang berkaitan dengan aktiviti-aktiviti ini....

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- rantaian bekalan huluan
- perolehan
Proses terdiri daripada pelbagai aktiviti yang mana organisasi memperoleh atau mendapat akses kepada sumber-sumber (bahan-bahan , kemahiran , keupayaan, kemudahan) mereka perlukan untuk menjalankan aktiviti perniagaan teras mereka
- rantaian bekalan dalaman dan rantaian nilai
- rantaian bekalan Hiliran

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rangkaian keseluruhan entiti, secara langsung atau tidak langsung saling berkait dan saling bergantung dalam melayani pelanggan atau pelanggan yang sama. Ia terdiri daripada vendor yang membekalkan bahan mentah, pengeluar yang menukar bahan ke dalam produk, gudang yang menyimpan, pusat pengedaran yang menyerahkan kepada peruncit, dan peruncit yang membawa produk kepada pengguna akhir. rantaian bekalan mendasari nilai-rantai kerana, tanpa mereka, tiada pengeluar mempunyai keupayaan untuk memberi pelanggan apa yang mereka mahu, bila dan di mana mereka mahu, pada harga yang mereka mahu.

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rangkaian keseluruhan entiti, secara langsung atau tidak langsung saling berkait dan saling bergantung dalam melayani pelanggan atau pelanggan yang sama. Ia terdiri daripada vendor yang membekalkan bahan mentah, pengeluar yang menukar bahan ke dalam produk, gudang yang menyimpan, pusat pengedaran yang menyerahkan kepada peruncit, dan peruncit yang membawa produk kepada pengguna akhir. rantaian bekalan mendasari nilai-rantai kerana, tanpa mereka, tiada pengeluar mempunyai keupayaan untuk memberi pelanggan apa yang mereka mahu, bila dan di mana mereka mahu, pada harga yang mereka mahu.

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rantaian berkalan =
Aliran bahan, maklumat , wang, dan perkhidmatan dari pembekal bahan mentah melalui kilang-kilang dan gudang kepada pelanggan akhir

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Belian- , pengurusan pembekal, sumber strategik

Operasi - Pengurusan permintaan , MRP , ERP, JIT, TQM

Pengedaran- Pengurusan pengangkutan,pengurusan hubungan dengan pelanggan,reka bentuk network.sambutan perkhidmatan logistikIntegrasi, masalah integrasi global , pengukuran prestasi

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Supply chain adalah satu sistem yang melibatkan proses pengeluaran, pengiriman, penyimpanan , pengedaran dan penjualan produk dalam rangka untuk memenuhi permintaan produk tersebut . Supply chain di dalamnya termasuk seluruh proses dan kegiatan yang terlibat didalam penyampaian produk tersebut sehingga sampai ke pengguna. Semua itu termasuk proses pengeluaran pada pembuatan, sistem pengangkutan yang menggerakkan produk dari pembuatan sampai ke cawangan pengedar dan peruncit, gudang tempat penyimpanan produk tersebut, pusat pengedaran dimana tempat pengiriman dalam kuantiti besar dibahagikan kedalam kuantiti kecil untuk dikirim semula ke kedai-kedai dan akhirnya sampai ke peruncit yang menjual produk-produk tersebut.

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aliran bahan,maklumat,duit dan perkhidmatan daripada bahan mentah pengeluar melalui prosespengilangan,penyimpanan sehingga ke pengguna terakhir

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Proses perkongsian untuk menguruskan aliran produk, perkhidmatan dan maklumat dalam masa nyata di antara pembekal dan pelanggan. Potensi besar Internet adalah untuk memudahkan kerjasama antara pembeli rantaian bekalan dan penjual untuk mencapai maklumat penglihatan yang lebih baik dan memudahkan membuat keputusan yang lebih baik. penglihatan maklumat antara pengeluar peralatan asal atau pembekal perkhidmatan yang besar (seperti syarikat penerbangan) dan pembekal peringkat bawah mereka mempunyai potensi yang besar untuk mewujudkan peluang penjimatan kos bersama.

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Proses perkongsian maklumat yang diperlukan untuk menguruskan aliran produk, perkhidmatan dan maklumat di antara pembekal dan pelanggan.

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1.Information Visiblity

Proses perkongsian data kritikal yang diperlukan untuk menguruskan aliran produk , perkhidmatan dan maklumat dalam masa nyata di antara pembekal dan pelanggan

2. SUPPLY CHAIN
Rantaian bekalan huluan

-Perolehan
Proses terdiri daripada pelbagai aktiviti yang mana organisasi memperoleh atau mendapat akses kepada sumber-sumber (bahan-bahan , kemahiran , keupayaan, kemudahan) mereka perlukan untuk menjalankan aktiviti perniagaan teras mereka

-Rantaian bekalan dalaman dan rantaian nilai

-Rantaian bekalan Hiliran

3.Bullwhip Effect

Kesan bullwhip adalah satu fenomena saluran pengedaran di mana ramalan menghasilkan ketidakcekapan rantaian bekalan. Ia merujuk kepada peningkatan perubahan dalam inventori sebagai tindak balas kepada perubahan dalam permintaan pelanggan yang anda bergerak lebih jauh ke rantaian bekalan

4.Barrier to the c-commerce
One barrier is the technology learning curve. "Running a distributed design process among business partners using a Web site as a hub is tough," says Lepeak. "Most large companies are just figuring out how to do that inside the walls of their own corporations. When you go outside the firm, there are lots of issues about technology, security and authorization."

Another barrier is that the idea is new to businesspeople. "Executives are starting to buy into the idea, but it will be years before it's commonplace," Lepeak says.
http://www.computerworld.com/article/2596218/enterprise-applications/collaborative-commerce.html

5.What is VOIP

IntroductionVOIP is an acronym for Voice Over Internet Protocol, or in more common terms phone service over the Internet.

If you have a reasonable quality Internet connection you can get phone service delivered through your Internet connection instead of from your local phone company.

Some people use VOIP in addition to their traditional phone service, since VOIP service providers usually offer lower rates than traditional phone companies, but sometimes doesn't offer 911 service, phone directory listings, 411 service, or other common phone services. While many VoIP providers offer these services, consistent industry-wide means of offering these are still developing.

How does VOIP work?A way is required to turn analog phone signals into digital signals that can be sent over the Internet.

This function can either be included into the phone itself (See: VOIP Phones) or in a separate box like an ATA .

VOIP Using an ATA

Ordinary Phone ---- ATA ---- Ethernet ---- Router ---- Internet ---- VOIP Service Provider

VOIP using an IP Phone

IP Phone ----- Ethernet ----- Router ---- Internet ---- VOIP Service Provider

VOIP connecting directlyIt is also possible to bypass a

VOIP Service Provider and directly connect to another VOIP user. However, if the VOIP devices are behind NAT routers, there may be problems with this approach.

IP Phone ----- Ethernet ----- Router ---- Internet ---- Router ---- Ethernet ---- IP Phone

Applications using VOIPTraditional telephony applications, such as outbound call center applications and inbound IVR applications, normally can be run on VOIP.

Why use VOIP?There are two major reasons to use VOIP

Lower Cost

Increased functionality

Lower CostIn general phone service via VOIP costs less than equivalent service from traditional sources. This is largely a function of traditional phone services either being monopolies or government entities. There are also some cost savings due to using a single network to carry voice and data. This is especially true when users have existing under-utilized network capacity that they can use for VOIP without any additional costs.

In the most extreme case, users see VOIP phone calls (even international) as FREE. While there is a cost for their Internet service, using VOIP over this service may not involve any extra charges, so the users view the calls as free. There are a number of services that have sprung up to facilitate this type of "free" VOIP call. Examples are: Free World Dialup and Skype for a more complete list see: VOIP Service Providers

Increased FunctionalityVOIP makes easy some things that are difficult to impossible with traditional phone networks.

Incoming phone calls are automatically routed to your VOIP phone where ever you plug it into the network. Take your VOIP phone with you on a trip, and anywhere you connect it to the Internet, you can receive your incoming calls.

Call center agents using VOIP phones can easily work from anywhere with a good Internet connection.

VoIP Software

Skype- works with both smart phone and PC. It is free for PC to PC phone calls or Video calls as well as chat. but, it cost money to make local call. For this purpose, you have to buy credit.

Viber- An apps for using free VoIP with smart phone, it also has PC software.

iTel Mobile Dialer - A SIP Softphone, which allows users to make long distance VoIP calls from mobile phones.

iTel IM Dialer - Allows its users to make audio & video call, share files & location, mobile top up and many more.

iTel Switch - A single Softswitch platform for global Retail, Wholesale, Calling card & Call shop business.

SyncSwitch- An asterisk based carrier grade softswitch with the functionality of switching and billing.

Google Hangout

Line

CoolDialer

VoIP dialer software system - A VoIP dialer software is call processing system designed to maintain a high level of utilization. It helps you to save precious time and close more leads.

VoIP Software Solutions Providers

3CX

Bicom Systems

REVE Systems - Mobile VoIP, Softswitch & Calling Card Solutions

SBO- VoIP Bandwidth Optimizer, reduce bandwidth consumption and accelerate service quality.

6. Web 2.0

Web 2.0 describes World Wide Web sites that emphasize user-generated content, usability, and interoperability. The term was popularized by Tim O'Reilly and Dale Dougherty at the O'Reilly Media Web 2.0 Conference in late 2004, though it was coined by Darcy DiNucci in 1999. Web 2.0 does not refer to an update to any technical specification, but to changes in the way Web pages are made and used.

A Web 2.0 site may allow users to interact and collaborate with each other in a social media dialogue as creators of user-generated content in a virtual community, in contrast to Web sites where people are limited to the passive viewing of content. Examples of Web 2.0 include social networking sites, blogs, wikis, folksonomies, video sharing sites, hosted services, Web applications, collaborative consumption platforms, and mashups.

Whether Web 2.0 is substantively different from prior Web technologies has been challenged by World Wide Web inventor Tim Berners-Lee, who describes the term as jargon. His original vision of the Web was "a collaborative medium, a place where we [could] all meet and read and write". On the other hand, the term Semantic Web (sometimes referred to as Web 3.0)[citation needed] was coined by Tim Berners-Lee for a web of data that can be processed by machines.

7.What is collaboration? It is a term that has found

its way into the press, and, which has been

spoken about at conferences on almost a weekly

basis. However, what does collaboration really

mean?

As part of our research and as industry analysts

at Collaborative Strategies (CS), we track 1,000

tools and services that claim to have some flavor

of collaborative functionality, However, it has

become increasingly obvious, based on the

degree of variation in these products and

services, that “collaboration” does not mean the

same thing to everyone.

There are a variety of definitions for collaboration:

•The art of discovering what neither of us

could produce or invent on our own

•The source of all productivity

•The dance of working with others

8.Collaborative planning, forecasting, and replenishment

Collaborative planning, forecasting, and replenishment (CPFR, a trademark of the Voluntary Interindustry Commerce Standards (VICS) Association), is a concept that aims to enhance supply chain integration by supporting and assisting joint practices. CPFR seeks cooperative management of inventory through joint visibility and replenishment of products throughout the supply chain. Information shared between suppliers and retailers aids in planning and satisfying customer demands through a supportive system of shared information. This allows for continuous updating of inventory and upcoming requirements, making the end-to-end supply chain process more efficient. Efficiency is created through the decrease expenditures for merchandising, inventory, logistics, and transportation across all trading partners.

9.product lifecycle management (PLM)

Product lifecycle management (PLM) is a systematic approach to managing the series of changes a product goes through, from its design and development to its ultimate retirement or disposal.

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proses perkongsian maklumat untuk menguruskan aliran produk, perkhidmatan dan maklumat dalam masa yang sama antara pelanggan dan pembekal

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proses perkongsian maklumat untuk menguruskan aliran produk, perkhidmatan dan maklumat dalam masa yang sama antara pelanggan dan pembekal

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penglihatan maklumat dalam rantaian bekalan adalah proses perkongsian data kritikal yang diperlukan untuk menguruskan aliran produk, perkhidmatan dan maklumat dalam masa nyata di antara pembekal dan pelanggan.

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penglihatan maklumat dalam rantaian bekalan adalah proses perkongsian data kritikal yang diperlukan untuk menguruskan aliran produk, perkhidmatan dan maklumat dalam masa nyata di antara pembekal dan pelanggan.

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Proses perkongsian data yang kritikal yang diperlukan untuk menguruskan aliran produk, perkhidmatan dan maklumat dalam masa yangnyata di antara pembekal dan pelanggan

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penglihatan maklumat = pengkongsian data untuk menguruskan aliran produk , perkhidmatan dan maklumat dalam masa nyata antara pembekal dan pelanggan 

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penglihatan maklumat = pengkongsian data untuk menguruskan aliran produk , perkhidmatan dan maklumat dalam masa nyata antara pembekal dan pelanggan 

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Proses perkongsian data kritikal yang diperlukan untuk menguruskan aliran produk, perkhidmatan dan maklumat dalam masa nyata di antara pembekal dan pelanggan

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Proses perkongsian data kritikal yang diperlukan untuk menguruskan aliran produk, perkhidmatan dan maklumat dalam masa nyata di antara pembekal dan pelanggan

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Teknologi Maklumat atau IT dan Teknologi Maklumat dan Komunikasi atau ICT merupakan teknologi yang diperlukan untuk pemprosesan data. Ruang lingkup tajuknya sangat luas: berkenaan segala aspek dalam pengurusan dan pemprosesan maklumat. Secara tepat dan mudah: penggunaan komputer dan perisian untuk mengubah, menyimpan, melindungi, memproses, memindah, melihat, dan mendapatkan maklumat tanpa mengira tempat dan waktu

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Perkongsian maklumat untuk menguruskan aliran produk, perkhidmatan dan maklumat dalam masa nyata di antara pembekal dan pelanggan.... ty :D

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Perkongsian maklumat untuk menguruskan aliran produk, perkhidmatan dan maklumat dalam masa nyata di antara pembekal dan pelanggan.... ty :D

# data[].attributes.headline
Penglihatan maklumat = Proses perkongsian data kritikal yang diperlukan untuk menguruskan aliran produk, perkhidmatan dan maklumat dalam masa nyata di antara pembekal dan pelanggan

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Penglihatan maklumat = Proses perkongsian data kritikal yang diperlukan untuk menguruskan aliran produk, perkhidmatan dan maklumat dalam masa nyata di antara pembekal dan pelanggan

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proses perkongsian maklumat kritikal untuk melancarkan aliran produk,servis dan maklumat antara pengeluar dan pelanggan

# data[].attributes.body
penglihatan maklumat dalam rantaian bekalan adalah proses perkongsian data kritikal yang diperlukan untuk menguruskan aliran produk , perkhidmatan dan maklumat secara nyata di antara pembekal dan pelanggan.

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1.Information visibility = Proses perkongsian data kririkal untuk menguruskan aliran produk, perkhidmatan dan maklumat dalam masa yang tepat di antara pembekal dan pelanggan

# data[].attributes.subject
1.Information visibility = Proses perkongsian data kririkal untuk menguruskan aliran produk, perkhidmatan dan maklumat dalam masa yang tepat di antara pembekal dan pelanggan

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Penglihatan maklumat

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proses perkongsian kritikal data yang diperlukan untuk menguruskan aliran produk, servis, informasi pada masa sebenar antara pelanggan dan pembekal

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penglihatan maklumat