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C. St. Augustine and St. Thomas Aquinas: Will and Love

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C. St. Augustine and St. Thomas Aquinas: Will and Love

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For St. Augustine, physically we are free, yet morally bound to obey the law. The Eternal law is God Himself. According to this law, humanity must do well and avoid evil, hence, the existence of moral obligation in every human being.

Through prayer, modesty, fasting, and other sound measures that the Church recommends, or God provides, can purify heart, mind, and body be maintained and daily lived.

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Nirvana means the state in which one is absolutely free from all forms of bondage and attachment. It means to overcome and remove the cause of suffering. It is also the state or perfect insight into the nature of existence. The Buddhists see one who has attained nirvana as one who is unencumbered from all the fetters that bind a human being to existence.

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Essential Hinduism is based on the belief in karma and has its first literary expression in Upanishads. Everything in this life, say the Hindus, is a consequence of actions performed in previous existence. Only by building up a fine record, or "karma", can final salvation be attained.

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To love is to experience richness, positivity, and transcendence. Whether in times of ecstatic moments or struggles, the love for a friend, between family members or a significant person, can open in us something in the other which takes us beyond ourselves. Life is full of risks, fears and commitment, pain and sacrificing and giving up things we want for the sake of the one we love. In Buddhist view, the more we love, the more risks and fears there are in life.

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Our loneliness can be rooted from our sense of vulnerability and fear of death. This experience is common. However, it is our choice to live in an impossible world where we are always "happy" or to accept a life where solitude and companionship have a part. With our loneliness, we can realize that our dependence on other people or gadgets is a possessiveness that we can be free from.

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Our failures force us to confront our weaknesses and limitations.

Such acceptance of our failures make us hope and trust that all can be brought into good. Even if we have sinned, as Augustine had, there is hope and forgiveness.

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The experience that we are contingent, that we are dependent for our existence on another is frightening.

We need to acknowledge the help of other people in our lives.

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There is perfection in every single flower; this is what the three philosophies believed. These kinds of experiences can be truly moments of grace. They touch us deeply and the human heart is spontaneously lifted.

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When we forgive, we are freed from our anger and bitterness because of the actions and/or words of another. On the other hand, the hardness of our heart is reinforced by the whole series of rational arguments.

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"I am the vine; you are the branches. If you remain in me and I in you, you will bear much fruit; apart from me, you can do nothing."

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J'ai tout lu.                                     I have everything.
J'ai tout vu.                                    I have seen all.
J'ai tout connu.                             I knew all.
J'ai tout entendu.                         I have heard all.
J'ai tout eu.                                   I had it all.
Et je suis... un peu perdu.           I had lost... I am a bit lost.

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For Augustine, wisdom is not just an abstract logical construction; it is substantially existent as the Devine Logos. Hence, philosophy is the love of God.

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He was an immensely influential p hilosopher, theologian, and jurist in the tradition of scholasticism, within which he is also known as the Doctor Angelicus and the Doctor Communis.

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Also known as the Doctor of Grace, was an early Christian theologian and philosopher whose writings influenced the development of Western Christianity and Western philosophy.

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"Faith is to believe what you do not see; the reward of this faith is to see what you believe"

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"Faith is to believe what you do not see; the reward of this faith is to see what you believe"

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- Saint Augustine

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The reality of God is unquestioned in the New Testament due to the conviction that in Jesus of Nazareth the eternal God became flesh and dwelt among human beings.

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The problem addressed in the Old Testament isn't atheism, but polytheism: not the denial of God but the worship of more than one God.

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Proving the existence of God is as pointless as probing the existence of air.

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Love

Sorrow of others

Joy in the joy of others

Equanimity as regards one's own joy and sorrows.

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It is the beginning-less cycle of repeated birth, mundane existence and dying again that all beings pass through. Samsara is considered to be dukkha, unsatisfactory and painful, perpetuated by desire and avidya (ignorance), and the resulting karma.

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In the state of Nirvana, the effects of Karma can be overcame; the Cycle of Rebirth is broken; and one may rest in the calm assurance of having attained a heavenly bliss that will stretch into all eternity.

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The highest state that someone can attain, a state of enlightenment, meaning a person's individual desires and suffering go away.

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Cease to do evil

Learn to do good

Purify your own mind

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the principle of cosmic order.

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the teaching or religion of the Buddha.

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the Buddhist community of monks, nuns, novices, and laity.

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1. Right belief in and acceptance of the "Fourfold Truth";

2. Right aspiration for one's self and for others;

3. Right speech that harms no one;

4. Right conduct, motivated by goodwill toward all human beings;

5. Right means of livelihood, or earning one's living by honorable means;

6. Right endeavor, or effort to direct one's energies toward wise ends;

7. Right mindfulness in choosing topics for thought; and

8. Right meditation, or concentration to the point of complete absorption in mystic ecstacy.

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1. Life is full of suffering;

2. Suffering is caused by passionate desires, lusts, cravings;

3. Only as these are obliterated, will suffering cease;

4. Such eradication of desire may be accomplished only by following the Eightfold Path of earnest endeavor.

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He turned away from Hinduism to seek for answers to the riddle of life's sufferings, disease, old age, and death.

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Like stars fading and vanishing at dawn,
Like bubbles on a fast moving stream,
Like morning dewdrops evaporating on blades of grass,
like a candle flickering in a stormy wind,
echoes, mirages, and phantoms hallucinations and like a dream.

- The Buddha, Eight Smiles of Illusion

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The Upanishads are a collection of texts that contain some of the central philosophical concepts of Hinduism; and is also considered by Hindus to contain utterances concerning the nature of ultimate reality and describing the character of and path to human salvation

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Dharma is an important term in Indian religions. In Hinduism it means 'duty', 'virtue', 'morality', even 'religion' and it refers to the power which upholds the universe and society.

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Vishnu is considered as the most important god in Hinduism.Vishnu has come to earth as Rama and Krishna to save the world. Vishnu is married to Lakshmi. Vishnu has four arms, which together hold a conch, a lotus flower, a discus and a club.  Vishnu has come down to earth many times, sometimes as an animal, sometimes as human beings.

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Most Hindus believe that Brahman is present in every person as the eternal spirit or soul, called the atman.

Brahman contains everything: creation and destruction, male and female, good and evil, movement and stillness.

These are expressed in the trimurti and are:

Brahma, the creator

Vishnu, the preserver

Shiva, the destroyer

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1. Wealth

2. Pleasure

3. Duty

4. Enlightment

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Places a lot of emphasis on the attainment of self-knowledge.

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It is the transcendent state attained as a result of being released from the cycle of rebirth.

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Hindus believe the atman repeatedly takes on a body until moksha.

If a person has led a good life, the soul goes upward the scale. The soul of an evil person, on the other hand, may pass into the body of an animal.

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Humanity's basic goal in life is the liberation (moksha) of spirit (jiva).

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It refers to intentional actions that affect one's fortunes in this life and the next.

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The spiritual and immortal essence (soul)

Empirical life and character

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It is the root of the universe and everything that exists and it continues to hold everything together.

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At the heart of Hinduism lies the idea of human beings' quest for absolute truth, so that one's soul and the Brahman or Atman (Absolute Soul) might become one.

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Hinduism is one of the oldest Eastern traditions practiced by hundreds of millions of people for about 5,000 years

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(n) conveys the basic ground concept from the world's literal meaning (from Latin), of climbing or going beyond, with varying connotations in its different historical and cultural stages.

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1. To recognize own limitations or possibilities for one's transcendence.

2. To evaluate own limitations and the possibilities for one's transcendence

3. To recognize how the human body imposes limits and possibilities for transcendence

4. To distinguish the limitations and possibilities for trascendence