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Universal Suffrage, Declaration of Rights and Evolution of Rights.

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Universal Suffrage, Declaration of Rights and Evolution of Rights.

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Universal Suffrage

Universal suffrage consists of the right to vote of the entire adult population of a state, regardless of race, sex, belief or social status.
Declaration of rights
In the declaration of individual human rights were the first to be affirmed. For example, the Bill of Rights of Philadelphia (1774) and Virginia (1756) and after the declaration of the rights of man and the citizens of the French Revolution, 1789, have an essentially individualistic content.
Evolution of rights
Rights in the Ancien Regime: existence of privilege and vertical immobility.
Rights in the Enlightment:
-People have natural rights that can not be suppressed by any power.
-It defended a system of social and legal equality.
-Suppressed privileges.
- They also thought to include the physiocracy and this implied the confiscation (depriving of the property of the land to the owners that did not exploit it correctly).
-End of S. XVIII: Montesquieu developed the separation of powers.
3 Main powers: legislative, executive and judicial. And prevent a single person or institution from accumulating them.
Rousseau developed national sovereignty that said that power corresponds to the nation.
Revolutionary liberalism also aspired to create a more fair and egalitarian society in which the old privileges were suppressed.
American Revolution: Bill of Rights at the Congress of Philadelphia. Virginia Declaration of Rights by Thomas Jefferson. He was one of the firts and He said:
-Principles of national sovereignty, separation of powers and base suffrage of independence.
Constitution of 1878: Separation of powers. The president and the legislative power elected by indirect suffrage.
French revolution: they created a notebook of complaints.
Constituent Assembly: abolition of feudal rights, August 26 Declaration of the rights of man and citizen.
Constitution 1791: Political regime is the parliamentary monarchy. National sovereignty and fundamental rights of citizens. Division of powers. Assembly elected by census suffrage.
Mountain Convention: Popular Sovereignty, universal male suffrage. Dictatorship
Directory: New constitution of the year III. Census suffrage.
Napoleonic empire: Constitution year VIII. Neither declaration of rights nor separation of powers.
Restoration: He returned to the Ancien Regime. Some kings issued letters granting some rights to the population.
Revolution 1820: Constitution of Cadiz from 1812 to 1823 and restoration of absolutism.
Revolution 1830: Carlos X de Borbón wanted to end the letters granted and a revolution occurred.
Revolution 1848: New very moderate constitution

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The integration of women in sport has been a long and slow process, because it's not until 1996 when the Olympic Charter introduces them. Since then, we know the masculinity and femininity stereotypes; characterizing men by having the ideal characteristics like strength, speed and resistance, while women was the delicate, fragile, passive and dependent one, calling those who transgress it, monsters. Now women is completely integrated into sport, taking part in almost all of them, even working as referees in sports like football, for example.

Women's Basketball is one of the few sports that developed at the same time as the men's. It began to be popular from the Eastern coast of the United States to the west coast. And then it spread to the countries of Latin America. The first women's match was played in the United States in 1893, and a different set of rules for women's play was drawn up in 1895. In the early days of women's basketball, many feminist issues struck the first steps of the sport. For example, The Ancient Foundation of Beauty and Femininity, disapproved of the game of women's basketball, judging it more typical of men. But over time, female athletes gained the acceptance of society and those obstacles were diluted.

Senda Berenson, known as the mother of women's basketball, for her contribution to the diffusion and development of it. She was born in 1865 and died in 1954. She was Director of the Department of Physical Education at Smith College in Northampton, Mass. For twelve (12) years she presided over the Women's Basketball Committee between 1905 and 1917. She also wrote a rulebook for this, her new sport.

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There are some books where they talk about this situation for example : Oliver Twist
We have selected this book because we are going to read  it this year.
Published as a serial 1837–39. The story is about the orphan Oliver Twist, who starts his life in a workhouse. One day, he asks for more food and the headmaster gets angry and sell him to an undertaker. He decides to escape from there because he argues with an employee and travels to London. He enters to a world of criminals. Oliver is dragged and discover how hard poberty, dirt and crime is.

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Child labour refers to the employment of children in any work that deprives children of their childhood, interferes with their ability to attend regular school, and that is mentally, physically, socially or morally dangerous and harmful . Legislation across the world prohibit child labour.