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types of photography that focus on certain elements
ex: protrait, landscape, night, etc

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it is the actual film strips that are put in a projector. It can be used for movies or photos. Many people like 35mm film better than digital because it lasts longer and it looks better.
ex: shooting a film vs. shooting a video

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a camera that uses film and has 2 lenses. One lens is used as a "viewfinder" to look at the object and the other lens is used to actually take the picture. You look into the camera from above and a mirror reflects the light so you can see through the viewfinder lens.

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These cameras use bigger rolls of film. The bigger the film, the better quality the picture will be. The most common large format cameras use 4x5 inch film, which is 15 times bigger and consequently 15 times better resolution than 35mm film.

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The method used to develop black and white images. There are three layers: paper, baryta, and gelatin. The light-sensitive silver particles in the gelatin form an image after exposure of the negative and a chemical bath.

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A person who collects and maintains photos at a museum.

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A public display of photos, often at a museum or gallery. This can be a big milestone for a photographer as it is a chance to show and sell their work.

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When an object in the photo is "framing", or surrounding the subject and blocking other parts out. This draws the eye to the subject.

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A room where photographs are permanently displayed.

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You own the photos you take, starting as soon as you take them. Copyright, or ownership, of the photo does not change unless you give the ownership to someone else.

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A path drawn in 2D. It can vary in length, direction, and thickness.

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Shapes have 2 dimensions: length and width. They can be organic or geometric.

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3 primary colors, 3 secondary colors, and 6 tertiary colors. Colors can vary depending on intensity, saturation, or dullness.

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Forms have 3 dimensions: height, width, and length. Form and shape often go together to convey something in space.

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The surface quality of an object. Art can have real texture or implied texture.

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Describes how light or dark a color is. A tint is when white is added to a color to lighten it, and a shade is when black is added to a color to darken it.

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A feeling of 3 dimensions within a picture, or how well the artist uses the area of the picture.
Positive space is where the subject is.
Negative space is where the background is.

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When subjects are arranged to create a sense of equal importance or "weight" (symmetrical). Sometimes the balance will be off, meaning there are more things on one side (asymmetrical). Occasionally the "weight" will be distributed equally and look as if it is radiating from one point (radial).

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When there is a lot to look at in one photo.

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The regular or irregular arrangement/ repetition of something.

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The relation of one object to another, or one part to the whole, in respect to size.

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The way the eye is directed while looking at a photo.

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The feeling of perfectness or the feeling of a coherent whole.

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The juxtaposition of something to make it stand out.

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Symmetry around a central axis, like a pizza or starfish.

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An invisible line splits and image in half, and if both sides mirror each other, it is symmetrical.

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When there are different objects on each side of the photo, but while their visual weight might be different, the photo is still balanced.

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When a photographer puts two things close together that are different from each other. The contrast between them catches the viewer's eye.

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When only one color is used in a photo, usually to convey a certain mood.

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Offers a new and different way of looking at something. The photo can at first seem confusing or strange.

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Includes blue, green, and purple. Calm, soothing colors that help make the space seem bigger. They also help to not overwhelm the viewer with harsh colors.

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Includes red, orange, and yellow. Bright, bold colors that contrast with cool colors.

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Colors opposite each other on the color wheel. When juxtaposed against each other, they seem brighter and more vivid, catching the viewer's attention.

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Includes black, gray, white, and brown ("earth tones"). Pay attention to the undertones of the neutral colors as they can affect the color balance of the photo.

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A compositional technique which divides the photo into thirds both vertically and horizontally. Lining the subject up on one line, or on an intersection point, creates emphasis and is pleasing to the eye.

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Another compositional technique, sometimes called The Fibonacci spiral or golden spiral. It uses mathematics to balance the photo in a way that leads the eye towards the subject and is pleasing to look at.

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Lines in photography draw the viewer's eye to the subject, and can help create depth and symmetry.

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Includes your subject and any other areas of interest; anything that jumps out at the viewer.

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The opposite of positive space, the background; anything that doesn't attract as much attention. It is important to maintain a balance between positive and negative space. Too much negative space and the photo can seem empty or boring. Too little negative space and it is unclear where the focus of the photo is.
Keep in mind that negative space doesn't need to be completely empty. ex:

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The light is behind the subject, making it look like they are glowing.

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The lighting has been softened (sometimes through a filter of some kind) so that it is not harsh or uneven.

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Lighting that is already present in the scene; not lighting that the photographer adds. ex: sunlight, a nearby streetlamp, artificial lights in a building.

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The view of a subject where is it back lit so that only the outline and featureless interior are seen. Silhouettes are usually black and lack depth/ form.

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The photograph has contrast and very distinct light and dark areas. This brings out the subject while everything else fades to black. This technique was first developed by artists such as Leonardo Davinci, Caravaggio, Vermeer, and Rembrandt.

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An objective photograph tries to convey the world as it really is; it is unbiased.
ex: the picture is of a girl in the street talking to someone on her phone.

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A subjective photograph tries to convey the world as the photographer views it; subjective photography is supposed to be interpreted.
ex: the president looks stressed, making the viewer think that being president is a difficult and tiring job.

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When you tell the photographer how to improve and get better photos next time. This can include positive and negative feedback and is done in a respectful and friendly way.

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When someone steals the idea of another person and uses it in their own work without giving credit.

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A photo representing and being owned by a specific person/company.

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The moral principles a person lives and works by. Some photos receive backlash because they are not ethical, or they are not socially acceptable due to their subjects.

As a photographer, it is important to get people's permission before taking pictures of them. It is also important to many photographers to stay true to their work and not take pictures of staged events because it would not be depicting "real life".

The ethical codes change from photographer to photographer, but encompass what they believe is right and wrong.

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Two images presented together on a single frame.

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Three images presented together, that are variants on a theme, or one image split into three.

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The smallest controllable element in an image.

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Right after sunrise or right before sunset, when the lighting is soft and red. It is easier to shoot in than the harsh lighting of midday.

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Right before sunrise and right after sunset, when the lighting is blue and stars are easily photographed.

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A way of organizing and storing the digital data of a photograph.

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Stands for Joint Photographic Experts Group. Compresses the image to make it a small file size, even if it means the loss of quality. Commonly used.

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The unprocessed photograph taken by a DSLR camera. Sometimes referred to as "digital negatives" because they are the purest form of the image.

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Stands for Tagged Image File Format. Does not lose quality each time it is saved (unlike a JPEG), making it a larger file. A TIFF will also save layers.

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Stands for Photoshop Document. Saves layers.

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A brown tone added to a black and white image to give it a "warmer" look.

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In between black and white. The middle values of an image.

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The lightest color in a photo; the color closest to pure white.

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The darkest color in a photo; the color closest to pure black.

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The process of editing a photograph it enhance the image and make it the best it can be.

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The time that the camera sensor is exposed to light. The longer the exposure time, the brighter the picture will be. AKA slow shutter speed, it spears/blurs movement but keeps stationary objects clear.

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A series of photos taken over a period of time and combined into a video to make it seem like time is moving faster. ex: instead of 1 frame per second, there are 30 frames per second, making time appear to be going 30 times faster.

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Light is "painted" or "drawn" while taking a long exposure photograph.

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Swiveling the camera horizontally to remain focused on a moving subject while the background becomes blurred.

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The size of a digital image in megapixels (usually in millions). The more pixels, the higher the resolution and better the quality.

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Stands for digital single lens reflex camera. It combines the mechanics of a single lens reflex camera with a digital image sensor. Since they are digital, they do not use up film and are therefore great for both professional and beginner photographers.

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Information about the photo embedded within the photo. Contains information such as author, date created, date modified, etc.

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A smaller representation of an image. Used to depict many images on one page. Often used by visual search engines or as a way to organize photos.

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Stands for straight out of camera. An untouched photo; no post processing.

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Also known as Image Stabilization. A technology that helps reduce blur from the photographer's hands shaking.

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The camera chooses the ISO, aperture, and shutter speed. Requires no thought or skill to take good photos.

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The photographer can control the ISO and some other features while the camera fills in the gaps by choosing all the other settings.

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The photographer is able to change the aperture and ISO while the camera chooses shutter speed for a proper exposure. This mode is good for when you want to create a depth of field.

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The photographer is able to change the shutter speed and ISO while the camera chooses the aperture for a proper exposure. This mode is good for when you want to capture movement.

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The photographer is in complete control and chooses all the settings.

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The sensitivity of film to light. When you use a film camera you have to buy rolls of film with a specific ASA based on what you think you will be taking pictures of.

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The measure of a digital camera sensor's sensitivity to light. The side affect is noise.

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The physical silver grain on a film strip. The more grain, the more sensitive to light the film is. Grain can also be defined as the texture on a photo resulting from high ASA.

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Random variation of color and brightness, resulting from the high sensitivity of the digital sensor.

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The sensor in a camera that converts light waves into an image to create a photo.

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The hole that light passes through to reach the image sensor. Controls the amount of light entering the camera. Depth of field is the side effect.

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The amount of light let into the lens is represented by the F/stop. Lower F/stops mean bigger openings and higher F/stops mean smaller openings. ex: F/1.4 = big. F/8 = small.

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The blur of out of focus parts of a photo. Achieved with a shallow depth of field (large aperture).

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The distance between the closest and farthest objects in a photo that are in focus. Shallow depth of field (background is out of focus) happens when there is a large aperture/ small f/stop number. Wide depth of field (everything is is focus) happens when there is a small aperture/ large f/stop number. Think of someone squinting their eyes to see clearer.

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Found on the front of the lens. Determines how zoomed in a camera will be able to see. Also determines how wide of an angle a camera can see. ex: longer lenses take more zoomed in photos and have a narrower angle of view.

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The length of time the shutter is open. It controls the length of time the image sensor is exposed to light. Similar to how a curtain works.

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A camera mode used in very low light settings. This mode lets you use a shutter speed of 30 seconds or longer. This picture probably took 30 minutes or more.

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The streaking of moving objects in a photo with long exposure (the shutter speed is very slow).

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The accidental shake of the camera due to unsteady hands. Causes unintentional motion blur.

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A tripod has three legs while a monopod has only one. Both are used to keep a camera steady during a long exposure to prevent unintentional motion blur.

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A DSLR camera with a 35 mm image sensor, just like a traditional 35 mm film camera. Most DSLRs have smaller image sensor formats. The full frame DSLR is on the right.

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Stands for Advanced Photo System type-C. It has an image sensor format that is the same size as Advanced Photo System film Classic ("C"). This image sensor format is smaller than the full frame DSLR.

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The size of a camera's image sensor in relation to the 35mm (full frame) sensor format .

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A non-zoom lens, usually with an aperture of f2.8 to f1.2. The big aperture opening lets in a lot of light and creates good bokeh, but it cannot zoom in.

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A lens used to capture things far away with precision. It can be either a prime lens or a zoom lens.