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Love drug, E, dance drug

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MDMA

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Schedule 1

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Club drug, date rape drug

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This is a drug that its unique pharmacology that leads to its special psychological effects. MDMA releases serotonin, the neurotransmitter that we now know is involved in social bonding as well as in reducing anxiety and lifting depression. MDMA also releases dopamine, which is why it can be used to give energy for all night raves, but this is a secondary and lesser action. In the quiet of the therapeutic treatment room the dopamine release may help keep patients motivated and engaged with the therapist, but it's the ability of the serotonin to overcome fear and anxiety that's critical. MDMA is proven to help people suffering from trauma.

(The Independent (London, England). (Nov. 21, 2018) Lexile Measure: 1430L.)

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“Closely related to amphetamine in structure and effects, its unique ability to generate feelings of warmth and empathy (being 'loved up') led to it being christened an 'entactogen'.” (Working with Substance Misusers: A Guide to Theory and Practice By Trudi Petersen; Andrew McBride)

very special properties of calmness, clarity and empathy

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“The acute risk of taking ecstasy is of overheating and related problems, which can be fatal. There is worrying evidence that ecstasy causes irreversible neurological damage in animals, and some evidence is now accumulating for human users.” (Working with Substance Misusers: A Guide to Theory and Practice

By Trudi Petersen; Andrew McBride)

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It became popular at parties and clubs and was used to assist psychotherapy in the 1980’s but legal use was discontinued in 1985 when convenience stores and bars began selling it over the counter; this caused MDMA to become classified as a schedule 1 drug (“MDMA”).

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MDMA is most commonly used by teens.  It’s typically used by young people at clubs, raves, and various social events (McDowell, David M). In 1997, 6.9 percent of 12th graders, 5.7 percent of 10th graders, and 3.2 percent of 8th graders reported that they had used Ecstasy/MDMA at least once in their lives. In 1998, 369,000 people ages 12 to 17 had done Ecstasy at least once in their life—about 1.4 percent of that age group, according to the National Household Survey on Drug Abuse. More than 1.4 million people ages 18 to 25 had taken Ecstasy at least once (O'Sullivan, Sean).

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Toxicology testing wasn’t performed on the drug until the 1950’s, even though it was synthesised by Merck in 1912.  In 1978,  it was reported to be psychoactive in humans.  MDMA was used as in psychotherapy in the 1980s because it allowed for better communication between therapist and patient and boosted the patient’s self esteem.  It became classified as a schedule 1 drug in 1985 due to its high abuse potential (“MDMA”).  It first became popular with young people in the 1980’s because of its use as a party drug.  Despite its extensive use, it didn’t gain much attention from law enforcement until 1985 when convenience stores and bars began selling the drug over the counter (McDowell, David M.).