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South African architecture is characterized by the European imprint, thanks to urban development and the discovery of gold and diamond mines, many architects headed to South Africa. In Cape Town, in addition to shacks and mountains of trash, we find elegant residential areas and modern buildings.
One of the most used architectural models is Cape Dutch.
The Cape Dutch style was influenced by the Dutch building, with Indonesian elements.
the distinctive features of Cape Dutch are the ornate and rounded pitches, reminiscent of the houses of Amsterdam but also affected by Asian elements. They were generally built by slaves.
The houses have a U-shaped floor (with the front side flanked by two perpendicular wings) or a T shaped floor  (with a single wing positioned perpendicularly in the back)
In Cape Town there are a few surviving historic buildings, theese are very expensive and luxurious

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Before 1994, in South Africa there were only two official languages, english and afrikaans, now instead there are eleven official languages. In South Africa the languages spoken are divided into two groups: Nguni languages (zulu, xhosa, ndebele, siswati) and Sotho languages (sesotho, northern sesoto, tswana). The most spoken languages are the zulu (24% of the population), the xhosa (18% of the population) and the afrikaans (13% of the population).

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soHip-Hop or Rap Music, born in 70's is a music genre that consist especially in rhythmic rhyming (rapping), scratching sounds, sampling beats, rapping rhymes at the moment (freestyling)a and rhythmic beatboxing.
Hip-hop developed in the United States, between afro americans people, who wrote lyrics and did freestyle about freedom and social equality.
The music genre has spread early in many other countries.
In '80s rap music became popular in South Africa, many people expressed themselves through rap at the time of apartheid and nowadays there are many rappers who make music.
One of the most senior artists was Hip Hop Pantsula (or HHP) who debuted in 1997 as part of the group Verbal Assassins, then in 2004 debuted as soloist. He has written songs in several languages, mostly in english and in setswana. He suicided in 2018
In south african hip-hop artists' songs you can find mixed genres between hip-hop, traphouse and folkloric african music.
In the hip-hop scene we can find rappers who reached international success such as AKA, Cassper Nyovest and Nasty C

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The cuisine of the Rainbow Nation also includes another typical dish: the mealie pap, a corn porridge accompanied by sauces or stews. Other examples of typical dishes are: biltong, a snack made from pieces of meat, dried and suitable to serve with an aperitif;i rusk, double-cooked biscuits;  the boerewors, spicy sausages, ideal for grilling;  pojiekos, a stew of meat and vegetables to cook on hot coals for several hours.  To eat the tastiest curries, go to Durban, where one of the local specialties is the bunny show.  curry stew enclosed in half a loaf of bread.  Do not miss the desserts made with jams and always fresh fruit.  Melktert is the dessert that best represents this cuisine: puff pastry stuffed with milk, flour, eggs and sugar and flavored with cinnamon.

South Africa offers to tourists a really various menu, from meat stews and vegetables to many other dishes whose main ingredient is corn, but piri piri too that come form Mozambique and curry and coriander spices from south-east of Asia are really famous.

In the South African cuisine is famous the snoekbrai, a stew prepared with mussels, lobsters and oysters a little bit spicy.

Of course there aren't only fish recipes: we have chicken, pork and lamb. In particular lamb and pig meat is used to prepare sosatie, where they're cut into cubes with apricots, and flanked by a corn polenta and subsequently cooked in the spit.

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The South African population is very large and it concentrates mainly on coasts and in big cities, especially in Cape Town and Johannesburg, the largest metropolis in all of Africa.

South Africa is also called the rainbow country, it’s an extremely multi-ethnic country, with 13 languages spoken, including Portuguese, Spanish, English and French.

85% of the population is black, 10% is of European origin and the rest is mainly from Saudi Arabia and Asian ethnic groups.

Many children die in Africa, the main causes are wars and famines, the infant mortality rate is very high. In particular, the spread of AIDS causesh the death of million of victims every year and children are forced to work on the street.

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Africa is a continent in which many religions coexist, not always peacefully. The most widespread are Islam and Christianity. Christianity on the African continent has become the first religion. In the south of the country, but also in the north, both Muslims and Christians can be found within the same family. In Africa there are many Muslims who persecute and kill Christians in countries like Nigeria, Mali, Somalia, Kenya. A widespread cultural practice carried out by them is infibulation.
It is part of the culture of those who suffer it.
This is a bloody practice, a transition from girl to adulthood. The woman is forced to close the vulva and is denied the enjoyment. There will also be significant risks during intercourse, or at the time of delivery.

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The territory has diverse climates, we can distinguish four climatic zones:
- in the equatorial zone we find a warm humid climate, abundant rainfall all year round, average temperatures of 25º C and a lot of vegetation with rainforests;
- in tropical areas we find rare rainfall. To the south are the deserts of the Namib and Kahalari and to the north is the Sahara;
- in the two subtropical zones we find different precipitations and the presence of the Savannah;
- in the coastal areas we find a temperate climate and scrub vegetation.

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Africa is washed by the Atlantic Ocean, the Mediterranean Sea, the Red Sea and the Indian Ocean. It is connected to Asia from the isthmus of Suez and Europe from the Strait of Gibraltar.
There are several islands, the largest is Madagascar which is found in Indian Ocean.
Then there are the Comoros islands, the Seychelles and the archipelagos of Madeira, the Canaries and Cape Verde.
Africa also hosts important mountain ranges such as the Atlas and the Dragons Mountains. In its eastern part we find the Rift Valley, at the sides of which there are reliefs of volcanic origin, among them the Kilimanjaro is very well known. In the north-eastern part flows the Nile, one of the most important rivers in the world.

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Nelson Mandela was born in South africa in 1918. In that period the governament in Africa ran an apartheid. The aparthied is when black people have to live apart from white people. Most black people had no job, were very poor and couldn’t vote because of this. Nelson was born in a village and he went to study law in London, he wanted to help black people to get free from apartheid .In 1960 the government killed 69 black people of ANC (African national congress) and Nelson was sent to prison for taking part to the protest.Nelson Mandela was kept in prison on an island. He was relased in 1990 . He won the nobel peace prize and he became president of South Africa after the first democratic vote of black people. When he was in prison he had time to read many books about pacifist protests and Ghandi’s life and he understood that it was the correct way to get  the indipence for black people in South Africa. He wrote letters for his people the government of foering countries and he raised attention on aparthaid problem.

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In Africa, women are tireless workers who spend most of their lives in the fields, taking care of their families, often in conditions of absolute poverty and in many cases forced to suffer violence and abuse by men.

The life of an African woman promises to be difficult from an early age, it is estimated that about three million girls are subjected to the practice of infibulation.

In the big cities the influence of the western lifestyle is leading many young people to abandon certain customs.

The woman acquires greater authority in the family after menopause. The predominance of man over woman is underlined by the Koran, although the Senegalese Constitution guarantees equality among citizens "whatever the origin, race, sex or religion".

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In the past, sport represented an important element of interracial union during the period of apartheid.
When springboks won the rugby world cup in 1995, Nelson Mandela wore the captain’s shirt Francois Pienaar, a white afrikaner, and they embraced.
That was a sign of racial’s reconciliation. During the apartheid sport was a racial fact.
In Fact the cricket’s player D’Olivera from Cape Town, was punished because of his skin’s color.
He moved to England in 1960 and he became one of the stars od the english team.
When , in 1968 he was selected for a tour of Africa, South African government banned him and this act offended even the most conservative british who slowly transformed South Africa in the country of international sport.
Then in 1992 the country partecipated again in the Olympic Games after 32 years.
During the girl's 10.000 meters final in Barcellona , 2 girls ran shoulder to shoulder  dominating the race : they were the South African Elana Mayer and the Ethiopian Derartu Tulu.The latter became the first african women in winning an Olympic prize.But the most important moment was when the 2 girls embraced and ran together : a withe Afrikaner woman and a black African woman.

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In South Africa 50 million of children have lost both parents.Some of them grow up alone.The South Africa is the region with the highest rate of child labor between the ages of 5 and 15,children are exploited in the most dangerous forms of work.Every day in Africa they suffer violence and exploitation.The situation is difficult for children forced to live on the street.

Unicef should seek governments to strengthen support systems for a more protective environment in families and communities to protect children.

Anthony Lake Director of Unicef founded the African baby day. The poverty, conflicts, climate change, hiv - aids, as well as domestic violence, are increasingly forcing children to leave their homes for living and working on the street, by abusing and exploitation. Unicef is working with governments across the continent to create a protective environment through programmes to promote social welfare.

the day of the African child recalls the tragic incident that occurred in March 1976, in Soweto: thousands of black students took to the streets to protest against the poor quality of their education and to ask for the right to receive teaching in their own language.Weeks of protest so many children were killed and injured.  In memory of the dead and the courage of all those who marched, the day of the African child is celebrated from 1991 to June 16 of each year.

in the context of the families affected by aids to pay the highest price are the girls, are forced to retreat if they attend a school, a conviction that will make them doubly marginalised in the future.

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African Music by Tina Arena

African music in the sense of music originating in Africa is extremely heterogeneous, as it reflects the ethnic, cultural and linguistic variety of the continent. It is above all characterized by the frenetic rhythm emitted by its drums. What we will always find in every musical variant, regardless of the purpose for which it is produced, is the characteristic polyrhythm, that is, the ability to simultaneously develop different rhythms and to maintain them in a constant and uniform way, without one overriding another. The rhythmic complexity of African music has in fact been transferred to many musical expressions of Latin American countries; the most fascinating aspect of this polyrhythm is the possibility to clearly distinguish the different rhythms while perceiving them in a coherent way. As far as the voice is concerned, it is interesting to note that generally singing canals that tend to be hoarse and guttural are used.